Customer relationship management in hospitality managements: A case study of hospitality managements in İzmir

Bu çalışmada işletmelerin her gün daha da zorlaşan yerel ve küresel rekabet ortamında ayakta kalabilmek için kullandıkları yeni bir uygulama olan, Müşteri İlişkileri Yönetimi (MİY) kavramı ve konaklama işletmelerinde MİY uygulamaları ele alınmıştır. Müşteri İlişkileri Yönetimi, satış maliyetlerini azaltmak gelirleri artırmak, yeni pazarlar oluşturmak, satış, servis kanallarını genişletmek, müşteri ile ilişkileri artırarak müşteri sadakatini ve memnuniyetini sağlamak için işletmelerin oluşturduğu müşteri odaklı stratejiler grubu olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu stratejiler çerçevesinde müşterinin istediği mal ve hizmeti sağlayabilmek için önce müşteriler tanınmalı sonra da müşteriler için hangi malların nasıl sunulacağına karar verilmeli; sürekli ilişkiler kurularak sadakatleri sağlanmalıdır. Üç bölüm halinde sunulmuş olan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde MİY'in kavramsal çerçevesi çizilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise, MİY uygulamalarının süreçleri ve konaklama işletmeleri için MİY uygulamalarının önemi açıklanmıştır. Alan araştırmasının bulgularının değerlendirilmesinden oluşan üçüncü bölümde, İzmir'de bulunan konaklama işletmeleri yöneticilerinin MİY yaklaşımlarına bakış açılarını ölçmeyi amaçlayan anket çalışmasının verileri frekans, t-test ve anova analizleriyle incelenmiştir.In this study, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and CRM applications in hospitality managements, which are new applications of companies in order to keep standing in local and global competition, are handled. Customer Relations Management can be defined as a group of customer centric strategies in order to; decrease selling costs, increase incomes, constitute new market areas, selling, widening service cares and providing customer satisfaction by continuous relations with customers. In the rules of these strategies, firstly characteristic of customers must be known and then presentation ways of products to the customers should be decided in order to provide customer needs; and their adherence should be ensured by setting permanent relations. This presented study consists of 3 parts and in the fist part we describe the Customer Relationship Management concept. In second part, after the process of CRM applications, importance of CRM applications in hospitality managements is explained. In third part which contains the evaluation of the field study results, datum of questionary which is aim to evaluate viewpoint of hospitality managers to CRM applications in İzmir, are examined by frequency, t-test and anova analysis

İstanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Dergisi

[No Abstract Available

Investigation of the Effects of Smoking Addiction and Physical Activity on Some Respiratory Functions in Young Adult Males

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of smoking addiction and physical activity on some respiratory functions in young adult males. 120 male students who have no health problem with an age average of 21,00 (years) , height average of 174,2 (cm) and weight average of 69,62 (kg) have voluntarily participated in the study. The students participating in the study have been categorized according to their condition of doing exercise and addiction to smoking. Spirometer (Pony Fx, Italy) was used to determine pulmonary functions of students. In the statistical analysis of the obtained data SPSS program has been used. The normality distribution of the data has been identified with Shapiro-Wilk test. In the analysis of the data which have no normal distribution, Kruskal Wallis test and in the sub groups Mann- Whitney U test has been used. It has been determined that FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75% (L/s), PEF (L/s), VC and MVV values of the student groups who doing regular exercise are significantly higher than the student groups who do not (p0,05). It has been found that smoking addiction is effective on PEF value in a significant level (p<0,05)

Dužinsko-maseni i dužinsko-dužinski odnos za 21 vrstu riba ulovljenih u Izmirskom zaljevu

This study exhibits relationships between length-weight and length-length for 21 fish species caught in Izmir Bay. Coefficients a and b for the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) were calculated with W=aLb formulae and as equations of TL=a+bFL and TL=a+bSL respectively. Equations of length-length for converting standard length and fork length into total length and vice versa were proven linear. The involved relationships were significantly interrelated (R2>0.942). Values b in the LWRs varied from 2.21 to 3.96 (mean ± SE: 3.15 ± 0.08). The student’s t-test showed that 87.9% of values b were significantly different from 3.U ovom radu se prikazuje povezanost dužinsko-masenog odnosa i dužinsko-dužinskog odnosa za 21 vrstu riba ulovljenih u Izmirskom zaljevu. Koeficijenti a i b za odnos dužinsko-masenog (LWR) i odnos dužinsko-dužinskog (LLR) izračunati su s formulama W = a/b i kao jednadžbom TL = a + bFL i TL = a + bSL. Jednadžbe za pretvaranja standardne duljine i vilične duljine u ukupnu duljinu i obrnuto, pokazale su se linearnima. Uključeni odnosi bili su značajno međusobno povezani (R2> 0,942). Vrijednosti b u LWR varirale su od 2,21 do 3,96 (srednja vrijednost ± SE: 3,15 ± 0,08). Stu-dentov t-test pokazao je da se 87,9% vrijednosti b značajno razlikuje od 3

