Antibiotic levels and heavy metal resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from seawater, Iskenderun organized industrial zone

Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the territorial seawater of Iskenderun Organized Industrial Zone in Iskenderun Bay, to measure their resistance levels against to antibiotic and heavy metal. Sixteen species of bacteria were identified by using VITEK II System. Total of 18 antibiotics disc and four heavy metals were applied for the resistance test. Antibiotic resistances of all isolates were at high percentages for eritromisine (94.4%), ampicilline (72.7%), streptomycin (68.3%), cefazolin (64.6%) and carboksipeneme (57.1%). The highest resistant strain was resistant against to 17 antibiotics, while the weakest resistant of two isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics. MAR index values were found to be higher than 0.2 for 94.9% of all isolates. Heavy metal resistances of all isolates were found to be in high percentages as 100% for cadmium, %100 for copper, 90.7% for manganese, and 67.7 % for lead. High resistances of examined bacteria against to both antibiotics and heavy metals indicated a dense and multisource pollution in the bay. The pollution in territorial waters of the bay may threat the aquatic life consequently, the public health

Aeromonas and Pseudomonas: Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance species from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (northeast Mediterranean Sea)

PubMedID: 19551480We studied the susceptibility patterns to 15 different antibiotics and six heavy metals in Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey (northeast Mediterranean Sea). A high percentage of Aeromonas isolates showed resistance to cefazolin (66.6%) and trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole (66.6%). Amongst the Pseudomonas isolates, there was a high incidence of resistance to nitrofurantoin (86.2%), cefazolin (84.8%) and cefuroxime (71.7%). Most isolates showed tolerance to different concentrations of heavy metals, and minimal inhibition concentrations ranged from 25 to >3,200 µg/ml. The Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed high resistance to copper of 98.3% and 75.4%, respectively, and low resistance to lead of 1.7% and 7.2%, respectively. Our results show that antibiotic and heavy metal resistant Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were widespread in Iskenderun Bay in 2007 and 2008. The increasing presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. may become a potential human health hazard. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.EF2008BAP3Acknowledgements We would like to thank BAPKOM (Cukurova University) for the financial support of this work (Project number: EF2008BAP3). We are particularly grateful to Dr. Sarah L. Poynton for her helpful suggestions in editing this manuscript

Effects of exercise on periodontal parameters in obese women

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between obesity, periodontitis, and exercise. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular exercise on obese women with periodontal disease, using serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. A before-after study design was adopted to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of regular exercise on obese women grouped according to periodontal status, without a control group (no exercise). The study sample comprised of 15 patients without periodontitis (NP group) and 10 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP group), from whom periodontal parameters were measured and serum, saliva, and GCF samples were collected. Body mass index (BMI), anthropometric measurements, somatotype-motoric tests, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were recorded at baseline and after exercise. Subjects and Methods: Med Calc was used for statistical analysis. Results: After exercise, a significant decrease in BMI and a significant increase in VO2max were observed in both groups. A significant decrease in probing depth and clinical attachment loss, serum leptin, GCF tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and leptin, and a significant increase in GCF resistin were observed in the CP group. A significant decrease in serum TNF-α and leptin levels and a significant increase in serum resistin and GCF TNF-α, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels were observed in the NP group. Significant correlations between bleeding on probing and levels of interleukin-1β and leptin in GCF were observed in the CP group. Conclusions: This study showed that regular exercise exerts different impacts with respect to clinical and biochemical aspects of periodontal and systemic conditions in obese women

The effect of succinic acid monomethyl ester (SAM) on the responses of isolated thoracic aorta in STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC rats

Succinic acid monomethyl ester (SAM) was recently proposed as an insulinotropic tool in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to define whether SAM has the vascular effect in thoracic aorta of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. (1) Body weights of diabetic rats were significantly increased after SAM treatment (P < 0.05). (2) Ten-day SAM treatment did not significantly affect blood glucose levels in SAM-treated control and SAM-treated STZ-diabetic rats. (3) Maximum tension responses to noradrenaline and KCI (80 mmol l(-1))were not significantly different among all the experimental groups. (4) pD(2), (-log EC50) values for noradrenaline of untreated diabetic rats were significantly less than those of controls, SAM-treated control and SAM-treated diabetic rats (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). SAM treatment normalized the decreased sensitivity of noradrenaline response in diabetic rats. (5) Fast, slow and total components of responses to noradrenaline (10(-5) mol l(-1) congruent to EC90) were not significantly different among all the experimental groups. (6) There were no significant differences between aorta precontracted with noradrenaline from controls and STZ-diabetic (untreated and SAM-treated) rats in pD(2), values and the potency of maximum relaxation to acetylcholine or in pD(2) values to sodium nitroprusside. In conclusion, 10-day SAM treatment increases the sensitivity of diabetic-aortic rings to noradrenaline compared to untreated diabetic control rats. (C) 1998 The Italian Pharmacological Society

The effect of isradipine on maximal electroshock seizures in mice

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anticonvulsant effect of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, isradipine, which easily crosses the blood-brain barrier displaying high affinity and specificity for the brain L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel, on maximal electroshock seizures in mice