25 research outputs found
A szĂĄjĂŒregi szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©ghatĂ©konysĂĄga MagyarorszĂĄgon
Absztrakt
BevezetĂ©s: A szĂĄjĂŒregi daganatok jelentĆs betegsĂ©gterhet
jelentenek MagyarorszĂĄgon. CĂ©lkitƱzĂ©s: A szĂĄjĂŒregi daganatok
potenciålis szƱrési programjainak magyarorszågi költséghatékonysågåt vizsgåltåk.
Módszer: A 40 éves férfiak körében håziorvosok åltal éves
gyakorisåggal végzett szervezett szƱrés, illetve a 40 éves férfiak körében az
alapellåtås åltal végzett, kockåzati csoportokat célzó alkalmi szƱrés
költsĂ©ghatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄt hasonlĂtottĂĄk a âNincs szƱrĂ©s stratĂ©giĂĄhozâ. Az egyes
egészségi ållapotokhoz tartozó magyarorszågi hasznossågi értékeket és
egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi költsĂ©geket, valamint a szƱrĆprogramok költsĂ©gĂ©t a vizsgĂĄlat
keretĂ©ben becsĂŒltĂ©k. A kutatĂĄs fĆbb eredmĂ©nyei az egyes vizsgĂĄlt stratĂ©giĂĄk
összes egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi költsĂ©ge, a vĂĄrhatĂł Ă©letminĆsĂ©ggel korrigĂĄlt Ă©letĂ©vek,
valamint az inkrementålis költséghatékonysågi hånyadosok.
EredmĂ©nyek: A rĂĄkmegelĆzĆ ĂĄllapotok kezelĂ©sĂ©nek hatĂĄsossĂĄga
Ă©s a rĂ©szvĂ©teli arĂĄny fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben a vizsgĂĄlt szƱrĂ©si stratĂ©giĂĄk 15â20 Ă©ves
idĆtĂĄvon költsĂ©ghatĂ©konyak. A magas kockĂĄzatĂșakra irĂĄnyulĂł alkalmi szƱrĂ©s
költséghatékonyabb, mint mås vizsgålt stratégiåk.
KövetkeztetĂ©sek: MagyarorszĂĄgon a magas kockĂĄzatĂșakra
irĂĄnyulĂł alkalmi szĂĄjĂŒregi szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©ghatĂ©kony lenne. A rĂĄkmegelĆzĆ ĂĄllapotok
teråpiåinak hatåsossågåra vonatkozó modellparaméterek azonban igen
bizonytalanok, az egĂ©szsĂ©gpolitikai döntĂ©sek elĆkĂ©szĂtĂ©sĂ©hez tovĂĄbbi kutatĂĄsok
szĂŒksĂ©gesek. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(29), 1161â1170
A mentĂĄlis betegeket cĂ©lzĂł szolgĂĄltatĂĄsok hatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄnak fejlesztĂ©si lehetĆsĂ©gei kĂ©t komplex nemzetközi program tĂŒkrĂ©ben
Experiences and Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Pandemic Management in South Korea and the V4 Countries
In the first year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic, South Korea suffered significantly
less social and economic damage than the V4 countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and
Slovakia) despite less stringent restrictive measures. In order to explore the causes of the phenomenon, we examined the public health policies and pandemic management of South Korea and
the V4 countries and the social and economic outcomes of the measures. We identified the key factors
that contributed to successful public health policies and pandemic management in South Korea
by reviewing the international literature. Based on the analysis results, South Korea successfully
managed the COVID-19 pandemic thanks to the appropriate combination of non-pharmaceutical
measures and its advanced public health system. An important lesson for the V4 countries is that
successful pandemic management requires a well-functioning surveillance system, a comprehensive
testing strategy, an innovative contact tracing system, transparent government communication, and
a coordinated public health system. In addition, to develop pandemic management capabilities
and capacities in the V4 countries, continuous training of public health human resources, support
