Structure based de novo design of IspD inhibitors as anti-tubercular agents

Tuberculosis is one of the leading contagious diseases, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite improvements in anti-tubercular agents, it remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, responsible for a total of 1.6 million deaths annually. The emergence of multidrug resistant strains highlighted the need of discovering novel drug targets for the development of anti-tubercular agents. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidyltransferase (IspD) is an enzyme involved in MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, which is considered an attractive target for the discovery of novel antibiotics for its essentiality in bacteria and absence in mammals. In the present study, we have employed structure based drug design approach to develop novel and potent inhibitors for IspD receptor. To explore binding affinity and hydrogen bond interaction between the ligand and active site of IspD receptor, docking studies were performed. ADMET and synthetic accessibility filters were used to screen designed molecules. Finally, ten compounds were selected and subsequently submitted for the synthesis and in vitro studies as IspD inhibitors

Integration of Ayurveda and Physiotherapy in the management of Sciatica: A Case Report

Ayurveda and Physiotherapy were found highly efficacious in the management of Sciatica. But the integration of these two systems yields better outcomes; there is a lack of more evidence-based study that offers a deeper understanding. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary treatment approach of Ayurveda and physiotherapy in sciatica. This is a case report of a 36-year-old sciatica patient, who was suffering from a lower back ache with pain radiating to the right lower extremity up to the two outer toes. The study lasted for four weeks. An Interdisciplinary team was formed. The Ayurveda treatments included: Shodhana Chikitsa and Shamana Chikitsa including Panchakarma treatments. The physiotherapy treatments included: manual therapy, McKenzie’s exercises, muscle strengthening and stretching and balance/proprioception exercises. The patient reported positive outcomes after 4 weeks of treatment. There was a decrease in pain scores from 8 to 0 in the NPRS scale rating of pain (during rest) and 8 to 1-2 (during activity). Along with this, changes were noted in the p4 questionnaire indicating reduction in symptoms. The scores were decreased on the sensory and effective dimensions of pain in the short form McGill pain questionnaire. Present pain intensity (PPI) changed to mild. The onset of symptoms changed from 2 minutes to 8 minutes. The interdisciplinary approach of Ayurveda and physiotherapy resulted in a reduction of pain in sciatica patients

SURVEY, ISOLATION, BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI FROM GASTRIC PATIENT BIOPSY

Objective: This study was to isolate and identify the Helicobacter pylori from the biopsy samples of the gastric patient.Methods: Gastric biopsies were collected from the antral region of the gastric patient. Out of 96 patients, 59 males and 37 females in the age group between 11 and 70 years old were selected. A serial dilution of the sample was made. The bacterial colonies were examined on the basis of Gram staining, colony morphology, and biochemical reactions such as catalase, urease, oxidase, nitrate reduction, glycine utilization, growth (different media, different temperature, and salt tolerance), and antibiotic sensitivityResult: From the findings, it was found that 75% (65% of male and 35% of female) have H. pylori infection remaining 25% were not infected. The rate of infection was found to be more in age group 55-65 and less in age group below 25. Among 75% of H. pylori infected patients, 72% are affected with ulcer, 19% with gastric cancer, and 8.3% found to be non-gastric inflammated. Gram staining result declared that the isolated bacteria from the biopsy sample observed to be Gram-negative, spiral shaped rod. Biochemical reports produced positive indication to all the tests.Conclusion: Based on the morphological, staining and biochemical test result, it was confirmed that the isolated bacteria was found to be H. pylori.Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related to death worldwide. In 1994, the international agencyfor research on cancer classified H. pylori as a Class I (definite) carcinogen, as H. pylori infection is considered as an important trigger in the processof carcinogenesis of both types of distal gastric cancer.Â

A Novel Approach and Implementation Concept For A Nanosatellite Backup on-Board Computer

STUDSAT-2 (STUDENT SATellite-2) is a one-of-a-kind satellite technology project undertaken by Indian undergraduate students. The aim of this project is to demonstrate the On-Board Computer's redundancy (OBC). The OBC subsystem is one of the many subsystems that make up the STUDSAT-2 satellite system. It is critical to the satellite's operation. Even a minor malfunction in this system could lead to the mission's complete failure. As a result, OBC redundancy management is required to overcome this. As a result, the proposed model of Backup On-Board Computer for STUDSAT-2 was planned and built by incorporating redundancy in both software and hardware, thus increasing the OBC's reliability

