RECURSIVE DIGITAL FILTERS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS TO IMAGE PROCESSING.

Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1979 .C448. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 40-09, Section: B, page: 4414. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1979

The ribbonfish resources

Che ribbonfishes are an important group of food fishes in India and their annual average production during 1971-*82 was estimated at 55,300 tonnes which formed 4.3% of the total marine fish landings and occupied 7th position. The studies indicate that various species of ribbonfishes constitute substantial fishery in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra showing considerable variations in the species composition, season^ abundance and production trends

Comparative studies on the nutritive value of fish and prawn muscle

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Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation on biopsies from clam ileocystoplasties and on a clam cancer

The incidence of carcinoma following an enterocystoplasty increases with time and is a major concern after such procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic instability (in the form of numerical chromosomal aberrations) at the enterovesical anastomosis in patients who had undergone a clam ileocystoplasty using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH). Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation was performed on touch preparation samples prepared from fresh endoscopic biopsies obtained from the enterovesical anastomosis and native bladder remnant (control specimens) of 15 patients who had undergone a clam ileocystoplasty. Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation was also performed on one squamous cell cancer specimen. Significant aneusomic changes were found at the enterovesical anastomosis in all 15 patients. Alterations in chromosome 18 copy number were the most frequent abnormal finding (trisomy 18, n=8; monosomy 18, n=7). Nine patients were monosomic for chromosome 9. Isolated monosomy 8 and trisomy 8 were each found in one patient. The control specimens were all normal. An unusually high incidence of polysomic cells was found in the clam tumour specimen, reflecting the aggressive nature of this cancer. Chromosomal numerical abnormalities occur at the enterovesical anastomosis following a clam ileocystoplasty and chromosome 18 appears to be a particularly good marker of genetic instability. The results of this study indicate that morphologically normal tissue obtained from the enterovesical anastomosis displays evidence of chromosomal instability that may predispose to tumour formation. However, further prospective, blinded, longitudinal studies are required to establish whether predetermined FISH signal patterns in enterocystoplasty cells in urine or obtained by biopsy predict the presence or absence of tumour

An assessment of the bottom-trawl fishery resources of the northeast coast of India

An overview of the bottom trawl fishery resources of the continental shelf of the northeast coast (lat. 15° N-21° N and long. 80^ E-83° El has been attempted based on data collected from the exploratory fishery surveys conducted by the Govt. of India fishing vessels during 1961-1985. The 'swapt-area' method has been employed to estimate the standing stock, and 60% of this has bean reckoned as the potential yield The catch rates in the shelf region ranged between 1 l<g/hr in square 17-33 CI and 377 kg/hr in squares that yielded 150kg/hr or more are distributed widely both in the inshore and offshore grounds- The potential yield estimates for the area explored varied between 083 t/km2 in 20° H-Sl" E and 3 37 t/km^ in 19° N-35°

final overall survival and other efficacy and safety results from ascend 3 phase ii study of ceritinib in alki naive patients with alk rearranged nsclc

Abstract Introduction The phase II, single-arm ASCEND-3 study assessed the efficacy and safety of ceritinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor (ALKi)–naive patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC who had received at least three previous lines of chemotherapy. Here, we report the final efficacy and safety results. Methods Eligible patients (including those with asymptomatic or neurologically stable brain metastases) received oral ceritinib (750 mg/day, fasted). The primary end point was investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR). Secondary end points were Blinded Independent Review Committee–assessed ORR; investigator- and Blinded Independent Review Committee–assessed overall intracranial response rate, duration of response, time to response, disease control rate, and progression-free survival (PFS); overall survival (OS); and safety. Exploratory end points included patient-reported outcomes. Results Of the 124 patients enrolled, 122 (98.4%) had received previous antineoplastic medications (31 patients [25.0%] received at least three regimens), and 49 (39.5%) had baseline brain metastases. The median follow-up time (data cutoff: January 22, 2018) was 52.1 (range, 48.4–60.1) months. The investigator-assessed ORR was 67.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.8–75.9), and the median PFS was 16.6 months (95% CI: 11.0–23.2). The median OS was 51.3 months (95% CI: 42.7–55.3). Most common adverse events (all grades, ≥60% of patients, all-causality) were diarrhea (85.5%), nausea (78.2%), and vomiting (71.8%). Overall, 18 patients (14.5%) had an adverse event leading to treatment discontinuation. Health-related quality of life was maintained during ceritinib treatment. Conclusions Ceritinib exhibited prolonged and clinically meaningful OS, PFS, and duration of response in chemotherapy-pretreated (at least three lines), ALKi-naive patients with ALK+ NSCLC. The safety profile was consistent with that reported in previous studies

Anaerobic Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase Diversity in the Homoacetogenic Hindgut Microbial Communities of Lower Termites and the Wood Roach

Anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) is a key enzyme in the Wood-Ljungdahl (acetyl-CoA) pathway for acetogenesis performed by homoacetogenic bacteria. Acetate generated by gut bacteria via the acetyl-CoA pathway provides considerable nutrition to wood-feeding dictyopteran insects making CODH important to the obligate mutualism occurring between termites and their hindgut microbiota. To investigate CODH diversity in insect gut communities, we developed the first degenerate primers designed to amplify cooS genes, which encode the catalytic (β) subunit of anaerobic CODH enzyme complexes. These primers target over 68 million combinations of potential forward and reverse cooS primer-binding sequences. We used the primers to identify cooS genes in bacterial isolates from the hindgut of a phylogenetically lower termite and to sample cooS diversity present in a variety of insect hindgut microbial communities including those of three phylogenetically-lower termites, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Reticulitermes hesperus, and Incisitermes minor, a wood-feeding cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus, and an omnivorous cockroach, Periplaneta americana. In total, we sequenced and analyzed 151 different cooS genes. These genes encode proteins that group within one of three highly divergent CODH phylogenetic clades. Each insect gut community contained CODH variants from all three of these clades. The patterns of CODH diversity in these communities likely reflect differences in enzyme or physiological function, and suggest that a diversity of microbial species participate in homoacetogenesis in these communities

HLA Class I and Class II Associations in Dengue Viral Infections in a Sri Lankan Population

BACKGROUND: HLA class I and class II alleles have been shown to be associated with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in different populations. However, the majority of studies have been based on limited numbers of patients. In this study we aimed to investigate the HLA-class I and class II alleles that are positively and negatively associated with the development of DSS in a cohort of patients with DHF and also the alleles associated with development of DHF during primary dengue infections in a Sri Lankan population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The allele frequencies of HLA class I and class II alleles were compared in 110 patients with DHF and 119 individuals from the population who had never reported a symptomatic dengue infection at the time of recruitment. We found that HLA-A*31 (corrected P = 0.01) and DRB1*08 (corrected P = 0.009) were associated with susceptibility to DSS when infected with the dengue virus, during secondary dengue infection. The frequency of DRB1*08 allele was 28.7 times higher than in the normal population in patients with DSS. HLA-A*31 allele was increased 16.6 fold in DHF who developed shock when compared to those who did not develop shock. A*24 (corrected P = 0.03) and DRB1*12 (corrected P = 0.041) were strongly associated with the development of DHF during primary dengue infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data suggest that certain HLA alleles confer susceptibility/protection to severe dengue infections. As T cell epitope recognition depend on the HLA type of an individual, it would be now important to investigate how epitope specific T cells associate with primary and secondary dengue infections and in severe dengue infections

A Novel Strategy Involved Anti-Oxidative Defense: The Conversion of NADH into NADPH by a Metabolic Network

The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is pivotal to the cellular anti-oxidative defence strategies in most organisms. Although its production mediated by different enzyme systems has been relatively well-studied, metabolic networks dedicated to the biogenesis of NADPH have not been fully characterized. In this report, a metabolic pathway that promotes the conversion of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a pro-oxidant into NADPH has been uncovered in Pseudomonas fluorescens exposed to oxidative stress. Enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase (PC), malic enzyme (ME), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malate synthase (MS), and isocitrate lyase (ICL) that are involved in disparate metabolic modules, converged to create a metabolic network aimed at the transformation of NADH into NADPH. The downregulation of phosphoenol carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the upregulation of pyruvate kinase (PK) ensured that this metabolic cycle fixed NADH into NADPH to combat the oxidative stress triggered by the menadione insult. This is the first demonstration of a metabolic network invoked to generate NADPH from NADH, a process that may be very effective in combating oxidative stress as the increase of an anti-oxidant is coupled to the decrease of a pro-oxidant

Nrt1 and Tna1-Independent Export of NAD+ Precursor Vitamins Promotes NAD+ Homeostasis and Allows Engineering of Vitamin Production

NAD+ is both a co-enzyme for hydride transfer enzymes and a substrate of sirtuins and other NAD+ consuming enzymes. NAD+ biosynthesis is required for two different regimens that extend lifespan in yeast. NAD+ is synthesized from tryptophan and the three vitamin precursors of NAD+: nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside. Supplementation of yeast cells with NAD+ precursors increases intracellular NAD+ levels and extends replicative lifespan. Here we show that both nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid are not only vitamins but are also exported metabolites. We found that the deletion of the nicotinamide riboside transporter, Nrt1, leads to increased export of nicotinamide riboside. This discovery was exploited to engineer a strain to produce high levels of extracellular nicotinamide riboside, which was recovered in purified form. We further demonstrate that extracellular nicotinamide is readily converted to extracellular nicotinic acid in a manner that requires intracellular nicotinamidase activity. Like nicotinamide riboside, export of nicotinic acid is elevated by the deletion of the nicotinic acid transporter, Tna1. The data indicate that NAD+ metabolism has a critical extracellular element in the yeast system and suggest that cells regulate intracellular NAD+ metabolism by balancing import and export of NAD+ precursor vitamins