Our Place in the World: A New Relationship for Environmental Ethics and Law

Forty years ago, at the birth of environmental law, both legal and philosophical luminaries assumed that the new field would be closely connected with environmental ethics. Instead, the two grew dramatically apart. This article diagnoses that divorce and proposes a rapprochement. Environmental law has always grown through changes in public values: for this and other reasons, it cannot do without ethics. Law and ethics are most relevant to each other when there are large open questions in environmental politics: lawmakers act only when some ethical clarity arises; but law can itself assist in that ethical development. This is true now in a set of emerging issues: the law of food systems, animal rights, and climate change. This article draws on philosophy, history, and neuroscience to develop an account of the ethical changes that might emerge from each of these issues, and proposes legal reforms to foster that ethical development

Governing the sea rescue service in Sweden: communicating in networks

This paper discusses how various actors communicate about and coordinate sea rescue activities in networks. We combine a network approach with theories of inter-organization communication to understand how communication can facilitate or limit coordination in networks. Search and rescue officers retain the overall authority to direct rescue missions, and coordination with several other professions is central to this. When coordinating different professional actors in a network it is important to develop trust, legitimacy, and a shared and uniform understanding of the situation and of how to act. Communication deficiencies often result from the fact that involved actors belong to different organizations with different cultures or representing different professions. The greatest gap we found was between those working and not working at sea, and between those habitually or seldom involved in rescue activities. Communication comprises more than simply exchanging information; it also entails the forging of relationships, to facilitate future coordination and cooperation and to develop mutual trust and understanding. In any rescue operation it is important that the actors interpret communication in the same way and act according to a shared pattern. Joint training and follow-up are important conditions for continuous learning and development in this regard.This is an electronic version of an article published in:Jenny Palm and Eva Törnqvist, Governing the sea rescue service in Sweden: communicating in networks, 2008, Journal of Risk Research, (11), 1, 269-280.Journal of Risk Research is available online at informaworldTM: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669870801939449Copyright: Taylor & Francishttp://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/default.as

En värdig död : ur ett närståendeperspektiv

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder närstående uppfattar som viktiga för att deras anhörig ska få en värdig död. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och litteratur söktes i databaserna Elin, Cinahl och Pubmed. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar varav både kvalitativa och kvantitativa valdes, granskades och sammanställdes. I resultatet framkom sex kategorier: symtomkontroll, vårdmiljö, kommunikation, delaktighet, efter döden och andlighet. För att befrämja en värdig död var symtomkontrollen av vikt då lidandet skapar stress hos närstående. I vårdmiljön var det viktigt med avskildhet, lugn och ro och möjlighet för närstående att närvara . I kommunikationen var det viktigt att vara tydlig, uppriktig och upprepande . Även vänlighet och engagemang från vårdpersonalen hade stor betydelse. Det var av vikt att närstående och patient var delaktiga i vård och behandling men fick inte belastas med för stort ansvar. Efter döden behövde närstående få god tid att ta farväl. Ett uppföljande möte kunde hjälpa till att reda ut missförstånd som uppkommit under patientens sista tid i livet. Andlig styrka hos närstående kunde innebära att även i sorg och saknad fanns hoppet kvar. Det var av vikt att alla jobbade mot samma mål och att närstående blev delaktig i vården av dess anhörig. För att närstående till en döende eller avliden patient skulle uppleva att döden var värdig behövdes en sammantagen helhet i omvårdnaden

