Toggle operated double latch

Double hook latch provides preloading and support capability up to 80,000 pounds and opens self-energizingly when restraint linkage is released. It incorporates a double hook latch held closed by a toggle linkage attached to a flexible cable rigged in tension

Cavitation in a bulb turbine

The flow in a horizontal shaft bulb turbine is calculated as a two-phase flow with a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD-)-code including cavitation model. The results are compared with experimental results achieved at a closed loop test rig for model turbines. On the model test rig, for a certain operating point (i.e.volume flow, net head, blade angle, guide vane opening) the pressure behind the turbine is lowered (i.e. the Thomacoefficient s is lowered) and the efficiency of the turbine is recorded. The measured values can be depicted in a so-called s?break curve or h-s?diagram. Usually, the efficiency is independent of the Thoma-coefficient up to a certain value. When lowering the Thoma-coefficient below this value the efficiency will drop rapidly. Visual observations of the different cavitation conditions complete the experiment. In analogy, several calculations are done for different Thoma-coefficients s and the corresponding hydraulic losses of the runner are evaluated quantitatively. Besides, the fraction of water vapour as an indication of the size of the cavitation cavity is analyzed qualitatively. The experimentally and the numerically obtained results are compared and show a good agreement. Especially the drop in efficiency can be calculated with satisfying accuracy. This drop in efficiency is of high practical importance since it is one criterion to determine the admissible cavitation in a bulbturbine. The visual impression of the cavitation in the CFDanalysis is well in accordance with the observed cavitation bubbles recorded on sketches and/or photographs.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84277/1/CAV2009-final91.pd

Development of Recrystallization Texture and Microstructure in Cold Rolled Copper

Oxygen free electronic copper, 99.995% purity, of two initial grain sizes, 50 {mu}m and 100 {mu}m, has been cold rolled to six strains of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.65, 3.5 and 4.5 (von Mises equivalents). The rolled materials were partially and fully recrystallized to study the development of recrystallization textures as a function of grain size, strain and fraction recrystallized. The initial textures were relatively random and the deformation textures show the classic {beta} fiber development. As strain is increased both materials produce increasingly intense cube recrystallization textures, (100), as measured both by x-ray diffraction and the electron backscatter pattern (EBSP) techniques. The strong cube recrystallization textures are a product of a higher than random frequency of cube nucleation sites. An additional factor is that cube regions grow larger than non-cube regions. The explanation of the cube frequency advantage is based on the development of large stored energy differences between cube orientations and neighboring orientations due to recovery of cube sites. Of several possible explanations of the cube orientation size advantage, the most plausible one is solute entrapment. At the higher strains the boundaries of cube grains encounter the deformation texture S components, (123), changing the boundary character to one of 40{degrees}. These boundaries are more resistant to solute accumulation than random high angle boundaries, allowing the boundaries to migrate with less of a solute drag effect than a random high angle boundary

Alter und Innovation: Befunde aus der Beschäftigtenstatistik

Bei dem zu beobachtenden Altern der Bevölkerung stellt sich die Frage nach der künftigen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Industriestandorts Deutschland, der mit gealterten Belegschaften am Weltmarkt bestehen muss. Besonders akzentuiert könnte die Problemlage bei innovationsintensiven Tätigkeitsfeldern sein, in denen die hohen Anforderungen an aktuelles Wissen, Belastbarkeit und Kreativität nach dem "Defizit-Modell" des Alterns eher mit Jugend assoziiert werden. Folglich müssten Unternehmen besonders in innovationsnahen Tätigkeiten der Industrie eine rapide Verjüngung anstreben. Eine Untersuchung der westdeutschen Industrie zwischen 1990 und 1996 zeigt jedoch, dass es bei "Innovatoren" (Ingenieure, Techniker) keinen überdurchschnittlichen altersselektiven Personalabbau gegeben hat. Vielmehr ist die allgemeine "Verjüngung" der Industriebelegschaften auf den deutlichen Personalabbau in der Großindustrie, der im Wesentlichen über Altersabgänge geregelt wurde, zurückzuführen. In der Entwicklung der industriellen Personalstruktur findet sich also kein Beleg für die These vom Alter als spezifisches Innovationsproblem

ASAS-SN follow-up of IceCube high-energy neutrino alerts

We report on the search for optical counterparts to IceCube neutrino alerts released between April 2016 and August 2021 with the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN). Despite the discovery of a diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino flux in 2013, the source of those neutrinos remains largely unknown. Since 2016, IceCube has published likely-astrophysical neutrinos as public realtime alerts. Through a combination of normal survey and triggered target-of-opportunity observations, ASAS-SN obtained images within 1 hour of the neutrino detection for 20% (11) of all observable IceCube alerts and within one day for another 57% (32). For all observable alerts, we obtained images within at least two weeks from the neutrino alert. ASAS-SN provides the only optical follow-up for about 17% of IceCube's neutrino alerts. We recover the two previously claimed counterparts to neutrino alerts, the flaring-blazar TXS 0506+056 and the tidal disruption event AT2019dsg. We investigate the light curves of previously-detected transients in the alert footprints, but do not identify any further candidate neutrino sources. We also analysed the optical light curves of Fermi 4FGL sources coincident with high-energy neutrino alerts, but do not identify any contemporaneous flaring activity. Finally, we derive constraints on the luminosity functions of neutrino sources for a range of assumed evolution models