Utilization of walnut shells as filler in polymer composites

In this study, the utilisability of Walnut Shell (WS) flour in polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composites are investigated due to its relative hardness and availability. The WS flour was compounded with PP and HDPE at 50% (weight) content with and without coupling agent in a single screw extruder. Then, granulated compositions were manufactured by press moulding process. Some mechanical properties (Tensile, impact, flexural strength), TGA and DSC were performed on the polymer composites samples. When WS flour were added 3% coupling agent bending properties of the HDPE and PP samples increased to 1340 MPa and 1514 MPa, respectively. However, WS2 samples which HDPE composites type was added 3% coupling agent in the form showed 26% lower impact factor than WS1. The addition of coupling agents improved the properties of polymer composites. MAPE coupling agents performed better in HDPE while MAPP coupling agents were superior in PP based composites. According to mechanical properties of the composites groups, the lowest strength was in the WS3 which content 50% PP without couple agent. All produced composites provided mechanical properties required by the ASTM D662 standard for plastic lumber decking boards. The analysis showed that MAPE didn’t affect to thermal degradation of 47% WS filled HDPE composites samples. Melting temperature was around WS1 and WS2 130 °C while WS3 and WS4 around 165 °C. The second melting peak temperature of WS2 composites with 3% coupling agent was around 170 °C. As a result Walnut shell which was considered agricultural waste can be utilized in polymer composite production

Restoration Effects on the Experimental Dynamic Behavior of Historical Molla Siyah Mosque

The effects of restoration on the experimental dynamic characteristics of historical masonry Molla Siyah Mosque in Trabzon, Turkey, are investigated in this paper. Firstly, the initial situation and the implemented restoration works of the mosque are mentioned in detail. Then, the experimental dynamic behaviors of the mosque before and after the restoration are obtained by using the Ambient Vibration Tests. High sensitivity seismic accelerometers with cables are used during the tests. The collected signals are evaluated by Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition Technique, and experimental natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of the mosque are determined for the initial and restoration cases. The obtained results are compared with each other and restoration effects on the dynamic behavior of the mosque are discussed in detail

Bioenergy in the Black Sea Basin Countries: Status, Prospects and Possibilities

In recent years, concern about global climate change and air quality has increased interest in bioenergy from renewable sources. Bioenergy has several environmental advantages over fossil fuel. Amongst renewable energy sources, the biggest contribution (63%) comes from biomass. Biomass represents the cheapest and most abundant feedstock available in large volume. Approximately 80 billion tons of biomass in forest is produced in the world annually. Within the scope of sustainable development, bioenergy usage becomes crucial also in Black Sea Basin Countries. In this paper, status, prospects and possibilities of bioenergy production and usage in the Black Sea Basin Countries were reviewed

The effect of dietary soybean meal on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition and some serum biochemistry variables of two banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)

This study was performed to determine the optimum level of soybean meal diets for two banded seabream for growth performance, nutrient utilization, body composition and serum biochemistry. Two banded seabream were fed five experimental diets which were formulated replace fish meal by soybean meal at 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Up to 40% of dietary fish meal was successfully replaced with no growth depression. Whole body composition of two banded seabream was not affected by soybean meal inclusion level. Total protein, triglyceride and total cholesterol of fish fed the SM50 diets were significantly lower compared to fish fed the soybean free diet. On the other hand, serum glucose level significantly increased as dietary soybean meal inclusion increased. Results showed that 40% fish meal can be replaced in diets for the two banded seabream by defatted soybean meal. Further studies to determine the inclusion level of soybean meal more than 40% with amino acid or enzyme supplementation are needed

Bloqueio dos nervos ílio‐hipogástrico/ilioinguinal em correção de hérnia inguinal para tratamento da dor no pós‐operatório: comparação entre a técnica de marcos anatômicos e a guiada por ultrassom

