Влияние антропогенных нагрузок на энергетические запасы мидий Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.

Дослiджено вмiст глiкогену та сумарних лiпiдiв у мiдiй Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. з двох станцiй Одеської затоки з рiзним антропогенним навантаженням. Встановлено, що поблизу випуску очисних споруд вмiст глiкогену в гонадах молюскiв в 1,7, в гепатопанкреасi в 1,4 та в зябрах в 1,9 раза менший, нiж у районi м. Великий Фонтан. У районi випуску очисних споруд вмiст сумарних лiпiдiв у гепатопанкреасi мiдiй в 1,5 раза нижчий, нiж у районi м. Великий Фонтан. Рiзницi у вмiстi сумарних лiпiдiв у гонадах та зябрах мiдiй не виявлено.The glycogen and lipids contents in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.) are studied on two stations in the Odessa Bay (Ukraine) under the influence of different anthropogenic loads. It has been established that, near the water treatment plant, the glycogen content in mussels in gonads was 1.7, in the hepatopancreas 1.4 and in the gills — 1.9 times less than that in the relatively clean area near the Cape Bolshoi Fontan. For lipids, it was 1.5 times less in hepatopancreas near the water treatment plant. No difference was noted for the lipids in mussel gonads and gills

Special features of corporate budget planning: Contemporary approach

The purpose of this article was to study budgeting process from the point of its structure, analyze the Russian and European models of budget plannin

Conceptual and mathematical models, methods, and technologies for the study of the digital transformation of economic and social systems: a literature review and research agenda (Part I)

The research review of the subject field on the research of the digital transformation of economic and social systems is carried out. The research includes two parts. In the frost part the conceptual and mathematical models based on them research considered to apply digital technologies for various types of activities. Based on the systematic use of the review of the subject field, a complex of “white spots” is revealed — inconsistencies of the conceptual and mathematical models necessary in practice, methods of mathematical research of digital transformation of systems of different types, on the one hand, and the available theoretical means for such research, on the other. A significant amount of such inconsistencies is caused by insufficient investigation of the complex of pragmatic, practical aspects of activity based on mathematical forecasting of the results of using modern (digital) technologies in systems of various types. We proved that a pragmatic mathematical study of activity could make it possible to design and improve the digital transformation of systems of different types. We could do such a study by evaluating the activity results, analyzing them using mathematical models, and then synthesizing the activity with mathematical methods based on the analysis of the effects of using information technologies. Such a synthesis can, for example, provide the best results of activities due to the choice of the composition and characteristics of digital technologies

Conceptual and Mathematical Models, Methods, and Technologies for the Study of the Digital Transformation of Economic and Social Systems: A Literature Review and Research Agenda (Part II)

The results of the review of the subject field on the research of the digital transformation of economic and social systems is carried out (part II). We reviewed main theoretical, mathematical tools which could allow solving unsolved problems. The review of such main theoretical tools that can become the basis for developing the “activity paradigm” of research is carried out

Cu Zn disorder in stoichiometric Cu2ZnSn S1 xSex 4 semiconductors A complementary neutron and anomalous X ray diffraction study

The quaternary compound semiconductor Cu2ZnSn S1 xSex 4 CZTSSe which crystallizes in the kesterite type structure, is a promising material to be used as p type absorber layer in thin film solar cell applications based on earth abundant elements. The absorber band tailing caused by an exceptionally high Cu Zn disorder is believed to be one of the reasons for the limited open circuit voltage in CZTSSe based photovoltaic devices. This work is an experimental study of the Cu Zn disorder in a unique set of single phase, stoichiometric CZTSSe mixed crystals, synthesized by solid state reaction, by means of neutron powder diffraction and anomalous X ray powder diffraction. The existence of Cu Zn disorder was revealed as the only intrinsic point defect in these mixed crystals within the detection limits of our measurements. The order parameter Q was calculated on the basis of the occurring CuZn and ZnCu anti site defects causing the Cu Zn disorder. Variations of the order parameter with anion composition and the effect on the optoelectronic properties of the partial substitution of Se with S in Cu2ZnSn S1 xSex 4 was elaborate

Pairing of applicants’ CJM with university profile in digital environment as a management task

