Mitochondrial regulation of local supply of energy in neurons

Brain computation is metabolically expensive and requires the supply of significant amounts of energy. Mitochondria are highly specialized organelles whose main function is to generate cellular energy. Due to their complex morphologies, neurons are especially dependent on a set of tools necessary to regulate mitochondrial function locally in order to match energy provision with local demands. By regulating mitochondrial transport, neurons control the local availability of mitochondrial mass in response to changes in synaptic activity. Neurons also modulate mitochondrial dynamics locally to adjust metabolic efficiency with energetic demand. Additionally, neurons remove inefficient mitochondria through mitophagy. Neurons coordinate these processes through signalling pathways that couple energetic expenditure with energy availability. When these mechanisms fail, neurons can no longer support brain function giving rise to neuropathological states like metabolic syndromes or neurodegeneration

Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ Uniporter haploinsufficiency enhances long-term potentiation at hippocampal mossy fibre synapses

Long-term changes in synaptic strength form the basis of learning and memory. These changes rely upon energy demanding mechanisms which are regulated by local Ca2+ signaling. Mitochondria are optimised for providing energy and buffering Ca2+. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in regulating synaptic plasticity is incomplete. Here we have used optical and electrophysiological techniques in cultured hippocampal neurons and ex vivo hippocampal slices from mice with haploinsufficiency of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU+/-) to address whether reducing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake alters synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that cultured MCU+/- hippocampal neurons have impaired Ca2+ clearance, and consequently enhanced synaptic vesicle fusion at presynapses occupied by mitochondria. Furthermore, long-term potentiation (LTP) at mossy fibre (MF) synapses, a process which is dependent on presynaptic Ca2+ accumulation, is enhanced in MCU+/- slices. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for mitochondria in regulating presynaptic plasticity of a major excitatory pathway involved in learning and memory

Non-daily current affairs information in prime time: formats and programming strategies in Spanish generalist television (1990-2016)

This paper investigates the evolution of non-daily current affairs formats –other than the news– in the prime time of Spanish generalist television between 1990 and 2016. Analysing the programming content of six channels (TVE, La2, Antena 3, Telecinco, Cuatro and La Sexta), we have studied the presence, typology and strategies of the programmers to incorporate them into the offer of prime time. The longitudinal sample allows us to detect the tendencies that have influenced the audiovisual treatment of the non-daily current affairs information in the most competitive television time slot. The result of the analysis shows that the most important topics on current affairs such as politics, or the economy, have been integrated into the prime time. In addition, there has been a recovery of analytical genres such as the television reportage to explain topics of current interest. This new informative offer, much more innovative in the treatment, has enabled new programming strategies to be applied to the non-daily current affairs formats in order to improve their profitability.This paper investigates the evolution of non-daily current affairs formats –other than the news– in the prime time of Spanish generalist television between 1990 and 2016. Analysing the programming content of six channels (TVE, La2, Antena 3, Telecinco, Cuatro and La Sexta), we have studied the presence, typology and strategies of the programmers to incorporate them into the offer of prime time. The longitudinal sample allows us to detect the tendencies that have influenced the audiovisual treatment of the non-daily current affairs information in the most competitive television time slot. The result of the analysis shows that the most important topics on current affairs such as politics, or the economy, have been integrated into the prime time. In addition, there has been a recovery of analytical genres such as the television reportage to explain topics of current interest. This new informative offer, much more innovative in the treatment, has enabled new programming strategies to be applied to the non-daily current affairs formats in order to improve their profitability

Experimental and theoretical study of line mixing in methane spectra. IV. Influence of the temperature and of the band

The infrared bands line-mixing effects of methane perturbed by nitrogen were discussed at different pressures. The spectral shapes of the ν2, ν4 and ν3 bands were compared at room temperature while the ν3 region was employed for the investigation of thermal effects. The effects of collisions in the ν4 region's spectra were calculated at the room temperature. The Coriolis coupling between ν2 and ν4 vibrational states resulted in the failure of evolution modeling with increasing pressure of absorption.© 2000 American Institute of PhysicsPeer Reviewe

