Community-based education in Benin: a socio-anthropological appraisal of the social players’ perception of state

Many strategies are adopted by various stakeholders to promote education in the world as a whole, and in Benin in particular. This research work revisits the traditional conception of state-oriented and local management of international reforms proposed in order to resolve crisis situations in Africa in general and Benin in particular. This work focuses on the implementation of "partnership" in the sector of education. One of the guidelines of the 1990 Jomtien Conference has highlighted the dynamics surrounding this partnership and its implications for the perceptions that social actors' develop about the state. The methodological approach adopted is the classic socio-anthropological one, which is intended to be as close as possible to the experiences of social actors. This is concretely based on interviews and empirical observations. The findings reveal that, while the call for partnerships has gone through the process of bringing under state control through the mobilization of different types of actors and resources for promoting a pro-mass education, it has also contributed to deconstructing the traditional conception of the state and building social actors' perceptions about it

Schmidt balls around the identity

Robustness measures as introduced by Vidal and Tarrach [PRA, 59, 141-155] quantify the extent to which entangled states remain entangled under mixing. Analogously, we introduce here the Schmidt robustness and the random Schmidt robustness. The latter notion is closely related to the construction of Schmidt balls around the identity. We analyse the situation for pure states and provide non-trivial upper and lower bounds. Upper bounds to the random Schmidt-2 robustness allow us to construct a particularly simple distillability criterion. We present two conjectures, the first one is related to the radius of inner balls around the identity in the convex set of Schmidt number n-states. We also conjecture a class of optimal Schmidt witnesses for pure states.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Motion during Acquisition is Associated with fMRI Brain Entropy

This work was funded by the University of Aberdeen Development Trust (DT OL1134), and the Wellcome Trust (104036/Z/14/Z).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Síntese de frutooligossacarídeos a partir da β-frutofuranosidase obtida de Penicillium citreonigrum URM 4459

O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) a partir da β-frutofuranosidase (FTase) produzida em biorreator utilizando células livres de Penicillium citreonigrum. Para isso, o fungo foi cultivado em meio rico em sacarose (20% p/v) a 150 rpm, pH 6,5, 28ºC durante 61 h. Ao fim da fermentação, o sobrenadante obtido por filtração foi utilizado para determinação da atividade extracelular e síntese enzimática de FOS utilizando sacarose a 60% (p/v). A máxima atividade da β- frutofuranosidase extracelular produzida em biorreator (232,16 U/mL) foi obtida após 38 h de fermentação (produtividade de 6,11 U/mL.h). A concentração máxima de FOS foi observada após 24h de reação, correspondendo a um consumo de 30% (m/m) da sacarose inicial. O rendimento máximo de FOS obtido foi de 20% (m/m) em relação à concentração inicial de sacarose, resultando em níveis elevados de GF2 (18%, m/m) e baixos rendimentos de GF3 (1,5%, m/m) e GF4 (0,6%, m/m). Os resultados aqui apresentados sugerem utilização do fungo P. citreonigrum em processos que visem à produção de kestose por via enzimática. No entanto, estudos mais aprofundados são necessários para otimizar os parâmetros reacionais, e assim aumentar o rendimento do FOS

Produção simultânea de -fructofuranosidase e fructo-oligossacarídeos por Penicillium citreonigrum URM 4459

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a produção simultânea de -Frutofuranosidase (FFase) e frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) por P. citreonigrum utilizando um planejamento fatorial completo. Para isso, o fungo foi cultivado em meio rico em sacarose (20% p/v) a 150 rpm. As condições de tempo de fermentação, temperatura, pH e concentração de extrato de levedura foram definidas utilizando um planejamento fatorial. Ao fim da fermentação, o sobrenadante obtido por filtração foi utilizado para quantificação de FFase e FOS. Todas as variáveis independentes estudadas exerceram efeito estatisticamente significativo sob a produção de FFase. Por outro lado, apenas as variáveis tempo de fermentação e temperatura exerceram efeito significativo sob a produção do FOS. As condições ideais para produção simultânea de FFase e FOS foram obtidas na região dos pontos centrais, onde obteve-se uma produção média de 93,49 g/L de FOS e uma atividade de 260,40 U/mL de FFase

AI in breast screening mammography : breast screening readers' perspectives

Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the survey respondents for their time and input. We would also like to thank the Scottish Breast Radiology Forum (SBRF) and British Society of Breast Radiology (BSBR) for their aid in dissemination of the survey. Furthermore, we would like to thank Dr Rumana Newlands for her advice on how to perform content analysis and report its results. iCAIRD Radiology Collaboration team members: Harrison D (iCAIRD Director), University of St Andrews. Black C, Murray A and Wilde K, University of Aberdeen. Blackwood JD, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Butterly C and Zurowski J, University of Glasgow. Eilbeck J and McSkimming C, NHS Grampian. Canon Medical Research Europe Ltd. – SHAIP platform. Funding This work is supported by the Industrial Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research in Digital Diagnostics (iCAIRD) which is funded by Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) [project number: 104690]. The funding source was not involved in study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. Author infoPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Service and clinical impacts of reader bias in breast cancer screening : a retrospective study

Acknowledgements iCAIRD Radiology Collaboration: Corri Black, Alison D. Murray and Katie Wilde, University of Aberdeen. James D. Blackwood, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Claire Butterly and John Zurowski, University of Glasgow. Jon Eilbeck and Colin McSkimming, NHS Grampian. Canon Medical Research Europe Ltd. – SHAIP platform. We would like to acknowledge the support of the Grampian Data Safe Haven (DaSH) facility within the Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science and the associated financial support of the University of Aberdeen, and NHS Research Scotland (through NHS Grampian investment in DaSH). Funding This work is supported by the Industrial Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research in Digital Diagnostics (iCAIRD). iCAIRD was funded by Innovate UK on behalf of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) [project number: 104690]. The funders were not involved in the study’s design; the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bound entanglement in quantum phase transitions

We investigate quantum phase transitions in which a change in the type of entanglement from bound entanglement to either free entanglement or separability may occur. In particular, we present a theoretical method to construct a class of quantum spin-chain Hamiltonians that exhibit this type of quantum criticality. Given parameter-dependent two-site reduced density matrices (with prescribed entanglement properties), we lay out a reverse construction for a compatible pure state for the whole system, as well as a class of Hamiltonians for which this pure state is a ground state. This construction is illustrated through several examples.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure