THE MANIFESTATION OF VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL SYMBOLIC MEANS IN THE SYSTEM OF CULTURAL CONSTANTS "SUPERIOR - INFERIOR"

The article deals with symbolic signs, which, being instruments of social regulation, use the language according to the social position of the communicant. These symbols of power and subordination in society contribute to the consolidation of the dichotomy "superior" - "lower" in the performance of the function of regulating social relations and the function of social orientation

Non-additivity in the solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds and estimation of their sublimation enthalpies at 298 K

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. In the present work, we have developed an additivity scheme for the calculation of solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds capable of hydrogen bond formation with solvent. The solvation enthalpies of these compounds were calculated using an additivity scheme and taking into account the contribution due to hydrogen bond formation between solute and solvent. This contribution was calculated using several different equations which connected the enthalpies of hydrogen bonds with frequency shifts of N–H stretching vibrations. The efficiency of the scheme for calculating the enthalpies of solvation was tested on the heterocyclic NH-containing compounds in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of heterocyclic NH-containing compounds at 298.15 K were estimated using experimentally measured solution enthalpies and estimated values of solvation enthalpies. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies obtained in the present work are in good agreement with available literature data. The solution enthalpies of nineteen heterocyclic compounds were measured experimentally in the present work

Analysis of epidemiologic situation of cholera in 2012 in Kazakhstan

In the world the tendency of growth of cholera cases has been increasing. In Kazakhstan in 2011 epidemic cholera strains were isolated from the environment. In 2012 the cholera situation was quite stable. The cholera strains were isolated from the environment. Strains V. cholerae non O1 were isolated from people. But all isolated strains were not hazardous. By the complex of factors the South. Kazakhstan. Region is more cholera unfavorable region in Kazakhsta

Sex-Specific Genetic Structure and Social Organization in Central Asia: Insights from a Multi-Locus Study

In the last two decades, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) have been extensively used in order to measure the maternally and paternally inherited genetic structure of human populations, and to infer sex-specific demography and history. Most studies converge towards the notion that among populations, women are genetically less structured than men. This has been mainly explained by a higher migration rate of women, due to patrilocality, a tendency for men to stay in their birthplace while women move to their husband's house. Yet, since population differentiation depends upon the product of the effective number of individuals within each deme and the migration rate among demes, differences in male and female effective numbers and sex-biased dispersal have confounding effects on the comparison of genetic structure as measured by uniparentally inherited markers. In this study, we develop a new multi-locus approach to analyze jointly autosomal and X-linked markers in order to aid the understanding of sex-specific contributions to population differentiation. We show that in patrilineal herder groups of Central Asia, in contrast to bilineal agriculturalists, the effective number of women is higher than that of men. We interpret this result, which could not be obtained by the analysis of mtDNA and NRY alone, as the consequence of the social organization of patrilineal populations, in which genetically related men (but not women) tend to cluster together. This study suggests that differences in sex-specific migration rates may not be the only cause of contrasting male and female differentiation in humans, and that differences in effective numbers do matter

Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally dominant crop and major source of calories and proteins for the human diet. Compared with its wild ancestors, modern bread wheat shows lower genetic diversity, caused by polyploidisation, domestication and breeding bottlenecks. Wild wheat relatives represent genetic reservoirs, and harbour diversity and beneficial alleles that have not been incorporated into bread wheat. Here we establish and analyse extensive genome resources for Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), the donor of the bread wheat D genome. Our analysis of 46 Ae. tauschii genomes enabled us to clone a disease resistance gene and perform haplotype analysis across a complex disease resistance locus, allowing us to discern alleles from paralogous gene copies. We also reveal the complex genetic composition and history of the bread wheat D genome, which involves contributions from genetically and geographically discrete Ae. tauschii subpopulations. Together, our results reveal the complex history of the bread wheat D genome and demonstrate the potential of wild relatives in crop improvement

Non-additivity in the solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds and estimation of their sublimation enthalpies at 298 K

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. In the present work, we have developed an additivity scheme for the calculation of solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds capable of hydrogen bond formation with solvent. The solvation enthalpies of these compounds were calculated using an additivity scheme and taking into account the contribution due to hydrogen bond formation between solute and solvent. This contribution was calculated using several different equations which connected the enthalpies of hydrogen bonds with frequency shifts of N–H stretching vibrations. The efficiency of the scheme for calculating the enthalpies of solvation was tested on the heterocyclic NH-containing compounds in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of heterocyclic NH-containing compounds at 298.15 K were estimated using experimentally measured solution enthalpies and estimated values of solvation enthalpies. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies obtained in the present work are in good agreement with available literature data. The solution enthalpies of nineteen heterocyclic compounds were measured experimentally in the present work

Non-additivity in the solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds and estimation of their sublimation enthalpies at 298 K

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. In the present work, we have developed an additivity scheme for the calculation of solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds capable of hydrogen bond formation with solvent. The solvation enthalpies of these compounds were calculated using an additivity scheme and taking into account the contribution due to hydrogen bond formation between solute and solvent. This contribution was calculated using several different equations which connected the enthalpies of hydrogen bonds with frequency shifts of N–H stretching vibrations. The efficiency of the scheme for calculating the enthalpies of solvation was tested on the heterocyclic NH-containing compounds in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of heterocyclic NH-containing compounds at 298.15 K were estimated using experimentally measured solution enthalpies and estimated values of solvation enthalpies. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies obtained in the present work are in good agreement with available literature data. The solution enthalpies of nineteen heterocyclic compounds were measured experimentally in the present work

Non-additivity in the solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds and estimation of their sublimation enthalpies at 298 K

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. In the present work, we have developed an additivity scheme for the calculation of solvation enthalpies of NH-containing compounds capable of hydrogen bond formation with solvent. The solvation enthalpies of these compounds were calculated using an additivity scheme and taking into account the contribution due to hydrogen bond formation between solute and solvent. This contribution was calculated using several different equations which connected the enthalpies of hydrogen bonds with frequency shifts of N–H stretching vibrations. The efficiency of the scheme for calculating the enthalpies of solvation was tested on the heterocyclic NH-containing compounds in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of heterocyclic NH-containing compounds at 298.15 K were estimated using experimentally measured solution enthalpies and estimated values of solvation enthalpies. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies obtained in the present work are in good agreement with available literature data. The solution enthalpies of nineteen heterocyclic compounds were measured experimentally in the present work

Lifetime of earth dams

The level of safety of small earth dams, operating without staff and measurement and control equipment, are considered in this study. Approach enabling the possibility to define the finite lifetime (Tf) of a small earth dam here presented. The proposed approach does not require any variables monitoring. It is based on the definition of Tf by assessing the water impact on the small earth dams by quantitative methods of system analysis. To assess the earth dam Tf, two approaches are offered, which based on the digraph method. They are the classification scale construction and the cluster method. On a quantitative base the Tf of small dam on urban area can be defined as the minimum between the two (75 year for the classification scale and 80 for the clustering), which is however well above the Russian regulations, which indicate a period of 50 years (design life). The estimated value allows defining robustness of earth dam and can be used as a criterion for safety management of earth dams, defining the needs to undertake actions to improve, during the life cycle, earth dam structural features. © Titova T.S.,Longobardi A.,Akhtyamov R.G.,Nasyrova E.S., 2017