for knowledge exchange, encouragement of research on communicable disease management, and
collaboration with for-profit and non-governmental organizations are recommended
A tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©nyek szerepe a bƱnismĂ©tlĂ©s megelĆzĂ©sĂ©t cĂ©lzĂł programok finanszĂrozĂĄsĂĄban
Social impact bond (SIB) is a new financial tool, which simultaneously helps to improve public service efficiency, to achieve measurable social benefits and to provide financial return to the investors. In this article, we briefly review the theoretical framework, structure and main actors of the SIB, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this innovative financial model. We present four case studies to show the practical outcomes of evidence-based recidivism reduction programs operating in SIB structure. This article may help the development and implementation of new types of services and programs in relation to crime prevention in Hungary.A tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©ny egy Ășjfajta finanszĂrozĂĄsi technika, amely egyszerre segĂti elĆ a közszolgĂĄltatĂĄsok hatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄnak javĂtĂĄsĂĄt, a mĂ©rhetĆ tĂĄrsadalmi hasznok elĂ©rĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s a befektetĆk szĂĄmĂĄra a pĂ©nzĂŒgyi megtĂ©rĂŒlĂ©st. CikkĂŒnkben röviden ĂĄttekintjĂŒk a tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©ny elmĂ©leti hĂĄtterĂ©t, mƱködĂ©si mechanizmusĂĄt Ă©s szereplĆit, valamint a finanszĂrozĂĄsi mĂłdszer elĆnyeit Ă©s kockĂĄzatait. NĂ©gy esettanulmĂĄnyon keresztĂŒl ismertetjĂŒk a bƱnismĂ©tlĂ©s terĂŒletĂ©n megvalĂłsulĂł, bizonyĂtĂ©kokon alapulĂł Ă©s tĂĄrsadalmi hatĂĄskötvĂ©ny konstrukciĂłban mƱködĆ programok gyakorlati tapasztalatait. TanulmĂĄnyunk elĆsegĂtheti hazĂĄnkban az ĂșjfĂ©le szolgĂĄltatĂĄsok, programok fejlesztĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s megvalĂłsĂtĂĄsĂĄt a bƱnismĂ©tlĂ©s megelĆzĂ©s terĂŒletĂ©n
Az epidemiolĂłgiai surveillance Ă©s jĂĄrvĂĄnymatematikai elĆrejelzĂ©sek szerepe a pandĂ©miĂĄs hullĂĄmok megelĆzĂ©sĂ©ben, mĂ©rsĂ©klĂ©sĂ©ben â hol tartunk most, Ă©s hovĂĄ kellene eljutni
A JĂĄrvĂĄnymatematikai Ă©s EpidemiolĂłgiai Projekt egy egyedĂŒlĂĄllĂł kezdemĂ©nyezĂ©s MagyarorszĂĄgon, mely jelentĆs tudĂĄst Ă©s tapasztalatot halmozott fel a COVIDâ19 vilĂĄgjĂĄrvĂĄny sorĂĄn. Jelen tanulmĂĄny a pandĂ©mia 2. hullĂĄmĂĄnak pĂ©ldĂĄjĂĄn keresztĂŒl ĂĄttekinti, hogy mikĂ©nt mƱködött a jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi Ă©szlelĂ©s Ă©s monitorozĂĄs rendszere, hogyan, milyen eredmĂ©nyekkel vĂ©geztĂ©k a projekt munkatĂĄrsai a helyzet- Ă©s kockĂĄzatĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©st, az elĆrejelzĂ©sek kĂ©szĂtĂ©sĂ©t, vĂ©gĂŒl javaslatokat fogalmaz meg a surveillance- Ă©s elĆrejelzĆ rendszer fejlesztĂ©sĂ©re a jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi biztonsĂĄg növelĂ©se Ă©rdekĂ©ben.A 2. jĂĄrvĂĄnyhullĂĄm 2020. jĂșnius 22. Ă©s 2021. januĂĄr 24. között zajlott MagyarorszĂĄgon, melynek sorĂĄn a megerĆsĂtett COVIDâ19 esetek szĂĄma 356 197 fĆ volt, ami az elsĆ hullĂĄmban regisztrĂĄlt esetszĂĄm 87-szerese. Ăsszesen 12 226 megerĆsĂtett COVIDâ19 halĂĄlesetet regisztrĂĄltak, az elsĆ hullĂĄmban jelentett szĂĄm 21-szeresĂ©t. Az orszĂĄgos R Ă©rtĂ©k elĆször 2020 augusztusĂĄban emelkedett 1,0 fölĂ©. Mintegy 3 hĂ©ttel azutĂĄn, hogy az R Ă©rtĂ©k augusztus utolsĂł hetĂ©ben tartĂłsan 