Krizin kısa dönemli yansımalarının turizm i̇şletmelerinin kriz yönetimi uygulamalarına etkisi

Bu araştırma; Türkiye’de son dönemde yaşanan terör olayları ve Rusya ile yaşanan siyasi gerilim sonrasında ortaya çıkan krizin kısa dönemli olumsuz yansımalarının turizm işletmelerinin kriz yönetimi uygulamaları üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmek ve bu etkilerin işletmelerin faaliyet yıllarına göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, Travel Turkey Izmir’2016 10. Turizm Fuar ve Kongresi’ne katılan ve turizm sektöründe faaliyet gösteren (otel, seyahat acentesi, havayolu firması ve diğer turizm işletmeleri) işletme temsilci ve yöneticilerinden anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, toplamda 219 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerine tanımlayıcı istatistikler, paralel test, açıklayıcı faktör analizi ve MANCOVA (Çoklu Kovaryans Analizi) uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, krizin kısa dönemli olumsuz yansımalarının turizm işletmelerinin kriz yönetimi uygulamaları üzerinde oldukça büyük bir etkisi olduğu ancak bu etkilerin işletmelerin faaliyet yıllarına göre farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir

Effect of Pollination with Gamma Irradiated Pollen on In Vitro Regeneration of Ovule Culture in Cyclamen

The obtention of homozygous lines through in situ parthenogenesis via gamma irradiation method is a comprehensive application in vegetables. However, there are a limited number of studies on in situ parthenogenesis in ornamentals. Therefore, in situ parthenogenetic capacity of more species needs to be examined. For this purpose, the effects of pollination with gamma-irradiated pollen on in vitro ovule cultured in Cyclamen persicum L. were evaluated in this study. Flower buds were collected before anthesis and irradiated at different doses 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 450 Gy of gamma-ray using a Co-60 source. The control group was pollinated with non-irradiated pollen. Fruits were harvested 30 days after pollination, and isolated ovule explants were cultured on four different mediums in in vitro. M0 was control group containing half-strength MS basal media; M1 media additionally has 10 g/L maltose, 1.0 g/L proline, 2.0 g/L peptone, 200.0 mg/L spermidine and 0.5 mg/L kinetin; in addition to basal medium, M2 media additionally contains 10 g/L maltose, 1.0 g/L proline, 2.0 g/L peptone, 200.0 mg/L spermidine, 0.4 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.4 mg/L N6-benzyl adenine (BA). M3 media additionally contains 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.8 mg/L 6-( γ, γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Plantlets started to form 10-12 weeks after the beginning of culture. The effects of nutrient media, irradiation dose, and their interactions on plant formation were statistically significant. The lowest plantlet regeneration (0.33%) was obtained from ovule explants exposed to 50 Gy gamma rays and cultured on M3 media while the highest plantlet regeneration (2.66%) was obtained from ovule explants cultured on M1 media 30 days after pollination with non-irradiated pollen grains. According to stomatal observations, there were no statistical differences between donor plant and in vitro regenerated plantlets

Hospitality crisis management in Turkey: a comparative approach

Political instability and terror events commonly occur in many countries. Since 2016, Turkey experienced a surge of political crises and terrorist activities which led to a marked decline in the country’s tourism revenue, and, consequently, caused economic struggles. The study employs the Importance-Performance Analysis framework to evaluate the use and the importance that Turkish hotel managers assign to different crisis management practices. The analysis is based on a list of crisis management practices that belong to four categories: human resources, marketing, hotel maintenance, and governmental assistance. The results suggest that Turkish managers follow the main categories in their crisis management action and focus on marketing and cost-cutting practices. Comparison with previous studies in India and Israel highlight the common focus marketing and cost-cutting as significant crisis management practices to improve competitive position and manage crisis situations

Turi̇zm alanındaki̇ ni̇tel araştırmalarda uygulanan yöntem ölçütleri̇ni̇n değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Nitel araştırmalarda güvenilirlik ve geçerliği sağlayabilmek için bazı ölçütler belirlenmiştir. Özellikle 2000’lerin başında bu ölçütlerin yaygınlaştığı ve temel olarak aşamaların belirlendiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi’ndeyayınlanan nitel çalışmalar incelenmiş ve bunların nitel araştırmada kullanılması gereken yöntem ölçütlerini ne düzeyde karşıladıkları saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda ilgili dergide yayınlanan ve nitel yöntem kullanıldığı belirlenen toplam 31 çalışma incelemeye alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, Shenton’ın (2004) Guba’dan (1981)esinlenerek oluşturduğu güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik modelinden hareketle belirlenen 26 ölçüt ile incelenmiştir. Genel olarak 1990’dan 2007 yılına kadar yayınlanan çalışmaların, nitel araştırmalar için gerekli olan yöntem ölçütlerinin çoğunu yerine getirmediği, karşılamadığı, 2007’den sonra ise bu ölçütlere çalışmalarda daha fazla yer verildiği ancak bu ölçütleri tam olarak karşılayan çalışmaların çok sınırlı olduğu saptanmıştır

Anadolu Mandalarında Q Fever Hastalığının Serolojik Olarak Araştırılması

Buffaloes as in other animals have been demonstrated to play a role in certain diseases transmitted to susceptible animalsand human populations. In this study, serum samples were collected from Anatolian Buffaloes in breeding Samsun and around were examinedfor Q Fever. For this purpose, 184 sera were analyzed with commercial ELISA test kit. Totally 29 (15.8%) were determined positive for Q Feverfrom examined 184 serum samples. Serum samples obtained from Anatolian Buffaloes were examined first time in terms of serologically in ourregion respect to Q Fever. As a result, the data provided within the scope of the research indicate a Q Fever seropositivity level that could pose arisk for our indigenous buffalo population. We concluded that the data obtained from this study can constitute a resource to similar studies in ourregion. The epidemiology of the disease can be elaborated in the light of studies that will be carried out with more comprehensive researches inour region.Mandaların, diğer hayvanlarda olduğu gibi bazı hastalıkların duyarlı hayvan popülasyonlarına ve insanlara bulaştırılmasında rol oynadıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Samsun ili ve ilçelerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan Anadolu Mandalarına ait kan serum örnekleri Q fever hastalığı yönünden incelendi. Bu amaçla, 184 kan serumu ticari bir ELISA kiti ile test edildi. İncelenen 184 serum örneğinin 29 (%15.8)’u Q fever hastalığı açısından seropozitif bulundu. Bu araştırma ile bölgemizde ilk kez Anadolu Mandalarına ait serum örnekleri Q fever yönünden serolojik olarak incelendi. Sonuç olarak, proje kapsamında sağlanan veriler bölgemiz manda populasyonu için risk oluşturabilecek düzeyde Q fever seropozitifliğine işaret etmektedir. Yürütülen araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin, yöremizde yapılacak benzer çalışmalara kaynak teşkil edebileceği kanısına varıldı. Bölgemizde daha kapsamlı projelerle gerçekleştirilecek araştırmalar ışığında hastalığın epidemiyolojisi detaylı bir şekilde ortaya konulabilecektir

Turizm alanındaki nitel araştırmaların güvenirlik ve geçerlik ölçütleri kapsamında değerlendirilmesi

1980’li yıllardan bu yana nitel araştırmalarda güvenirlik ve geçerliği sağlayabilmek için bazı ölçütler belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Özellikle 2000’lerin başında bu ölçütlerin kullanımının yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan ölçütlerin nitel araştırmalarda ne kadar dikkate alındığının tespiti oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi’nde yayınlanan nitel çalışmalar incelenmiş ve bunların nitel araştırmalarda kullanılması gereken güvenirlik ve geçerlik ölçütlerini ne düzeyde karşıladıkları saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda ilgili dergide yayınlanan ve nitel yöntem kullanıldığı belirlenen toplam 31 çalışma incelemeye alınmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, 1990 yılından 2007 yılına kadar yayınlanan çalışmaların, nitel araştırmalar için gerekli olan güvenirlik ve geçerlik ölçütlerinin çoğunu karşılamadığını, öte yandan 2007 yılından sonra bu ölçütlere çalışmalarda daha fazla yer verildiğini göstermiştir

The effect of varenicline on Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in healthy smokers and nonsmokers

Background: Varenicline could affect the T wave and QT interval. The interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave (Tp-e) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of repolarization, and increased Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In this study, we assessed the effects of varenicline on Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers (15 healthy non-smokers [NS] and 15 healthy smokers [S]) were included in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Varenicline (2 mg single dose) or placebo was administered in two different testing sessions (5 days after the first period, performed the second period). Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were assessed in the supine position and during handgrip exercise before and after the participants were given placebo or varenicline. Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were calculated from continuous ECG recordings and averages were used in the final analysis. Result: There were no statistically significant differences among any of the Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio before and after placebo administration in both groups (S and NS). In the S group, Tp-e and QTc interval, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratio were significantly increased after varenicline administration (Tp-e: 64.28 ± 8.78 vs. 70.42 ± ± 13.12; p = 0.02, QTc: 409.57 ± 28.17 vs. 425.28 ± 32.79; p = 0.02, Tp-e/QT: 0.18 ± 0.02 vs. 0.19 ± 0.03; p = 0.04, Tp-e/QTc: 0.17 ± 0.02 vs. 0.19 ± 0.02; p = 001) but these parameters were not changed in the NS group. Conclusions: Tp-e and QTc interval, and Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratio were increased after varenicline administration in smoker

BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid cancer is correlated with adverse clinicopathological features but not with iodine exposure

Introduction: BRAFV600E activating mutation is the most frequent genetic abnormality in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the association between BRAFV600E mutation and well-established prognostic clinicopathological characteristics as well as iodine exposure. Material and methods: From 2000 to 2012, the data of PTC patients admitted to Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital in Turkey were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathological parameters were collected. BRAFV600E mutation was analysed by DNA sequencing method in tumour specimens. We hypothesised that BRAFV600E mutation prevalence is positively correlated with prolonged iodine exposure and expected to be higher in the second half of the recruitment period due to the increment in time spent from the iodisation process of the table salt in our country. Thus, iodine exposure was categorised as short-term (2000–2006) and long-term (2006–2012). Results: A total of 197 patients were accrued. The study population predominantly consisted of conventional variant. A statistically significant relationship was observed between BRAFV600E mutation presence and age (p = 0.03), conventional variant PTC (p = 0.00002), T4 stage (p = 0.002), vascular invasion (p = 0.036), thyroid capsule invasion (p < 0.00001), extrathyroidal tissue invasion (p < 0.00001), and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.00001). When categorised as long-term and short-term, iodine exposure was not statistically significantly related with BRAFV600E mutation; however, there were far more PTC cases in the long-term group (86.3% vs. 13.7%). Conclusion: We revealed that BRAFV600E mutation is associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters. There appeared to be no relation between long-term iodine exposure and BRAFV600E.

CD4(+) T cells of myasthenia gravis patients are characterized by ıncreased IL-21, IL-4, and IL-17A productions and higher presence of PD-1 and ICOS

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies predominantly against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Specific T cell subsets are required for long-term antibody responses, and cytokines secreted mainly from CD4(+) T cells regulate B cell antibody production. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in the cytokine expressions of CD4(+) T cells in MG patients with AChR antibodies (AChR-MG) and the effect of immunosuppressive (IS) therapy on cytokine activity and to test these findings also in MG patients without detectable antibodies (SN-MG). Clinically diagnosed AChR-MG and SN-MG patients were included. The AChR-MG patients were grouped as IS-positive and -negative and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for ex vivo intracellular cytokine production, and subsets of CD4(+) T cells and circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells were detected phenotypically by the expression of the chemokine and the costimulatory receptors. Thymocytes obtained from patients who had thymectomy were also analyzed. IL-21, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A productions in CD4(+) T cells were increased in AChR-MG compared to those in healthy controls. IS treatment enhanced IL-10 and reduced IFN-gamma production in AChR-MG patients compared to those in IS-negative patients. Increased IL-21 and IL-4 productions were also demonstrated in SN-MG patients. Among CD4(+) T cells, Th17 cells were increased in both disease subgroups. Treatment induced higher proportions of Th2 cells in AChR-MG patients. Both CXCR5(+) and CXCR5(-) CD4(+) T cells expressed higher programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and inducible costimulatory (ICOS) in AChR-MG and SN-MG groups, mostly irrespective of the treatment. Based on chemokine receptors on CXCR5(+)PD-1(+) in CD4(+) T (cTfh) cells, in AChR-MG patients without treatment, the proportions of Tfh17 cells were higher than those in the treated group, whereas the Tfh1 cells were decreased compared with those in the controls. The relevance of CXCR5 and PD-1 in the pathogenesis of AChR-MG was also suggested by the increased presence of these molecules on mature CD4 single-positive thymocytes from the thymic samples. The study provides further evidence for the importance of IL-21, IL-17A, IL-4, and IL-10 in AChR-MG. Disease-related CD4(+)T cells are identified mainly as PD-1(+) or ICOS+ with or without CXCR5, resembling cTfh cells in the circulation or probably in the thymus. AChR-MG and SN-MG seem to have some similar characteristics. IS treatment has distinctive effects on cytokine expression.Istanbul Universit