ResumoObjetivoComparar a eficácia de bloqueios dos nervos ílio‐hipogástrico/ilioinguinal feitos com a técnica guiada por ultrassom e a de marcos anatômicos para o manejo da dor no pós‐operatório em casos de herniorrafia inguinal em adultos.MétodosForam randomicamente divididos 40 pacientes, estado físico ASA I‐II, em dois grupos iguais: nos grupos AN (técnica de marcos anatômicos) e US (técnica guiada por ultrassom), o bloqueio dos nervos ílio‐hipogástrico/ilioinguinal foi feito com 20mL de levobupivacaína a 0,5% antes da cirurgia com as técnicas especificadas. Escore de dor na avaliação pós‐operatória, tempo de primeira mobilização, tempo de internação hospitalar, escore de satisfação com a analgesia no pós‐operatório, efeitos colaterais induzidos por opiáceos e complicações relacionadas ao bloqueio foram avaliados durante 24horas de pós‐operatório.ResultadosEscores EVA em repouso na sala de recuperação e todos os valores clínicos durante o acompanhamento foram significativamente menores no grupo ultrassom (p<0,01 ou p<0,001). Escores EVA em movimento na sala de recuperação e todos os valores clínicos durante o acompanhamento foram significativamente menores no grupo ultrassom (p<0,001 em todos os tempos avaliados). Enquanto os tempos de internação e da primeira mobilização foram significativamente menores, os índices de satisfação com a analgesia foram significativamente maiores no grupo ultrasom (p<0,05, p<0,001, p<0,001, respectivamente).ConclusãoDe acordo com o nosso estudo, o bloqueio dos nervos ílio‐hipogástrico/ilioinguinal guiado por US em herniorrafias inguinais em adultos proporciona uma analgesia mais eficaz e maior satisfação com a analgesia do que com a técnica de marcos anatômicos. Além disso, pode‐se sugerir que a observação das estruturas anatômicas com a US pode aumentar o sucesso do bloqueio e minimizar as complicações relacionadas ao bloqueio.AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve blocks performed with the ultrasound guided and the anatomical landmark techniques for postoperative pain management in cases of adult inguinal herniorrhaphy.Methods40 patients, ASA I–II status were randomized into two groups equally: in Group AN (anatomical landmark technique) and in Group ultrasound (ultrasound guided technique), iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve block was performed with 20ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine prior to surgery with the specified techniques. Pain score in postoperative assessment, first mobilization time, duration of hospital stay, score of postoperative analgesia satisfaction, opioid induced side effects and complications related to block were assessed for 24h postoperatively.ResultsVAS scores at rest in the recovery room and all the clinical follow‐up points were found significantly less in Group ultrasound (p<0.01 or p<0.001). VAS scores at movement in the recovery room and all the clinical follow‐up points were found significantly less in Group ultrasound (p<0.001 in all time points). While duration of hospital stay and the first mobilization time were being found significantly shorter, analgesia satisfaction scores were found significantly higher in ultrasound Group (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively).ConclusionAccording to our study, US guided iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve block in adult inguinal herniorrhaphies provides a more effective analgesia and higher satisfaction of analgesia than iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve block with the anatomical landmark technique. Moreover, it may be suggested that the observation of anatomical structures with the US may increase the success of the block, and minimize the block‐related complications

Arıburnu yalıtaşının (Gelibolu Yarımadası, Türkiye) kökeni ve yaşı üzerine

The beachrock formation on the Ariburnu coast situated in the Gelibolu Peninsula has been studied by field observation, thin-section interpretation, physicochemical analyses including ICP-AES and SEM/EDS, and OSL dating. These analyses reveal the presence of different amounts of major (Si, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Al and Na) and trace elements within the beachrock cement with Si (36.2%) and Ca (32.68%) dominating the overall composition. Beachrocks composed of highly-fractured and friable beds reach a total thickness of 80 cm extending from + 60 cm at the uppermost level down to-1 m at their most seaward extent and grade from conglomerate to lithic arkose in vertical section. The total amount of CaCO(3) ranges between 59.08% and 36% and the cement consists of high-Mg calcite based on EDS analysis. From SEM examination, four main morphologies were identified in cement material: (1) micritic coatings, (2) cryptocrystalline pore-filling cement, (3) meniscus cement and (4) microbial cement and suggest the presence of marine phreatic conditions with the exception of meniscus bridges, which imply that cementation may have been dominated by carbonate-rich meteoric waters at any successive stage of cementation. Five buried beachrock samples under unconsolidated beach sand were sampled for Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and show that the minimum and maximum ages of beachrock are 1.42 +/- 0.20 ka and 2.28 +/- 0.28 ka BP, respectively.Bu çalışmada Gelibolu Yarımadası’nda, Arıburnu kıyılarındaki yalıtaşı oluşumu arazi verileri, ince kesit yorumlamaları, ICP-AES, EDS ve SEM analizleri ve OSL yaşlandırması ile ele alındı. Analizler yalıtaşı çimentosu içinde Si, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Al ve Na gibi ana ve iz elementlerin nispeten farklı oranlarda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bileşimde Si (36.2%) ve Ca (32.68%) egemendir. Yalıtaşları bol kırıklı ve kırılgan, toplam 80 cm tabaka kalınlığına sahip olup, en yüksek seviyede +60 cm’den deniz içinde –1 m’ye kadar takip edilirler. Düşey kesitte çakıltaşlarından litik arkoza geçişlidirler. Toplam CaCO3 miktarı 59.08% ve 36% arasında değişir. EDS analizlerine gore çimento maddesi yüksek magnezyum kalsittir. SEM analizlerine göre çimento maddesinde 4 ana morfoloji tanımlanmıştır; (1) mikritik tabakalar, (2) kriptokristalin boşluk dolgusu çimento, (3) menisküs çimento ve (4) mikrobial çimento. Bu çimentolar, çimentolanmanın izleyen bir devresinde karbonat bakımından zengin meteorik sularca meydana getirildiğini gösteren menisküs çimento hariç, denizel freatik koşullarda geliştiğini göstermektedir. Kıyı çizgisi gerisindeki plaj kumları altından çıkarılan 5 örneğin ‘optik uyarımlı ışınım tekniği (OSL)’ yöntemi ile yaşlandırması yapıldı. Analizler yalıtaşının oluşum yaşı için minimum 1.42±0.20 bin yıl ve maksimum 2.28±0.28 bin yıl yaşlarını vermektedir.Publisher's Versio