25 research outputs found

    A szĂĄjĂŒregi szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©ghatĂ©konysĂĄga MagyarorszĂĄgon

    Get PDF
    Absztrakt BevezetĂ©s: A szĂĄjĂŒregi daganatok jelentƑs betegsĂ©gterhet jelentenek MagyarorszĂĄgon. CĂ©lkitƱzĂ©s: A szĂĄjĂŒregi daganatok potenciĂĄlis szƱrĂ©si programjainak magyarorszĂĄgi költsĂ©ghatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄt vizsgĂĄltĂĄk. MĂłdszer: A 40 Ă©ves fĂ©rfiak körĂ©ben hĂĄziorvosok ĂĄltal Ă©ves gyakorisĂĄggal vĂ©gzett szervezett szƱrĂ©s, illetve a 40 Ă©ves fĂ©rfiak körĂ©ben az alapellĂĄtĂĄs ĂĄltal vĂ©gzett, kockĂĄzati csoportokat cĂ©lzĂł alkalmi szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©ghatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄt hasonlĂ­tottĂĄk a „Nincs szƱrĂ©s stratĂ©giĂĄhoz”. Az egyes egĂ©szsĂ©gi ĂĄllapotokhoz tartozĂł magyarorszĂĄgi hasznossĂĄgi Ă©rtĂ©keket Ă©s egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi költsĂ©geket, valamint a szƱrƑprogramok költsĂ©gĂ©t a vizsgĂĄlat keretĂ©ben becsĂŒltĂ©k. A kutatĂĄs fƑbb eredmĂ©nyei az egyes vizsgĂĄlt stratĂ©giĂĄk összes egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi költsĂ©ge, a vĂĄrhatĂł Ă©letminƑsĂ©ggel korrigĂĄlt Ă©letĂ©vek, valamint az inkrementĂĄlis költsĂ©ghatĂ©konysĂĄgi hĂĄnyadosok. EredmĂ©nyek: A rĂĄkmegelƑzƑ ĂĄllapotok kezelĂ©sĂ©nek hatĂĄsossĂĄga Ă©s a rĂ©szvĂ©teli arĂĄny fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben a vizsgĂĄlt szƱrĂ©si stratĂ©giĂĄk 15–20 Ă©ves idƑtĂĄvon költsĂ©ghatĂ©konyak. A magas kockĂĄzatĂșakra irĂĄnyulĂł alkalmi szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©ghatĂ©konyabb, mint mĂĄs vizsgĂĄlt stratĂ©giĂĄk. KövetkeztetĂ©sek: MagyarorszĂĄgon a magas kockĂĄzatĂșakra irĂĄnyulĂł alkalmi szĂĄjĂŒregi szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©ghatĂ©kony lenne. A rĂĄkmegelƑzƑ ĂĄllapotok terĂĄpiĂĄinak hatĂĄsossĂĄgĂĄra vonatkozĂł modellparamĂ©terek azonban igen bizonytalanok, az egĂ©szsĂ©gpolitikai döntĂ©sek elƑkĂ©szĂ­tĂ©sĂ©hez tovĂĄbbi kutatĂĄsok szĂŒksĂ©gesek. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(29), 1161–1170

    Experiences and Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Pandemic Management in South Korea and the V4 Countries

    Get PDF
    In the first year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic, South Korea suffered significantly less social and economic damage than the V4 countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) despite less stringent restrictive measures. In order to explore the causes of the phenomenon, we examined the public health policies and pandemic management of South Korea and the V4 countries and the social and economic outcomes of the measures. We identified the key factors that contributed to successful public health policies and pandemic management in South Korea by reviewing the international literature. Based on the analysis results, South Korea successfully managed the COVID-19 pandemic thanks to the appropriate combination of non-pharmaceutical measures and its advanced public health system. An important lesson for the V4 countries is that successful pandemic management requires a well-functioning surveillance system, a comprehensive testing strategy, an innovative contact tracing system, transparent government communication, and a coordinated public health system. In addition, to develop pandemic management capabilities and capacities in the V4 countries, continuous training of public health human resources, support for knowledge exchange, encouragement of research on communicable disease management, and collaboration with for-profit and non-governmental organizations are recommended