En värdig död : ur ett närståendeperspektiv

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder närstående uppfattar som viktiga för att deras anhörig ska få en värdig död. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och litteratur söktes i databaserna Elin, Cinahl och Pubmed. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar varav både kvalitativa och kvantitativa valdes, granskades och sammanställdes. I resultatet framkom sex kategorier: symtomkontroll, vårdmiljö, kommunikation, delaktighet, efter döden och andlighet. För att befrämja en värdig död var symtomkontrollen av vikt då lidandet skapar stress hos närstående. I vårdmiljön var det viktigt med avskildhet, lugn och ro och möjlighet för närstående att närvara . I kommunikationen var det viktigt att vara tydlig, uppriktig och upprepande . Även vänlighet och engagemang från vårdpersonalen hade stor betydelse. Det var av vikt att närstående och patient var delaktiga i vård och behandling men fick inte belastas med för stort ansvar. Efter döden behövde närstående få god tid att ta farväl. Ett uppföljande möte kunde hjälpa till att reda ut missförstånd som uppkommit under patientens sista tid i livet. Andlig styrka hos närstående kunde innebära att även i sorg och saknad fanns hoppet kvar. Det var av vikt att alla jobbade mot samma mål och att närstående blev delaktig i vården av dess anhörig. För att närstående till en döende eller avliden patient skulle uppleva att döden var värdig behövdes en sammantagen helhet i omvårdnaden

Growth hormone stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 and its association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in primary adipocytes

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to insulin resulting in association with and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), thereby initiating some of the effects of insulin. We have recently shown that the insulin-like effects of growth hormone (GH) in adipocytes can be inhibited by the selective PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (Ridderstrale, M., and Tornqvist, H. (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 203, 306-310), suggesting a similar role for PI 3-kinase in GH action. Here we show that IRS-1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in a time- and dose-dependent manner in response to GH in primary rat adipocytes. This phosphorylation coincided with the extent of interaction between IRS-1 and the 85-kDa subunit of PI 3-kinase as evidenced by coimmunoprecipitation. Stimulation with 23 nM GH increased the PI 3-kinase activity associated with IRS1 4-fold. Our data suggest that GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and the subsequent docking of PI 3-kinase are important postreceptor events in GH action. The mechanism for the phosphorylation of IRS-1 induced by GH is unknown, but involvement of JAK2, the only known GH receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, seems possible

Hastily Formed Networks for Disaster Response : Technical Heterogeneity and Virtual Pockets of Local Order

As natural and man-made disasters become increasingly common, ensuring effective disaster response, mitigation and recovery is growing into a high-priority task for governments and administrations globally. This paper describes the challenges of collaboration within multi-organisational hastily formed networks for post-disaster response, which are increasingly relying on emerging ICT infrastructures for communication and cooperation. We present an interdisciplinary analysis of the conditions for establishing an effective mutual conversation space for involved stakeholders, and how the development of socio-technological systems affects cognitive and behavioural aspects such as established communities of practice and virtual pockets of local order. Our observations thus far suggest that some of the key issues are overcoming organisational and cultural heterogeneity, and finding solutions for technical interoperability, to ensure effective, pervasive and sustainable information exchange within and between organisations participating in hastily formed networks.Hastily Formed Networks with Heterogeneous User

Marketing Environment Analysis and Development Opportunities of Valodu Vēstniecība Ltd. Ventspils Affiliate

This paper proposes a model for describing resilience in emergency management of irregular events. The purpose of our model is to describe three parallel developments in an emergency response scenario. Namely, changes in the ongoing events processes, the actors' sensemaking and control functions, and the technologies used for sensemaking and control. Focusing on the three separate developments enables identifying resilience in the choice of control functions and technologies in response to foreseen and actual process changes, their consequences and new disturbances. Our model was created following an emergency exercise that proved to be difficult to analyse with respect to resilience using existing models. We use the exercise to illustrate and apply our model through a qualitative analysis

Establishing conversation spaces in hastily formed networks : the worst fire in modern Swedish history

In presenting examples from the most extensive and demanding fire in modern Swedish history, this paper describes challenges facing hastily formed networks in exceptional situations. Two concepts that have been used in the analysis of the socio-technical systems that make up a response are conversation space and sensemaking. This paper argues that a framework designed to promote understanding of the sensemaking process must take into consideration the time at which as well as the location in which an individual is engaged in an event. In hastily formed networks, location is partly mediated through physical systems that form conversation spaces of players and their interaction practices. This paper identifies and discusses four challenges to the formation of shared conversation spaces. It is based on the case study of the 2006 Bodträskfors forest fire in Sweden and draws on the experiences of organised volunteers and firefighters who participated in a hastily formed network created to combat the fire.