1,0 fölĂ© emelkedett, a halĂĄlos kimenetelƱ COVIDâ19 esetszĂĄmok növekedĂ©se is elindult, mivel a fiatalokrĂłl a jĂĄrvĂĄny az idĆsebb korosztĂĄlyokra is ĂĄtterjedt. Mindezt a matematikai modellezĂ©si eredmĂ©nyek hetekkel korĂĄbban jeleztĂ©k. November elejĂ©n az elĆrejelzĂ©s 12 000 fĆ feletti kĂłrhĂĄzi ĂĄpoltat vetĂtett elĆre a karĂĄcsonyi idĆszakra, melynek el-kerĂŒlĂ©sĂ©re kormĂĄnyzati intĂ©zkedĂ©scsomag kĂ©szĂŒlt. A 2020. november 11-i szigorĂtĂĄs a jĂĄrvĂĄnyt az eredeti pĂĄlyĂĄrĂłl eltĂ©rĂtette, Ăgy a kĂłrhĂĄzban kezeltek szĂĄma a 2. hullĂĄmban az elĆrejelzĂ©snek megfelelĆen 8018 fĆnĂ©l elĂ©rte a csĂșcsot, majd csökkenni kezdett. JanuĂĄr elejĂ©n a modellezĂ©s azt mutatta, hogy a lecsengĆ szakaszban, az akkori intĂ©zkedĂ©sek mellett is kĂ©pes az idĆközben hazĂĄnkban is megjelent Ășj variĂĄns, a gyorsabban terjedĆ SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7, jĂĄrvĂĄny-ĂŒgyi fordulatot hozni, ami szintĂ©n megvalĂłsult. ĂsszessĂ©gĂ©ben az epidemiolĂłgiai helyzetĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©s Ă©s matematikai modellezĂ©s kĂ©pes volt a mĂĄsodik hullĂĄm minden fĆ aspektusĂĄt idĆben Ă©s jĂłl megragadni, a veszĂ©lyes folyamatokat elĆre jelezni Ă©s ezzel lehetĆsĂ©get adni a gyors reagĂĄlĂĄsra. A 2. hullĂĄm tapasztalatai megmutattĂĄk, hogy a jĂĄrvĂĄnymatematikai Ă©s epidemiolĂłgiai kĂ©pessĂ©gek milyen hozzĂĄ-adott Ă©rtĂ©kkel bĂrnak a döntĂ©stĂĄmogatĂĄsban. Az Ă©szlelĂ©si Ă©s elĆrejelzĂ©si rendszereink megerĆsĂtĂ©se Ă©s a matematikai modellezĂ©ssel egysĂ©ges keretrendszerben törtĂ©nĆ tovĂĄbbfejlesztĂ©se tovĂĄbbi lehetĆsĂ©geket nyithat meg az Ă©szlelĂ©s, megelĆzĂ©s, egĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi Ă©s gazdasĂĄgi kĂĄrok elhĂĄrĂtĂĄsa Ă©rdekĂ©ben szĂŒksĂ©ges döntĂ©si folyamatok bizonyĂtĂ©kalapĂș tĂĄmogatĂĄsĂĄban, Ă©s az orszĂĄg jĂĄrvĂĄnyĂŒgyi biztonsĂĄgĂĄnak növelĂ©sĂ©ben
Real-time monitoring of the effectiveness of six COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in Hungary in 2021 using the screening method
Several studies have reported the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. This study
aims to demonstrate the applicability of the screening method for estimating vaccine effectiveness
(VE) in a pandemic. We report VE in Hungary, estimated with the screening method, in 2021, covering
a period of Alpha and the Delta variant, including the booster dose roll-out. Hungary is in a unique
position to use six different vaccines in the same population. All vaccines provided a high level
of protection initially, which declined over time. While the picture is different in each age group,
the waning of immunity is apparent for all vaccines, especially in the younger age groups and the
Sinopharm, Sputnik-V, and AstraZeneca vaccines, which performed similarly. This is clearly reversed
by booster doses, more prominent for those three vaccines, where the decline in protection is more
evident. Overall, two vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, tend to produce the best results in all
age groups, even with waning immunity considered. Using the screening method in future pandemic
waves is worthwhile, especially in countries struggling with a lack of resources or when there is a
need to deliver VE results within a short timeframe due to urgent decision-making
Characteristics of the Third COVID-19 Pandemic Wave with Special Focus on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Morbidity, Mortality and the Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination in Hungary.
Governments are increasingly looking to vaccination to provide a path out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hungary offers an example to investigate whether social inequalities compromise what a successful vaccine program can achieve. COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and vaccination coverage were characterized by calculation of indirectly standardized ratios in the Hungarian population during the third pandemic wave at the level of municipalities, classified into deprivation quintiles. Then, their association with socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using ecological regression. Compared to the national average, people living in the most deprived municipalities had a 15-24% lower relative incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases, but a 17-37% higher relative mortality and a 38% lower vaccination coverage. At an ecological level, COVID-19 mortality showed a strong positive association with deprivation and an inverse association with vaccination coverage (RRVaccination = 0.86 (0.75-0.98)), but the latter became non-significant after adjustment for deprivation (RRVaccination = 0.95 (0.84-1.09), RRDeprivation = 1.10 (1.07-1.14)). Even what is widely viewed as one of the more successful vaccine roll outs was unable to close the gap in COVID-19 mortality during the third pandemic wave in Hungary. This is likely to be due to the challenges of reaching those living in the most deprived municipalities who experienced the highest mortality rates during the third wave
Effectiveness of the adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalisation in individuals aged â„âŻ60 years during the Omicron XBB lineage-predominant period: VEBIS SARI VE network, Europe, February to August, 2023
Members of the European Hospital Vaccine Effectiveness Group: Portugal: Ana Paula Rodrigues, DĂ©bora Pereira, Susana Costa Maia e Silva, Paula Pinto, Cristina BĂĄrbara, AntĂłnio Pais de Lacerda, Raquel Guiomar and Camila Henriques.The European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorised four adapted bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for use against COVID-19 in September/October 2022: Comirnaty (BNT162b2; Pfizer-BioNTech) and Spikevax (mRNA-1273; Moderna) Original/Omicron BA.1 and Original/Omicron BA.4â5 [1]. During autumn 2022, all European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries had vaccination campaigns in place to administer a booster dose, with several countries using the adapted bivalent vaccines [2]. The Omicron-descendent XBB lineage and XBB.1.5 sub-lineage became variants of interest in March 2023 [3]. We estimated the effectiveness of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccines against hospitalisation with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients agedââ„â60 years with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the XBB lineage-predominant period.The âVaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies studiesâ (VEBIS) is a project of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) run under the framework con tract No. ECDC/2021/016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A szĂĄjĂŒregi daganat szƱrĂ©s költsĂ©g-hatĂ©konysĂĄgĂĄnak vizsgĂĄlata
INST: Szakdolgozatok (Közgazdasågtudomånyi Intézet