Makeaa Arkkitehtuuria:Merijalin makeistehtaan vanhan konttorirakennuksen historia, restaurointi ja käyttötarkoituksen muutos asuinrakennukseksi

Tiivistelmä. Oy Merijal Ab:n makeistehtaan vanha konttorirakennus on 1890-luvun lopulla tai aivan 1910-luvun alussa valmistunut rakennus, joka sijaitsee Oulussa Tuiran kaupunginosassa Koskitien ja Oulujoen väliin jäävällä kapealla maa-alueella. Se edustaa Tuiran vanhinta rakennuskantaa ja edeltää jopa Puu-Tuirana tunnetun ajan. Rakennus on suojeltu sr-20-merkinnällä. Konttorirakennuksen historia on rikas ja monimuotoinen, ja se on tärkeä osa niin Tuiran kaupunkimaisemaa kuin oululaista identiteettiä. Monta vuosikymmentä makeistehdastoiminnassa ollut rakennus seisoo nyt tyhjillään, ja sen kohtalo on ollut viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana vaakalaudalla, vaikka YIT on Oulun kaupungin kanssa sovitulla maankäyttösopimuksella vuodelta 2007 luvannut peruskorjata konttorirakennuksen ja muuttaa sen käyttötarkoituksen asuinrakennukseksi. Pitkään tyhjillään seissyt rakennus on huonokuntoinen, ja muutostoimenpiteillä on kiire, jotta rakennus saadaan säilymään myös tuleville oululaisille sukupolville. Tässä käsillä olevassa diplomityössä kartoitan Merijalin makeistehtaan konttorirakennuksen historian ja sen suhteen ympäristöönsä sekä historiaansa sekä luon uudelleenkäyttötarkoitussuunnitelman rakennukselle sen arvot huomioon ottaen. En paneudu rakennuksen nykykuntoon tai esitä tarkkoja rakenteiden korjaustoimenpiteitä. Suunnitelmani tärkein tavoite on osoittaa rakennuksen ja korjausrakentamisen tärkeys ja potentiaali ympäristötietoisessa Oulussa, jossa vanhoja kulttuurillisesti merkittäviä rakennuksia puretaan edelleen. Diplomityöni jakautuu kahteen osaan: kirjalliseen taustatutkimukseen ja suunnittelutyöhön. Ensimmäisessä osassa käsittelen Suomen makeisteollisuuden historian, Oy Merijal Ab:n historian ja Merijalin makeistehtaan- ja konttorirakennuksen historian sekä rakennuksen arvot. Toinen osa keskittyy konttorirakennuksen käyttötarkoituksen muutossuunnitelmaan ja restauroinnin mahdollisuuksiin. Suunnittelen rakennuksen asuinkäyttöön.Sweet Architecture : Merijals confectionery factory’s old office buildings history, restoration and plan to design it to residential use. Abstract. Oy Merijal Ab’s confectionery factory’s old office building was built during the late 1890s or the early 1910s and it stands in Oulu in the Tuira neighborhood between Koskitie and Oulujoki. It is one of the oldest buildings in Tuira and it precedes the Puu-Tuira period in the early 1900s when almost all the buildings in Tuira were made of wood. The building is protected in the city plan. The office building has a rich and diverse history and it is an important part of the Tuira cityscape and an important part of the identity of Oulu. The building was part of the confectionery factory for many decades but as of today it has been standing empty for many years and its destiny has been at stake during the last few years even though YIT made a land use deal with the city of Oulu in 2007 where they promised to repair the Merijal’s office building and turn it into a residential building. Left empty for a long time, the building is in poor shape and the renovation is in a hurry. The building should be preserved for generations to come. In this master’s thesis I will map the history of the Merijal’s confectionery factories office building and its relationship to its surroundings and to its history. I also create a residential plan for the building taking its values into consideration. I shall not extend my thesis into the condition of the building nor will I present exact structural improvements. My design’s most important aspiration is to demonstrate the office buildings and renovation architecture’s importance and potential in an environmentally conscious Oulu where old culturally significant buildings are still being taken down. My master’s thesis is divided into two parts: research and the design project. In the first part I shall cover the history of the Finnish sweets industry, the history of the Oy Merijal Ab and the confectionery factory buildings history as well as the values of the building. The second part concentrates on the repairment of the building and on the possibilities for the restoration. I will design the building for residential use

A one-dimensional lattice model for a quantum mechanical free particle

Two types of particles, A and B with their corresponding antiparticles, are defined in a one dimensional cyclic lattice with an odd number of sites. In each step of time evolution, each particle acts as a source for the polarization field of the other type of particle with nonlocal action but with an effect decreasing with the distance: A -->...\bar{B} B \bar{B} B \bar{B} ... ; B --> A \bar{A} A \bar{A} A ... . It is shown that the combined distribution of these particles obeys the time evolution of a free particle as given by quantum mechanics.Comment: 8 pages. Revte

Apoptotic activity is increased in parallel with the metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma sequence of the bronchial epithelium