    A tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©nyek szerepe a bƱnismĂ©tlĂ©s megelƑzĂ©sĂ©t cĂ©lzĂł programok finanszĂ­rozĂĄsĂĄban

    Get PDF
    Social impact bond (SIB) is a new financial tool, which simultaneously helps to improve public service efficiency, to achieve measurable social benefits and to provide financial return to the investors. In this article, we briefly review the theoretical framework, structure and main actors of the SIB, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this innovative financial model. We present four case studies to show the practical outcomes of evidence-based recidivism reduction programs operating in SIB structure. This article may help the development and implementation of new types of services and programs in relation to crime prevention in Hungary.A tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©ny egy Ășjfajta finanszĂ­rozĂĄsi technika, amely egyszerre segĂ­ti elƑ a közszolgĂĄltatĂĄsok hatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄnak javĂ­tĂĄsĂĄt, a mĂ©rhetƑ tĂĄrsadalmi hasznok elĂ©rĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s a befektetƑk szĂĄmĂĄra a pĂ©nzĂŒgyi megtĂ©rĂŒlĂ©st. CikkĂŒnkben röviden ĂĄttekintjĂŒk a tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©ny elmĂ©leti hĂĄtterĂ©t, mƱködĂ©si mechanizmusĂĄt Ă©s szereplƑit, valamint a finanszĂ­rozĂĄsi mĂłdszer elƑnyeit Ă©s kockĂĄzatait. NĂ©gy esettanulmĂĄnyon keresztĂŒl ismertetjĂŒk a bƱnismĂ©tlĂ©s terĂŒletĂ©n megvalĂłsulĂł, bizonyĂ­tĂ©kokon alapulĂł Ă©s tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©ny konstrukciĂłban mƱködƑ programok gyakorlati tapasztalatait. TanulmĂĄnyunk elƑsegĂ­theti hazĂĄnkban az ĂșjfĂ©le szolgĂĄltatĂĄsok, programok fejlesztĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s megvalĂłsĂ­tĂĄsĂĄt a bƱnismĂ©tlĂ©s megelƑzĂ©s terĂŒletĂ©n

    Az epidemiolĂłgiai surveillance Ă©s jĂĄrvĂĄnymatematikai elƑrejelzĂ©sek szerepe a pandĂ©miĂĄs hullĂĄmok megelƑzĂ©sĂ©ben, mĂ©rsĂ©klĂ©sĂ©ben – hol tartunk most, Ă©s hovĂĄ kellene eljutni

