1,031 research outputs found
Loopedia, a Database for Loop Integrals
Loopedia is a new database at loopedia.org for information on Feynman
integrals, intended to provide both bibliographic information as well as
results made available by the community. Its bibliometry is complementary to
that of SPIRES or arXiv in the sense that it admits searching for integrals by
graph-theoretical objects, e.g. its topology.Comment: 16 pages, lots of screenshot
Dissipation of the 3^He A-B Transition
A rigorous hydrodynamic theory of the A-B transition is presented. All
dissipative processes are considered. At low interface velocities, those
occurring on hydrodynamic length scales, not considered hitherto, are most
probably the dominant ones.Comment: 13 pages, REVTeX, 2 figures, ITP-UH 13/9
Bubble Growth in Superfluid 3-He: The Dynamics of the Curved A-B Interface
We study the hydrodynamics of the A-B interface with finite curvature. The
interface tension is shown to enhance both the transition velocity and the
amplitudes of second sound. In addition, the magnetic signals emitted by the
growing bubble are calculated, and the interaction between many growing bubbles
is considered.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, ITP-UH 11/9
Goat Milk Based Infant Formula in Newborns:A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial on Growth and Safety.
Objectives: We aimed to determine the growth and safety parameters in newborns fed a goat milk based infant formula (GMF) using a randomized double-blind trial, in which a cow milk formula (CMF) served as a control and a breast fed (BF) group as a reference. Methods: Healthy term infants (n = 218) aged up to 14 days were recruited from 25 European study centers and randomized to GMF or CMF. Weight, length, head circumference were measured at baseline, and at 14, 28, 56, 84, and 112 days at the study clinics. Adverse events were recorded and stool characteristics, reflux, fussiness, colic, and flatulence were self-reported by parents in 3-day diaries. Anthropometric measurements were transformed to WHO standardized age- and sex-adjusted z-scores. Analyses of covariance and linear mixed modeling were used to statistically analyze growth, while adjusting for potential confounders when studying the breast-fed group (n = 86). Results: Comparing the GMF to the CMF group, weight gain [mean difference 227.8 g (95% CI -16.6 to -439.0)] and z-scores for anthropometric measurements were similar after 112 days intervention. Infant formula groups showed greater mean (SD) weight z-scores than the BF group from 84 days onwards (GMF: 0.28 (0.84), CMF: 0.12 (0.88), BF -0.19 (1.02), P < 0.05), whereas length and head circumference z-scores were similar. Incidences of serious adverse events and reflux, fussiness, colic, and flatulence were similar among the three groups. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that GMF provides adequate growth, has a good tolerability, and is safe to use in infants
Nkx2-5 and Sarcospan genetically interact in the development of the muscular ventricular septum of the heart
The muscular ventricular septum separates the flow of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood in air-breathing vertebrates. Defects within it, termed muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs), are common, yet less is known about how they arise than rarer heart defects. Mutations of the cardiac transcription factor NKX2-5 cause cardiac malformations, including muscular VSDs. We describe here a genetic interaction between Nkx2-5 and Sarcospan (Sspn) that affects the risk of muscular VSD in mice. Sspn encodes a protein in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Sspn knockout (Sspn(KO)) mice do not have heart defects, but Nkx2-5(+/−)/Sspn(KO) mutants have a higher incidence of muscular VSD than Nkx2-5(+/−) mice. Myofibers in the ventricular septum follow a stereotypical pattern that is disrupted around a muscular VSD. Subendocardial myofibers normally run in parallel along the left ventricular outflow tract, but in the Nkx2-5(+/−)/Sspn(KO) mutant they commonly deviate into the septum even in the absence of a muscular VSD. Thus, Nkx2-5 and Sspn act in a pathway that affects the alignment of myofibers during the development of the ventricular septum. The malalignment may be a consequence of a defect in the coalescence of trabeculae into the developing ventricular septum, which has been hypothesized to be the mechanistic basis of muscular VSDs
Factors Associated with Previable Delivery following Second Trimester Rupture of Membranes
Objective To identify factors associated with previable delivery in second trimester preterm rupture of membranes (PROM). Study Design We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of women with pregnancies complicated by second trimester PROM (14.0-21.9 weeks' gestation) from 2000 to 2015 who elected expectant pregnancy management and achieved at least 24 hours latency. Maternal characteristics and clinical factors were compared among pregnancies that reached viability (≥ 23.0 weeks) and pregnancies delivered before viability ( 1cm, Group B streptococcus carrier status, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydial infection during pregnancy were similar between groups. Median time to delivery was significantly shorter in women who delivered < 23 weeks compared with those who reached ≥ 23 weeks (6 vs. 46 days, p < 0.01). Conclusion Previable delivery occurred in the majority of women with second trimester PROM. No maternal or clinical factors were associated with delivery prior to viability. Counseling women with second trimester PROM should include the inability to determine which pregnancies will reach viability
Adherence to the iDSI reference case among published cost-per-DALY averted studies