A high level of apoptotic activity and an independence of apoptosis from the expression of p53 and bcl-2 have been observed in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. We examined 44 samples of normal, metaplastic and premalignant (i.e. mild, moderate and severe dysplasias and carcinoma in situ) bronchial epithelia to evaluate whether differences in the apoptotic activity could already be seen in the stages preceding squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SQCLC). Apoptotic cells and bodies were visualized by 3′ end labelling. The expression of p53 and members of the bcl-2 gene family, such as bcl-2, bax and mcl-1, were determined immunohistochemically with specific antibodies. The relative number of apoptotic cells and bodies [apoptotic index (AI%)] was already increased threefold as the normal bronchial epithelium changed to squamous metaplasia, and the AIs of the dysplastic lesions were about four times higher than those of the normal epithelium. Apoptosis was significantly associated with cell proliferation, as determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. However, the extent of apoptosis did not correlate with the expression of p53, bcl-2, bax and mcl-1. We conclude that, in the metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma sequence in the lung, the elevation of the AI% is an early event associated with cell proliferation activity, but is independent of the expression of p53, bcl-2, mcl-1 and bax. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Two Cellular Protein Kinases, DNA-PK and PKA, Phosphorylate the Adenoviral L4-33K Protein and Have Opposite Effects on L1 Alternative RNA Splicing

Accumulation of the complex set of alternatively processed mRNA from the adenovirus major late transcription unit (MLTU) is subjected to a temporal regulation involving both changes in poly (A) site choice and alternative 3′ splice site usage. We have previously shown that the adenovirus L4-33K protein functions as an alternative splicing factor involved in activating the shift from L1-52,55K to L1-IIIa mRNA. Here we show that L4-33K specifically associates with the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in uninfected and adenovirus-infected nuclear extracts. Further, we show that L4-33K is highly phosphorylated by DNA-PK in vitro in a double stranded DNA-independent manner. Importantly, DNA-PK deficient cells show an enhanced production of the L1-IIIa mRNA suggesting an inhibitory role of DNA-PK on the temporal switch in L1 alternative RNA splicing. Moreover, we show that L4-33K also is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), and that PKA has an enhancer effect on L4-33K-stimulated L1-IIIa splicing. Hence, we demonstrate that these kinases have opposite effects on L4-33K function; DNA-PK as an inhibitor and PKA as an activator of L1-IIIa mRNA splicing. Taken together, this is the first report identifying protein kinases that phosphorylate L4-33K and to suggest novel regulatory roles for DNA-PK and PKA in adenovirus alternative RNA splicing

Attenuation by all-trans-retinoic acid of sodium chloride-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats

The effect of prolonged administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on sodium chloride-enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and the labelling and apoptotic indices and immunoreactivity of transforming growth factor (TGF) α in the gastric cancers was investigated in Wistar rats. After 25 weeks of carcinogen treatment, the rats were given chow pellets containing 10% sodium chloride and subcutaneous injections of RA at doses of 0.75 or 1.5 mg kg−1 body weight every other day. In week 52, oral supplementation with sodium chloride significantly increased the incidence of gastric cancers compared with the untreated controls. Long-term administration of RA at both doses significantly reduced the incidence of gastric cancers, which was enhanced by oral administration of sodium chloride. RA at both doses significantly decreased the labelling index and TGF-α immunoreactivity of gastric cancers, which were enhanced by administration of sodium chloride, and significantly increased the apoptotic index of cancers, which was lowered by administration of sodium chloride. These findings suggest that RA attenuates gastric carcinogenesis, enhanced by sodium chloride, by increasing apoptosis, decreasing DNA synthesis, and reducing TGF-α expression in gastric cancers. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Competing T = 0 and T = 1 structures in the N = Z nucleus 3162Ga

The low-lying levels in the odd-odd N = Z nucleus 62Ga have been identified for the first time. These data reveal a cascade of stretched-E2 transitions based on a T = 0, 1+ bandhead which decays directly to the T = 1, 0+ ground state. The observed levels are interpreted in the context of theshell model, using as a basis, the pf5/2g9/2 orbits with a 56Ni core

Expression of caspases 3, 6 and 8 is increased in parallel with apoptosis and histological aggressiveness of the breast lesion

The aim of this investigation was to study the expression of caspases 3, 6 and 8 and their association to apoptosis in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the breast. The material consisted of nine benign breast epithelial hyperplasias, 15 atypical hyperplasias, 74 in situ and 82 invasive carcinomas. The extent of apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method and caspase 3, 6 and 8 expression by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. Increased caspase 3 immunopositivity, as compared to staining of normal breast ductal epithelium, was seen in 22% of benign epithelial hyperplasias, 25% of atypical hyperplasias, 58% of in situ carcinomas and 90% of invasive carcinomas. The corresponding percentages for caspase 6 and 8 were 11%, 25%, 60%, 87% and 22%, 57%, 84%, 83% respectively. In high-grade in situ lesions there were significantly more cases with strong caspase 3, 6 and 8 immunoreactivity than in low- and intermediate-grade lesions (P = 0.0045, P = 0.049 and P = 0.0001 respectively). In invasive carcinomas, however, no association between a high tumour grade and caspase 3, 6 or 8 expression was found (P = 0.27, P = 0.26 and P = 0.69 respectively). The mean apoptotic index was 0.14 ± 0.14% in benign epithelial hyperplasias, 0.17 ± 0.12% in atypical hyperplasias, 0.61 ± 0.88% in in situ carcinomas and 0.94 ± 1.21% in invasive carcinomas. In all cases strong caspase 3, 6 and 8 positivity was significantly associated with the extent of apoptosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.015 and P = 0.050 respectively). The results show that synthesis of caspases 3, 6 and 8 is up-regulated in neoplastic breast epithelial cells in parallel to the increase in the apoptotic index and progression of the breast lesions. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig