16,217 research outputs found
Charging axisymmetric space-times with cosmological constant
Ernst's solution generating technique for adding electromagnetic charge to
axisymmetric space-times in general relativity is generalised in presence of
the cosmological constant. Ernst equations for complex potentials are found and
they are traced back to an affective dual complex dynamical system, whose
symmetries are studied. In particular this method is able to generate charged,
asymptotically (A)dS black holes from their uncharged version: as an example,
it is shown explicitly how to pass from the Kerr-(A)dS to the Kerr-Newman-(A)dS
metric. A new solution describing a magnetic universe in presence of the
cosmological constant is also generated.Comment: 15 pages, v2: typos correcte
Partitioning of energy in highly polydisperse granular gases
A highly polydisperse granular gas is modeled by a continuous distribution of
particle sizes, a, giving rise to a corresponding continuous temperature
profile, T(a), which we compute approximately, generalizing previous results
for binary or multicomponent mixtures. If the system is driven, it evolves
towards a stationary temperature profile, which is discussed for several
driving mechanisms in dependence on the variance of the size distribution. For
a uniform distribution of sizes, the stationary temperature profile is
nonuniform with either hot small particles (constant force driving) or hot
large particles (constant velocity or constant energy driving). Polydispersity
always gives rise to non-Gaussian velocity distributions. Depending on the
driving mechanism the tails can be either overpopulated or underpopulated as
compared to the molecular gas. The deviations are mainly due to small
particles. In the case of free cooling the decay rate depends continuously on
particle size, while all partial temperatures decay according to Haff's law.
The analytical results are supported by event driven simulations for a large,
but discrete number of species.Comment: 10 pages; 5 figure
Incidental threat during visuospatial working memory in adolescent anxiety: an emotional memory-guided saccade task
BackgroundPediatric anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric mental illnesses in children and adolescents, and are associated with abnormal cognitive control in emotional, particularly threat, contexts. In a series of studies using eye movement saccade tasks, we reported anxiety-related alterations in the interplay of inhibitory control with incentives, or with emotional distractors. The present study extends these findings to working memory (WM), and queries the interaction of spatial WM with emotional stimuli in pediatric clinical anxiety.
MethodsParticipants were 33 children/adolescents diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, and 22 age-matched healthy comparison youths. Participants completed a novel eye movement task, an affective variant of the memory-guided saccade task. This task assessed the influence of incidental threat on spatial WM processes during high and low cognitive load.
ResultsHealthy but not anxious children/adolescents showed slowed saccade latencies during incidental threat in low-load but not high-load WM conditions. No other group effects emerged on saccade latency or accuracy.
ConclusionsThe current data suggest a differential pattern of how emotion interacts with cognitive control in healthy youth relative to anxious youth. These findings extend data from inhibitory processes, reported previously, to spatial WM in pediatric anxiety
Randomly Driven Granular Fluids: collisional statistics and short scale structure
We present a molecular dynamics and kinetic theory study of granular
material, modeled by inelastic hard disks, fluidized by a random driving force.
The focus is on collisional averages and short distance correlations in the
non-equilibrium steady state, in order to analyze in a quantitative manner the
breakdown of molecular chaos, i.e. factorization of the two-particle
distribution function,
in a product of single particle ones, where
with and represents the position correlation. We have found that
molecular chaos is only violated in a small region of the two-particle phase
space , where there is a predominance of grazing collisions. The
size of this singular region grows with increasing inelasticity. The existence
of particle- and noise-induced recollisions magnifies the departure from mean
field behavior. The implications of this breakdown in several physical
quantities are explored.Comment: 28 pages, 16 figure
Long-Time Behavior of Velocity Autocorrelation Function for Interacting Particles in a Two-Dimensional Disordered System
The long-time behavior of the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) is
investigated by the molecular dynamics simulation of a two-dimensional system
which has both a many-body interaction and a random potential. With
strengthening the random potential by increasing the density of impurities, a
crossover behavior of the VACF is observed from a positive tail, which is
proportional to t^{-1}, to a negative tail, proportional to -t^{-2}. The latter
tail exists even when the density of particles is the same order as the density
of impurities. The behavior of the VACF in a nonequilibrium steady state is
also studied. In the linear response regime the behavior is similar to that in
the equilibrium state, whereas it changes drastically in the nonlinear response
regime.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Velocity Tails for Inelastic Maxwell Models
We study the velocity distribution function for inelastic Maxwell models,
characterized by a Boltzmann equation with constant collision rate, independent
of the energy of the colliding particles. By means of a nonlinear analysis of
the Boltzmann equation, we find that the velocity distribution function decays
algebraically for large velocities, with exponents that are analytically
calculated.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Quantum information processing using strongly-dipolar coupled nuclear spins
Dipolar coupled homonuclear spins present challenging, yet useful systems for
quantum information processing. In such systems, eigenbasis of the system
Hamiltonian is the appropriate computational basis and coherent control can be
achieved by specially designed strongly modulating pulses. In this letter we
describe the first experimental implementation of the quantum algorithm for
numerical gradient estimation on the eigenbasis of a four spin system.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in PR
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