Proximal direct composite restorations and chairside CAD/CAM inlays: Marginal adaptation of a two-step self-etch adhesive with and without selective enamel conditioning

The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of CEREC ceramic inlays, CEREC composite inlays and direct composite restorations in unbeveled proximal slot cavities under artificial aging conditions. Two groups of each restoration type were prepared (n = 6), one group with a self-etch adhesive, the other group with H3PO4 enamel etching before the self-etch adhesive application. Replicas were generated before and after long-term thermo-mechanical loading under dentinal fluid simulation and margins were evaluated at ×200 magnification in the scanning electron miscroscope (SEM). Statistically, significant differences were found before and after loading with respect to the percentages of "continuous margins”, the direct composite filling with H3PO4 enamel etching giving the lowest percentages of "continuous margins” after loading (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of "continuous margin” was attained by composite inlays without H3PO4 enamel etching. However, these results were not significantly different from ceramic inlays after stressing. Polymerization shrinkage is still one critical property of composite restorative materials. The marginal adaptation of indirect adhesive proximal slot restorations without enamel bevels both fabricated out of composite and ceramic is better than that of directly placed composite restoration

The MMP-1/PAR-1 Axis Enhances Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a role in varied forms of developmental and postnatal neuroplasticity. MMP substrates include protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in hippocampus. We examined proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs) from hippocampi of mice that overexpress the potent PAR-1 agonist MMP-1. We found that, as compared to aNPCs from littermate controls, MMP-1 tg aNPCs display enhanced proliferation. Under differentiating conditions, these cells give rise to a higher percentage of MAP-2+ neurons and a reduced number of oligodendrocyte precursors, and no change in the number of astrocytes. The fact that these results are MMP and PAR-1 dependent is supported by studies with distinct antagonists. Moreover, JSH-23, an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, counteracted both the proliferation and differentiation changes seen in MMP-1 tg-derived NPCs. In complementary studies, we found that the percentage of Sox2+ undifferentiated progenitor cells is increased in hippocampi of MMP-1 tg animals, compared to wt mice. Together, these results add to a growing body of data suggesting that MMPs are effectors of hippocampal neuroplasticity in the adult CNS and that the MMP-1/PAR-1 axis may play a role in neurogenesis following physiological and/or pathological stimuli

The MMP-1/PAR-1 Axis Enhances Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Cells

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that play a role in varied forms of developmental and postnatal neuroplasticity. MMP substrates include protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in hippocampus. We examined proliferation and differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (aNPCs) from hippocampi of mice that overexpress the potent PAR-1 agonist MMP-1. We found that, as compared to aNPCs from littermate controls, MMP-1 tg aNPCs display enhanced proliferation. Under differentiating conditions, these cells give rise to a higher percentage of MAP-2+ neurons and a reduced number of oligodendrocyte precursors, and no change in the number of astrocytes. The fact that these results are MMP and PAR-1 dependent is supported by studies with distinct antagonists. Moreover, JSH-23, an inhibitor of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, counteracted both the proliferation and differentiation changes seen in MMP-1 tg-derived NPCs. In complementary studies, we found that the percentage of Sox2+ undifferentiated progenitor cells is increased in hippocampi of MMP-1 tg animals, compared to wt mice. Together, these results add to a growing body of data suggesting that MMPs are effectors of hippocampal neuroplasticity in the adult CNS and that the MMP-1/PAR-1 axis may play a role in neurogenesis following physiological and/or pathological stimuli

Occurence of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the Gulf of Trieste and the northern Adriatic Sea