Searches for Neutrinos from Gamma-Ray Bursts Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered as promising sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) due to their large power output. Observing a neutrino flux from GRBs would offer evidence that GRBs are hadronic accelerators of UHECRs. Previous IceCube analyses, which primarily focused on neutrinos arriving in temporal coincidence with the prompt gamma-rays, found no significant neutrino excess. The four analyses presented in this paper extend the region of interest to 14 days before and after the prompt phase, including generic extended time windows and targeted precursor searches. GRBs were selected between 2011 May and 2018 October to align with the data set of candidate muon-neutrino events observed by IceCube. No evidence of correlation between neutrino events and GRBs was found in these analyses. Limits are set to constrain the contribution of the cosmic GRB population to the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube. Prompt neutrino emission from GRBs is limited to ≲1% of the observed diffuse neutrino flux, and emission on timescales up to 104 s is constrained to 24% of the total diffuse flux.Peer Reviewe

Bistable Percepts in the Brain: fMRI Contrasts Monocular Pattern Rivalry and Binocular Rivalry

The neural correlates of binocular rivalry have been actively debated in recent years, and are of considerable interest as they may shed light on mechanisms of conscious awareness. In a related phenomenon, monocular rivalry, a composite image is shown to both eyes. The subject experiences perceptual alternations in which the two stimulus components alternate in clarity or salience. The experience is similar to perceptual alternations in binocular rivalry, although the reduction in visibility of the suppressed component is greater for binocular rivalry, especially at higher stimulus contrasts. We used fMRI at 3T to image activity in visual cortex while subjects perceived either monocular or binocular rivalry, or a matched non-rivalrous control condition. The stimulus patterns were left/right oblique gratings with the luminance contrast set at 9%, 18% or 36%. Compared to a blank screen, both binocular and monocular rivalry showed a U-shaped function of activation as a function of stimulus contrast, i.e. higher activity for most areas at 9% and 36%. The sites of cortical activation for monocular rivalry included occipital pole (V1, V2, V3), ventral temporal, and superior parietal cortex. The additional areas for binocular rivalry included lateral occipital regions, as well as inferior parietal cortex close to the temporoparietal junction (TPJ). In particular, higher-tier areas MT+ and V3A were more active for binocular than monocular rivalry for all contrasts. In comparison, activation in V2 and V3 was reduced for binocular compared to monocular rivalry at the higher contrasts that evoked stronger binocular perceptual suppression, indicating that the effects of suppression are not limited to interocular suppression in V1

A Search for Neutrinos from Decaying Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters and Galaxies with IceCube

The observed dark matter abundance in the Universe can be explained with non-thermal, heavy dark matter models. In order for dark matter to still be present today, its lifetime has to far exceed the age of the Universe. In these scenarios, dark matter decay can produce highly energetic neutrinos, along with other Standard Model particles. To date, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the world’s largest neutrino telescope, located at the geographic South Pole. In 2013, the IceCube collaboration reported the first observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Since then, IceCube has collected a large amount of astrophysical neutrino data with energies up to tens of PeV, allowing us to probe the heavy dark matter models using neutrinos. We search the IceCube data for neutrinos from decaying dark matter in galaxy clusters and galaxies. The targeted dark matter masses range from 10 TeV to 10 PeV. In this contribution, we present the method and sensitivities of the analysis

Testing Hadronic Interaction Models with Cosmic Ray Measurements at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory provides the opportunity to perform unique measurements of cosmic-ray air showers with its combination of a surface array and a deep detector. Electromagnetic particles and low-energy muons (∼GeV) are detected by IceTop, while a bundle of high-energy muons (>~400 GeV) can be measured in coincidence in IceCube. Predictions of air-shower observables based on simulations show a strong dependence on the choice of the high-energy hadronic interaction model. By reconstructing different composition-dependent observables, one can provide strong tests of hadronic interaction models, as these measurements should be consistent with one another. In this work, we present an analysis of air-shower data between 2.5 and 80 PeV, comparing the composition interpretation of measurements of the surface muon density, the slope of the IceTop lateral distribution function, and the energy loss of the muon bundle, using the models Sibyll 2.1, QGSJet-II.04 and EPOS-LHC. We observe inconsistencies in all models under consideration, suggesting they do not give an adequate description of experimental data. The results furthermore imply a significant uncertainty in the determination of the cosmic-ray mass composition through indirect measurements