CHEMISTRY OF KUPIPAKVA RASAYANA W.S.R. TO TAMRA SINDOORA

Kupipakva rasayana are unique pharmaceutical procedure in the field of Rasashastra where in Mercury along with other minerals and metals are sublimated by subjecting it to gradual increase in temperature for specific time. They are more potent and quick acting even in smaller dose. Tamra Sindoora is one such Kupipakva Rasayan which is not that much popular and widely used in daily practice. But it is having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is a combination of Parada (mercury), Gandhaka (sulphur) and Tamra (copper) in the ratio of 1:1:1/2. Chemistry itself includes the determination of chemical and biological incompatibilities among the various ingredients of a prescription. Here we will come to know about various synthetic methods by which natural substances are converted into products with more favourable therapeutic or pharmaceutical properties. In the present paper will discuss about probable chemistry of Tamra Sindoora

Novel framework for optimized digital forensic for mitigating complex image attacks

Digital Image Forensic is significantly becoming popular owing to the increasing usage of the images as a media of information propagation. However, owing to the presence of various image editing tools and softwares, there is also an increasing threats over image content security. Reviewing the existing approaches of identify the traces or artifacts states that there is a large scope of optimization to be implmentation to further enhance teh processing. Therfore, this paper presents a novel framework that performs cost effective optmization of digital forensic tehnqiue with an idea of accurately localizing teh area of tampering as well as offers a capability to mitigate the attacks of various form. The study outcome shows that propsoed system offers better outcome in contrast to existing system to a significant scale to prove that minor novelty in design attribute could induce better improvement with respect to accuracy as well as resilience toward all potential image threats

Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of plasma-reduced silver nanoparticles

A non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet has been used for the green synthesis of highly dispersed colloidal silver nanoparticles. The reducing species such as hydrogen radicals and hydrated electrons are identified, and the change in the solution pH is studied during AgNP formation. The structural properties and size of the plasma-reduced silver nanoparticles are characterized via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The size of the colloidal AgNPs is tuned by adjusting the initial concentration of AgNO3. The effect of terephthalic acid, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, on the reduction of Ag+ ion is studied. The typical catalytic activity data indicate the better performance of the plasma-reduced colloidal Ag nanoparticles than that obtained from the chemical reduction method. The antibacterial activity of the plasma-reduced Ag nanoparticles also shows a better performance than that of the chemically reduced AgNPs, highlighting the potential of the plasma reduction approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are stable even after 30 days without a stabilizing agent. Additionally, the effects of hydroxyl scavengers (isopropyl alcohol) and Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ salt) on CV degradation are studied

Thermal and morphological studies of chitosan and agar-agar blends

Many researchers are attracted to Chitosan based blends due to its properties and potential applications in various fields. The advanced development of Chitosan blends integrates the science and technology of blended materials. The present experimentation is reporting the preparation of Chitosan and Agar-Agar blends (CCA) by chemical mixing of these materials at different compositions. The thermal studies of the prepared blends were studied by differential scanning colorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tools. Thermal studies reveal that the lowest degradation temperatures of blends might be attributed to the partial miscibility of CAA blends at particular composition and miscibility due to single glass transition temperature (Tg) between Chitosan and Agar-agar. Bonding nature of sample blends were carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) instrumentation. This study reveals the interaction between Chitosan and Agar-agar is partial miscibility. Morphological study reveals that a few aggregated particles, which suggest the partial miscibility of CAA blends. Homogeneity of blend compositions and specific intermolecular interactions of hydrogen bonding type is also observed

Analysis of rainfall extremes and water yield of Krishna river basin under future climate scenarios

Study region: Krishna river basin is the second largest river basin in Peninsular India. The basin largely falls under a semi-arid zone, around a central arid zone. One-third of the basin comes under the Deccan traps, with major soil types being black soils, alluvium, red and mixed soils. Study focus: In the present study, SWAT has been used to investigate the potential impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Krishna basin. The simulations were carried out with the observed, historical, and future climate data of various climate models and the results were evaluated. The calibration and validation of the model was carried out using the SUFI-2 algorithm in SWAT-CUP. Analysis of rainfall extremes and available water resources were determined under future climate scenarios. New hydrological insights for the region: Extension of monsoon rainfall even up to October, a shift in the maximum amount of long-term mean ISMR and surface runoff, increasing trend of rainfall in the months of October, November and few extreme rainfall events other than monsoon season was observed under future with different climate models. The climate model (CNRM-CM5) projected that 7%, 5% and 25% of the events were falling under excess rainfall (>25%), extreme rainfall (>50%) and moderate drought events respectively under RCP 4.5 scenario, as against 17%, 10% and 17% respectively in the case of RCP 8.5 scenario

Regular dendritic patterns induced by non-local time-periodic forcing

The dynamic response of dendritic solidification to spatially homogeneous time-periodic forcing has been studied. Phase-field calculations performed in two dimensions (2D) and experiments on thin (quasi 2D) liquid crystal layers show that the frequency of dendritic side-branching can be tuned by oscillatory pressure or heating. The sensitivity of this phenomenon to the relevant parameters, the frequency and amplitude of the modulation, the initial undercooling and the anisotropies of the interfacial free energy and molecule attachment kinetics, has been explored. It has been demonstrated that besides the side-branching mode synchronous with external forcing as emerging from the linear Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin analysis, modes that oscillate with higher harmonic frequencies are also present with perceptible amplitudes.Comment: 15 pages, 23 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Field-Dependent Tilt and Birefringence of Electroclinic Liquid Crystals: Theory and Experiment

An unresolved issue in the theory of liquid crystals is the molecular basis of the electroclinic effect in the smectic-A phase. Recent x-ray scattering experiments suggest that, in a class of siloxane-containing liquid crystals, an electric field changes a state of disordered molecular tilt in random directions into a state of ordered tilt in one direction. To investigate this issue, we measure the optical tilt and birefringence of these liquid crystals as functions of field and temperature, and we develop a theory for the distribution of molecular orientations under a field. Comparison of theory and experiment confirms that these materials have a disordered distribution of molecular tilt directions that is aligned by an electric field, giving a large electroclinic effect. It also shows that the net dipole moment of a correlated volume of molecules, a key parameter in the theory, scales as a power law near the smectic-A--smectic-C transition.Comment: 18 pages, including 9 postscript figures, uses REVTeX 3.0 and epsf.st

Theory of Cylindrical Tubules and Helical Ribbons of Chiral Lipid Membranes

We present a general theory for the equilibrium structure of cylindrical tubules and helical ribbons of chiral lipid membranes. This theory is based on a continuum elastic free energy that permits variations in the direction of molecular tilt and in the curvature of the membrane. The theory shows that the formation of tubules and helical ribbons is driven by the chirality of the membrane. Tubules have a first-order transition from a uniform state to a helically modulated state, with periodic stripes in the tilt direction and ripples in the curvature. Helical ribbons can be stable structures, or they can be unstable intermediate states in the formation of tubules.Comment: 43 pages, including 12 postscript figures, uses REVTeX 3.0 and epsf.st

Experiences of people with dementia and their caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: a mixed-methods study

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedented consequences for the management of chronic diseases such as dementia. However, limited evidence exists on the condition of persons with dementia and their caregivers during the pandemic in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). The study aimed to provide insights into the experiences of persons with dementia and their families during the early phases of the pandemic in India. Methods This study adopted a mixed-method approach. One hundred and four persons with dementia and their caregivers were evaluated via telephone using validated instruments and a semi-structured interview guide. We used the quantitative data collected to establish a baseline, whereas qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results The study revealed that persons with dementia and their caregivers experienced difficulties during the pandemic, which included worsening of behaviour, problems in accessing care, disruptions in functional activities and struggles in enforcing infection prevention contributing to caregiver distress. An important finding that emerged was the unchanging reality of caregiving for families. The relative success of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic contrasted with the lack of awareness and formal support for dementia. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of persons with dementia and their caregivers. This calls for a collaborative reframing of medical care and public health policies to address dementia care