1. The Mediterranean common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), considered to have been very common in the past, had undergone a dramatic decline across most of the basin by the end of 1970s. In the northern Adriatic Sea, one of the regions with most available historical information, the common dolphin is thought to have been the most common and abundant cetacean throughout most of the 20th century. However, by the end of 1970s, it had virtually disappeared from the region and is now considered generally absent from the entire Adriatic Sea. 2. This contribution summarizes the occurrence of common dolphins in the Gulf of Trieste and provides a brief review of published records in other parts of the Adriatic Sea. 3. Systematic boat surveys in the wider area of the Gulf of Trieste between 2002 and 2019 confirmed that the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the only regularly occurring cetacean species in this area. Despite this, several records of common dolphins were documented in the Gulf of Trieste between 2009 and 2012, through sightings of live animals or recovery of dead stranded animals. 4. Dorsal fin markings allowed the photo‐identification of some of these, suggesting that at least four different live individuals (three adults and one calf) occurred here in recent times. Most cases involved single adult individuals, but one included a mother‐calf pair that was temporarily resident in a port for several months, a behaviour atypical for this species. Photo‐identification showed that the presumed mother had previously been sighted in the Ionian Sea in Greece, over 1,000 km from the Gulf of Trieste, making this the longest documented movement for this species worldwide. 5. At present, the common dolphin continues to be rare in the region.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Parâmetros biológicos de Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em folha e vagem de feijão.

Heliothis virescens (Fabricius, 1781) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é uma praga polífaga, e recentemente tem sido relatada atacando a cultura do feijão. O inseto é capaz de se alimentar de estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas da planta, porém são escassas as informações a respeito do desenvolvimento da praga nessas estruturas. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar parâmetros biológicos de H. virescens alimentada com folhas e vagens verdes de feijão. O estudo foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições (n=7 espécimes / repetição). A cultivar utilizada no trabalho foi a BRS Ametista Carioca, sendo que o material foi coletado no estádio R8, em plantas com 90 dias de idade. As folhas ofertadas foram obtidas do terço superior da planta. Os tratamentos (folha e vagem) foram ofertados ad libitum para as lagartas recém-eclodidas, em condições controladas de temperatura 25±2°C, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 14 hs. A partir do 5° instar larval foi avaliado o consumo de alimento. Após a emergência dos adultos, foram formados casais para posterior avaliação dos parâmetros reprodutivos das mariposas. De forma geral, foi observado que os indivíduos alimentados somente com folhas de feijão não conseguiram completar a fase jovem. Entretanto, quando alimentadas com vagens de feijão, as lagartas apresentaram longevidade média de 12 dias, com viabilidade de 56%. Os insetos consumiram 3,57g de feijão vagem, e o peso de pupa foi de 0,21g. Durante a fase adulta, as fêmeas apresentaram fecundidade média de 240 ovos, com viabilidade em torno de 40%. Esses resultados demonstram que embora H. virescens possa se alimentar de folhas de feijão, o seu desempenho biológico é maior quando se alimenta das vagens da planta. Desse modo, é fundamental o monitoramento populacional da praga durante o estádio reprodutivo da cultura, pois é o momento em que a praga encontra o alimento mais apropriado para o seu desenvolvimento, e desse modo pode ser necessária a adoção de estratégias de controle

Phenotypic and molecular assessment of seven patients with 6p25 deletion syndrome: Relevance to ocular dysgenesis and hearing impairment

BACKGROUND: Thirty-nine patients have been described with deletions involving chromosome 6p25. However, relatively few of these deletions have had molecular characterization. Common phenotypes of 6p25 deletion syndrome patients include hydrocephalus, hearing loss, and ocular, craniofacial, skeletal, cardiac, and renal malformations. Molecular characterization of deletions can identify genes that are responsible for these phenotypes. METHODS: We report the clinical phenotype of seven patients with terminal deletions of chromosome 6p25 and compare them to previously reported patients. Molecular characterization of the deletions was performed using polymorphic marker analysis to determine the extents of the deletions in these seven 6p25 deletion syndrome patients. RESULTS: Our results, and previous data, show that ocular dysgenesis and hearing impairment are the two most highly penetrant phenotypes of the 6p25 deletion syndrome. While deletion of the forkhead box C1 gene (FOXC1) probably underlies the ocular dysgenesis, no gene in this region is known to be involved in hearing impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular dysgenesis and hearing impairment are the two most common phenotypes of 6p25 deletion syndrome. We conclude that a locus for dominant hearing loss is present at 6p25 and that this locus is restricted to a region distal to D6S1617. Molecular characterization of more 6p25 deletion patients will aid in refinement of this locus and the identification of a gene involved in dominant hearing loss