The work is devoted to the application of the Customer Journey Map (CJM) for university applicants and managerial tasks of adapting the profile of the university in the digital environment to the trajectories of the consumer. The author’s definition of the “profile of the university in the digital environment” concept is offered, the analysis of statistical data of university websites is made. The combination of classical studies of applicants’ motivation and factors influencing enrollment in a particular university with modern methods of studying consumer behavior in the digital environment allows to increase the effectiveness of the admission campaign. Customer Journey Map as an analysis tool, in conjunction with the data of network traffic allows to optimize all types of communications of the university and provide its management with necessary information when making managerial decisions. The research revealed an insignificant influence of the university social networks and thematic groups on the decision to enroll to a particular university, which what caused a deeper study of visitors’ behavior on the university websites. Internet traffic activity for a number of universities was assessed as direct requests, through search services, social networks, mail servers, as well as through referral links, and advertising traffic. The study showed that search engines and direct queries gave the maximum value for traffic. But the effectiveness of advertising to attract applicants is rather low, which indicates the insignificant role of university advertising and confirms the data of the survey in the construction of the Customer Journey Map

Structural and Optoelectronic Characterization of AgxCu1 x ZnSnSe4 solid solution

As the open circuit voltage in CZTSSe devices is believed to be limited by absorber band tailing caused by the exceptionally high density of Cu Zn disorder, replacing of Cu with Ag this density is predicted to drop. In this study, neutron diffraction and diffuse reflectance were applied to evaluate the crystal structure and optoelectronic properties of the Ag 1 x Cu x 2 ZnSnSe 4 solid solution ACZTSe . The results allow us to suggest that in spite of both end members of the solid solution being reported to crystallize in kesterite type structure, at least Ag 1 x Cu x 2 ZnSnSe4 with x 0.17 and 0.46 crystallize in the stannite type structure and thus block Cu Zn disorde

Structural characterization of off stoichiometric kesterite type Cu2ZnGeSe4 compound semiconductors from cation distribution to intrinsic point defect density

The substitution of Ge4 for Sn4 in Cu2ZnSn S,Se 4 CZTSSe kesterite type absorber layers for thin film solar cells has proven to enhance the opto electronic properties of the material. By cationic substitution, in general, the optical bandgap can be more readily designed for the purpose of bandgap engineering, and the substitution of Sn4 by Ge4 , in particular, widens the optical bandgap such that it can be employed both for photovoltaics as well as solar fuel quarrying by photocatalytic water splitting. This work is an experimental study of intrinsic point defects in off stoichiometric kesterite type Cu2ZnGeSe4 CZGSe by means of neutron powder diffraction. We revealed the existence of copper vacancies VCu , various cation antisite defects CuZn, ZnCu, ZnGe, CuGe as well as interstitials Cui, Zni in a wide range of off stoichiometric polycrystalline material synthesized by solid state reaction. In addition to the off stoichiometry type specific defects, Cu Zn disorder is always present in the kesterite type CZGSe phase. While compositional changes are clearly reflected by the tetragonal deformation c 2a, the lattice parameters a, c seem differently responding to point defect types and concentration variations, respectively. The CuGe antisite defect which is known to greatly deteriorate the opto electronic properties exists only in Cu rich CZGSe, but appears already in CZGSe with Cu Zn Ge amp; 8776;1. Furthermore we showed by diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imaging a widening of the energy bandgap in off stoichiometric kesterite type CZGSe with decreasing Cu Zn G

Routes to develop a [S]/([S]+[Se]) gradient in wide band-gap Cu2ZnGe(S,Se)4 thin-film solar cells

Wide band-gap kesterite-based solar cells are very attractive to be used for tandem devices as well as for semi-transparent photovoltaic cells. Here, Cu2ZnGe(S,Se)4 (CZGSSe) thin films have been grown by sulfurization of co-evaporated Cu2ZnGeSe4. The influence of a NaF precursor layer and of a Se capping film on CZGSSe absorbers and solar cells has been investigated. It has been found that the distribution of [S]/([S]+[Se]) through the CZGSSe absorber layer is strongly dependent on the Na content. Na promotes the diffusion of S towards the bulk of the absorber layer. Thicker NaF layers>6 nm lead to a higher S content in the bulk of the absorber layer, but to a decreased accumulation of sulphur at the surface, as detected by GIXRD, GD-OES, and Raman spectroscopy measurements. A relationship between Jsc, FF and Na-content supplied was found; higher Na content resulted in improved solar cell efficiencies. It has also been possible to modify the [S]/([S]+[Se])-gradient throughout the CZGSSe film by the absence of the Se capping layer, achieving devices with 2.7% performance and Eg = 2.0 eV. This work reveals two ways to control the [S]/([S]+[Se]) depth-profile to produce wide band gap CZGSSe absorber layers for efficient solar cells