    Get PDF
    A JĂĄrvĂĄnymatematikai Ă©s EpidemiolĂłgiai Projekt egy egyedĂŒlĂĄllĂł kezdemĂ©nyezĂ©s MagyarorszĂĄgon, mely jelentƑs tudĂĄst Ă©s tapasztalatot halmozott fel a COVID–19 vilĂĄgjĂĄrvĂĄny sorĂĄn. Jelen tanulmĂĄny a pandĂ©mia 2. hullĂĄmĂĄnak pĂ©ldĂĄjĂĄn keresztĂŒl ĂĄttekinti, hogy mikĂ©nt mƱködött a jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi Ă©szlelĂ©s Ă©s monitorozĂĄs rendszere, hogyan, milyen eredmĂ©nyekkel vĂ©geztĂ©k a projekt munkatĂĄrsai a helyzet- Ă©s kockĂĄzatĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©st, az elƑrejelzĂ©sek kĂ©szĂ­tĂ©sĂ©t, vĂ©gĂŒl javaslatokat fogalmaz meg a surveillance- Ă©s elƑrejelzƑ rendszer fejlesztĂ©sĂ©re a jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi biztonsĂĄg növelĂ©se Ă©rdekĂ©ben.A 2. jĂĄrvĂĄnyhullĂĄm 2020. jĂșnius 22. Ă©s 2021. januĂĄr 24. között zajlott MagyarorszĂĄgon, melynek sorĂĄn a megerƑsĂ­tett COVID–19 esetek szĂĄma 356 197 fƑ volt, ami az elsƑ hullĂĄmban regisztrĂĄlt esetszĂĄm 87-szerese. Összesen 12 226 megerƑsĂ­tett COVID–19 halĂĄlesetet regisztrĂĄltak, az elsƑ hullĂĄmban jelentett szĂĄm 21-szeresĂ©t. Az orszĂĄgos R Ă©rtĂ©k elƑször 2020 augusztusĂĄban emelkedett 1,0 fölĂ©. Mintegy 3 hĂ©ttel azutĂĄn, hogy az R Ă©rtĂ©k augusztus utolsĂł hetĂ©ben tartĂłsan 1,0 fölĂ© emelkedett, a halĂĄlos kimenetelƱ COVID–19 esetszĂĄmok növekedĂ©se is elindult, mivel a fiatalokrĂłl a jĂĄrvĂĄny az idƑsebb korosztĂĄlyokra is ĂĄtterjedt. Mindezt a matematikai modellezĂ©si eredmĂ©nyek hetekkel korĂĄbban jeleztĂ©k. November elejĂ©n az elƑrejelzĂ©s 12 000 fƑ feletti kĂłrhĂĄzi ĂĄpoltat vetĂ­tett elƑre a karĂĄcsonyi idƑszakra, melynek el-kerĂŒlĂ©sĂ©re kormĂĄnyzati intĂ©zkedĂ©scsomag kĂ©szĂŒlt. A 2020. november 11-i szigorĂ­tĂĄs a jĂĄrvĂĄnyt az eredeti pĂĄlyĂĄrĂłl eltĂ©rĂ­tette, Ă­gy a kĂłrhĂĄzban kezeltek szĂĄma a 2. hullĂĄmban az elƑrejelzĂ©snek megfelelƑen 8018 fƑnĂ©l elĂ©rte a csĂșcsot, majd csökkenni kezdett. JanuĂĄr elejĂ©n a modellezĂ©s azt mutatta, hogy a lecsengƑ szakaszban, az akkori intĂ©zkedĂ©sek mellett is kĂ©pes az idƑközben hazĂĄnkban is megjelent Ășj variĂĄns, a gyorsabban terjedƑ SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7, jĂĄrvĂĄny-ĂŒgyi fordulatot hozni, ami szintĂ©n megvalĂłsult. ÖsszessĂ©gĂ©ben az epidemiolĂłgiai helyzetĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©s Ă©s matematikai modellezĂ©s kĂ©pes volt a mĂĄsodik hullĂĄm minden fƑ aspektusĂĄt idƑben Ă©s jĂłl megragadni, a veszĂ©lyes folyamatokat elƑre jelezni Ă©s ezzel lehetƑsĂ©get adni a gyors reagĂĄlĂĄsra. A 2. hullĂĄm tapasztalatai megmutattĂĄk, hogy a jĂĄrvĂĄnymatematikai Ă©s epidemiolĂłgiai kĂ©pessĂ©gek milyen hozzĂĄ-adott Ă©rtĂ©kkel bĂ­rnak a döntĂ©stĂĄmogatĂĄsban. Az Ă©szlelĂ©si Ă©s elƑrejelzĂ©si rendszereink megerƑsĂ­tĂ©se Ă©s a matematikai modellezĂ©ssel egysĂ©ges keretrendszerben törtĂ©nƑ tovĂĄbbfejlesztĂ©se tovĂĄbbi lehetƑsĂ©geket nyithat meg az Ă©szlelĂ©s, megelƑzĂ©s, egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi Ă©s gazdasĂĄgi kĂĄrok elhĂĄrĂ­tĂĄsa Ă©rdekĂ©ben szĂŒksĂ©ges döntĂ©si folyamatok bizonyĂ­tĂ©kalapĂș tĂĄmogatĂĄsĂĄban, Ă©s az orszĂĄg jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi biztonsĂĄgĂĄnak növelĂ©sĂ©ben