Background The iDSI reference case, originally published in 2014, aims to improve the quality and comparability of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA). This study assesses whether the development of the guideline is associated with an improvement in methodological and reporting practices for CEAs using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods We analyzed the Tufts Medical Center Global Health CEA Registry to identify cost-per-DALY averted studies published from 2011 to 2017. Among each of 11 principles in the iDSI reference case, we translated all methodological specifications and reporting standards into a series of binary questions (satisfied or not satisfied) and awarded articles one point for each item satisfied. We then calculated methodological and reporting adherence scores separately as a percentage of total possible points, measured as normalized adherence score (0% = no adherence; 100% = full adherence). Using the year 2014 as the dissemination period, we conducted a pre-post analysis. We also conducted sensitivity analyses using: 1) optional criteria in scoring, 2) alternate dissemination period (2014–2015), and 3) alternative comparator classification. Results Articles averaged 60% adherence to methodological specifications and 74% adherence to reporting standards. While methodological adherence scores did not significantly improve (59% pre-2014 vs. 60% post-2014, p = 0.53), reporting adherence scores increased slightly over time (72% pre-2014 vs. 75% post-2014, p<0.01). Overall, reporting adherence scores exceeded methodological adherence scores (74% vs. 60%, p<0.001). Articles seldom addressed budget impact (9% reporting, 10% methodological) or equity (7% reporting, 7% methodological). Conclusions The iDSI reference case has substantial potential to serve as a useful resource for researchers and policy-makers in global health settings, but greater effort to promote adherence and awareness is needed to achieve its potential
Herniation Pits in Human Mummies: A CT Investigation in the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Sicily
Herniation pits (HPs) of the femoral neck were first described in a radiological publication in 1982 as round to oval radiolucencies in the proximal superior quadrant of the femoral neck on anteroposterior radiographs of adults. In following early clinical publications, HPs were generally recognized as an incidental finding. In contrast, in current clinical literature they are mentioned in the context of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the hip joint, which is known to cause osteoarthritis (OA). The significance of HPs in chronic skeletal disorders such as OA is still unclear, but they are discussed as a possible radiological indicator for FAI in a large part of clinical studies
Detection of minimal residual disease identifies differences in treatment response between T-ALL and precursor B-ALL
We performed sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based minimal residual
disease (MRD) analyses on bone marrow samples at 9 follow-up time points
in 71 children with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and
compared the results with the precursor B-lineage ALL (B-ALL) results (n =
210) of our previous study. At the first 5 follow-up time points, the
frequency of MRD-positive patients and the MRD levels were higher in T-ALL
than in precursor-B-ALL, reflecting the more frequent occurrence of
resistant disease in T-ALL. Subsequently, patients were classified
according to their MRD level at time point 1 (TP1), taken at the end of
induction treatment (5 weeks), and at TP2 just before the start of
consolidation treatment (3 months). Patients were considered at low risk
if TP1 and TP2 were MRD negative and at high risk if MRD levels at TP1 and
TP2 were 10(-3) or higher; remaining patients were considered at
intermediate risk. The relative distribution of patients with T-ALL (n =
43) over the MRD-based risk groups differed significantly from that of
precursor B-ALL (n = 109). Twenty-three percent of patients with T-ALL and
46% of patients with precursor B-ALL were classified in the low-risk group
(P =.01) and had a 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate of 98% or
greater. In contrast, 28% of patients with T-ALL were classified in the
MRD-based high-risk group compared to only 11% of patients with precursor
B-ALL (P =.02), and the RFS rates were 0% and 25%, respectively (P =.03).
Not only was the distribution of patients with T-ALL different over the
MRD-based risk groups, the prognostic value of MRD levels at TP1 and TP2
was higher in T-ALL (larger RFS gradient), and consistently higher RFS
rates were found for MRD-negative T-ALL patients at the first 5 follow-up
time points
Mechanisms Underlying Metabolic and Neural Defects in Zebrafish and Human Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD)
In humans, mutations in electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) lead to MADD/glutaric aciduria type II, an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of devastating neurological, systemic and metabolic symptoms. We show that a zebrafish mutant in ETFDH, xavier, and fibroblast cells from MADD patients demonstrate similar mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities, including reduced oxidative phosphorylation, increased aerobic glycolysis, and upregulation of the PPARG-ERK pathway. This metabolic dysfunction is associated with aberrant neural proliferation in xav, in addition to other neural phenotypes and paralysis. Strikingly, a PPARG antagonist attenuates aberrant neural proliferation and alleviates paralysis in xav, while PPARG agonists increase neural proliferation in wild type embryos. These results show that mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to an increase in aerobic glycolysis, affects neurogenesis through the PPARG-ERK pathway, a potential target for therapeutic intervention
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