Potential effect of metformin and vildagliptin against isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

Background: Metformin and vildagliptin both are anti-diabetic agent and they play an important role in diabetic patients as they reduce blood glucose levels. Studies revealed that both metformin and vildagliptin has the ability to promote beta cell neogenesis and regeneration. So, our study was planned to explore the hepatoprotective potential of metformin and vildagliptin in Wistar albino rats exposed to isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Wistar albino rats weighing 150-180 g were obtained from Mass Biotech, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n=6) and further treated orally against INH-induced hepatotoxicity except normal control group. group 1: normal control, group 2: INH, group 3: metformin+INH, group 4: vildagliptin+INH, group 5: metformin amd vildagliptin+INH, group 6: silymarin. Results: In the present study, INH was administered for 21 days to induce liver damage to rats except normal group. Each group was treated with metformin, vildagliptin, (metformin+vildagliptin) combination and silymarin half an hour before INH challenge. On the 22nd day the blood samples were collected to estimate the AST and ALT levels. Immediately after blood collection the animals were sacrificed, the livers were removed and kept in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Conclusions: The study found that metformin, vildagliptin, and their combination showed hepatoprotective activity against INH-induced hepatotoxicity. The combination of metformin+vildagliptin was the most effective. Metformin reduces oxidative stress, while vildagliptin balances pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant levels, contributing to their hepatoprotective effects. This suggests their potential usefulness in drug-induced hepatotoxicity

New spectrophotometric techniques for the estimation of Perphenazine in bulk drug form

Perphenazine is an atypical antipsychotic drug.  The simple and accurate and precise absorption ratio method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Perphenazine in the pure drug form. The absorption maxima were found to be 310nm in Method A (0.1N HCl Buffer) and show linearity over the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.5372x-0.0099(r2 = 0.9990). In Method B (Sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.4257x - 0.0084(r2= 0.9992). In Method C (Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.482x - 0.0074(r2= 0.9991). In Method D (phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.3686x - 0.0055(r2= 0.9992). In Method E (0.1N NaOH Buffer) and shows linearity over the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.4864x-0.0081(r2 = 0.999). In Method F (Methanol) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 300nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.6323x - 0.003(r2= 0.999). In Method G (Ethanol ) the drug obeys Beer Lambert’s law (λmax 300nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL with regression equation y=0.3686x - 0.0055(r2= 0.9991).   First derivative spectrophotometric methods (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1 and G1) were developed in 0.1NHCl and Sodium acetate pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer, in pH 6.8 and phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, 0.1N NaOH Buffer, which Perphenazine obeys Beer Lambert’s law(λmax310nm) in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and  0.002-0.02 µg/mL and    0.002-0.02 µg/mL  and 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and0.002-0.02 µg/mL  with regression equations y=0.0357x - 0.0006 and y=0.0201x+0.0004 and y=0.0196x-0.0002 and y=0.0162x+0.0002  and y=0.0239x - 0.0002  and Perphenazine obeys Beer Lambert’s law(λmax300nm) for methanol and ethanol in the concentration range of 0.002-0.02 µg/mL and  0.002-0.02 µg/mL  with regression equations y=0.0423x-0.0003 and y=0.0371x+0.0003 respectively.&nbsp

Oyster farming by women self help groups At Wadatar, Sindhudurg district in Maharashtra State

Practical dissemination of bivalve farming technologies in the potential maritime locations of Sindhudurg district was undertaken by ICAR-CMFRI. Initially a demoyster farm was setup in Wadatar, in Sindhudurg District under the UNDP-GEF funded project “Demonstration of bivalve farming at Sindhudurg District in the State of Maharashtra”. The training and demonstration for oyster farming was given to the Self Help Groups-SHG, “Prasidhi” consisting of 10 members. Five hundred strings containing 7,000 numbers of oysters were harvested. Each string consists of 10-15 live oysters. Live oysters were sold at the rate of Rs. 150-200 per dozen. A total profi t of Rs.45,000 was realized. This successful case study can be used as a case manual for group action for bivalve farming technology

Manual on Edible Oyster and Green Mussel Farming कालवं आणि काकई संवर्धन तंत्र प्रशिक्षण पुस्तिका

Manual on Edible Oyster and Green Mussel Farming कालवं आणि काकई संवर्धन तंत्र प्रशिक्षण पुस्तिका (Marathi Version