    Real-time monitoring of the effectiveness of six COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in Hungary in 2021 using the screening method

    Get PDF
    Several studies have reported the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to demonstrate the applicability of the screening method for estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) in a pandemic. We report VE in Hungary, estimated with the screening method, in 2021, covering a period of Alpha and the Delta variant, including the booster dose roll-out. Hungary is in a unique position to use six different vaccines in the same population. All vaccines provided a high level of protection initially, which declined over time. While the picture is different in each age group, the waning of immunity is apparent for all vaccines, especially in the younger age groups and the Sinopharm, Sputnik-V, and AstraZeneca vaccines, which performed similarly. This is clearly reversed by booster doses, more prominent for those three vaccines, where the decline in protection is more evident. Overall, two vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, tend to produce the best results in all age groups, even with waning immunity considered. Using the screening method in future pandemic waves is worthwhile, especially in countries struggling with a lack of resources or when there is a need to deliver VE results within a short timeframe due to urgent decision-making

    Characteristics of the Third COVID-19 Pandemic Wave with Special Focus on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Morbidity, Mortality and the Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination in Hungary.

    Get PDF
    Governments are increasingly looking to vaccination to provide a path out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hungary offers an example to investigate whether social inequalities compromise what a successful vaccine program can achieve. COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and vaccination coverage were characterized by calculation of indirectly standardized ratios in the Hungarian population during the third pandemic wave at the level of municipalities, classified into deprivation quintiles. Then, their association with socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using ecological regression. Compared to the national average, people living in the most deprived municipalities had a 15-24% lower relative incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases, but a 17-37% higher relative mortality and a 38% lower vaccination coverage. At an ecological level, COVID-19 mortality showed a strong positive association with deprivation and an inverse association with vaccination coverage (RRVaccination = 0.86 (0.75-0.98)), but the latter became non-significant after adjustment for deprivation (RRVaccination = 0.95 (0.84-1.09), RRDeprivation = 1.10 (1.07-1.14)). Even what is widely viewed as one of the more successful vaccine roll outs was unable to close the gap in COVID-19 mortality during the third pandemic wave in Hungary. This is likely to be due to the challenges of reaching those living in the most deprived municipalities who experienced the highest mortality rates during the third wave

    Effectiveness of the adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalisation in individuals aged ≄ 60 years during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period: VEBIS SARI VE network, Europe, February to August, 2023

    Get PDF
    Members of the European Hospital Vaccine Effectiveness Group: Portugal: Ana Paula Rodrigues, DĂ©bora Pereira, Susana Costa Maia e Silva, Paula Pinto, Cristina BĂĄrbara, AntĂłnio Pais de Lacerda, Raquel Guiomar and Camila Henriques.The European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorised four adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for use against COVID-19 in September/October 2022: Comirnaty (BNT162b2; Pfizer-BioNTech) and Spikevax (mRNA-1273; Moderna) Original/Omicron BA.1 and Original/Omicron BA.4–5 [1]. During autumn 2022, all European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries had vaccination campaigns in place to administer a booster dose, with several countries using the adapted bivalent vaccines [2]. The Omicron-descendent XBB lineage and XBB.1.5 sub-lineage became variants of interest in March 2023 [3]. We estimated the effectiveness of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccines against hospitalisation with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients aged ≄ 60 years with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the XBB lineage-predominant period.The ‘Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies studies’ (VEBIS) is a project of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) run under the framework con tract No. ECDC/2021/016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A szĂĄjĂŒregi daganat szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©g-hatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄnak vizsgĂĄlata

    No full text
    INST: Szakdolgozatok (Közgazdasågtudomånyi Intézet
    corecore