Screening of Iberian Coinage in the 2(th)-1(th) BCE Period Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: A. Doménech-Carbó, M. T. Doménech-Carbó, C. Álvarez-Romero, T. Pasíes, M. Buendía, Electroanalysis 2019, 31, 1164, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900090. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) was applied for grouping a series of 86 Iberian coins nominally minted in the cities of Iltirta, Castulo and Obulco in the 2(th)-1(th) BCE period for which there are no chronological data. Using characteristic signatures for the reduction of cuprite, tenorite and lead corrosion products in the patina of the coins, voltammetric grouping of coins was proposed. Voltammetric data were found to be consistent with textural and compositional properties of the surface and subsurface of selected coins using FIB-FESEM-EDX. The obtained data confirmed a clear separation between the productions of Iltirta on one side, and those of Castulo and Obulco on the other side, indicating the possibility to establish a rough chronology for these productions.Project CTQ2017-85317-C2-1-P, supported with Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF) and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish also to thank Mr. Manuel Planes and Dr. Jose Luis Moya, technical supervisors of the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Thanks to Manuel Gozalbes for his technical assistance in the numismatic domain and Gonzalo Cores and the Museu de Prehistrica de Valencia for facilitating the access to its collections.Doménech-Carbó, A.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Álvarez-Romero, C.; Pasíes, T.; Buendía, M. (2019). Screening of Iberian Coinage in the 2(th)-1(th) BCE Period Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles. Electroanalysis. 31(6):1164-1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900090S11641173316P. P. Ripollès V. Heuchert A. Burnett Coinage and identity in the Roman provinces Oxford University Press London 79 93M. Gozalbes Circulación y uso de los denarios ibéricos in M. Campo Ús i circulació de la moneda a la Hispania Citerior XIII Curs d'història monetària d'Hispania Museu de Prehistòria de València València 83 103Constantinides, I., Gritsch, M., Adriaens, A., Hutter, H., & Adams, F. (2001). Microstructural characterisation of five simulated archaeological copper alloys using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 440(2), 189-198. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01061-3Linke, R., & Schreiner, M. (2000). 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Miro proteins coordinate microtubule- and actin-dependent mitochondrial transport and distribution

In the current model of mitochondrial trafficking, Miro1 and Miro2 Rho-GTPases regulate mitochondrial transport along microtubules by linking mitochondria to kinesin and dynein motors. By generating Miro1/2 double-knockout mouse embryos and single- and double-knockout embryonic fibroblasts, we demonstrate the essential and non-redundant roles of Miro proteins for embryonic development and subcellular mitochondrial distribution. Unexpectedly, the TRAK1 and TRAK2 motor protein adaptors can still localise to the outer mitochondrial membrane to drive anterograde mitochondrial motility in Miro1/2 double-knockout cells. In contrast, we show that TRAK2-mediated retrograde mitochondrial transport is Miro1-dependent. Interestingly, we find that Miro is critical for recruiting and stabilising the mitochondrial myosin Myo19 on the mitochondria for coupling mitochondria to the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, Miro depletion during PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy can also drive a loss of mitochondrial Myo19 upon mitochondrial damage. Finally, aberrant positioning of mitochondria in Miro1/2 double-knockout cells leads to disruption of correct mitochondrial segregation during mitosis. Thus, Miro proteins can fine-tune actin- and tubulin-dependent mitochondrial motility and positioning, to regulate key cellular functions such as cell proliferation

Application specific photonic integrated circuits through generic integration, a novel paradigm in photonics

[EN] This paper reviews our recent work on integrating photonic devices and sub-systems onto a single photonic chip, by means of generic integration.This work has been partially funded through the Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011 project ”Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguide eNgineering (CROWN)” grant no. TEC2008-06145/ TEC, by the Generalitat Valenciana through project PROMETEO/2008/092 and by the EC FP6 contract no. 004525 ePIXnet. J.D. Doménech acknowledges the FPI research grant BES-2009-018381.Muñoz Muñoz, P.; Doménech Gómez, JD.; Artundo Martínez, I.; Habib, C.; Leijtens, X.; De Vries, T.; Robbins, D.... (2011). Application specific photonic integrated circuits through generic integration, a novel paradigm in photonics. Waves. 3:58-64. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/57675S5864

Multi-wavelength laser based on an arrayed waveguide grating and Sagnac loop reflectors monolithically integrated on InP

In this paper, a multi-wavelength laser monolithically integrated on InP is presented. A linear laser cavity is built between two integrated Sagnac loop reflectors, with an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) as frequency selective device, and Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA) as gain sections. The power is out coupled from the cavity using a side diffraction order of the AWG. Simultaneous laser operation is provided for four wavelengths/cavities in the device. The termination of the laser cavities with integrated Sagnac loop reflectors avoids using high reflection coating. Only anti-reflection coating is used in the output facet of the chip

InP monolithically integrated label swapper device for spectral amplitude coded optical packet networks

In this paper a label swapping device, for spectral amplitude coded optical packet networks, fully integrated using InP technology is presented. Compared to previous demonstrations using discrete component assembly, the device footprint is reduced by a factor of 105 and the operation speed is increased by a factor of 103. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a totally integrated label swapping device

InP monolithically integrated label swapper device for spectral amplitude coded optical packet networks

In this paper a label swapping device, for spectral amplitude coded optical packet networks, fully integrated using InP technology is presented. Compared to previous demonstrations using discrete component assembly, the device footprint is reduced by a factor of 105 and the operation speed is increased by a factor of 103. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a totally integrated label swapping device