Influência da temperatura e do teor de umidade na respiração dos grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.).

O armazenamento do café sob condições inadequadas é considerado um dos principais fatores determinantes de perdas qualitativas e quantitativas. A perda de matéria seca, associada à atividade respiratória dos grãos, pode estar intimamente relacionada à sua perda qualitativa. No presente estudo objetivou-se quantificar a produção de CO2 e a perda de matéria seca em função do teor de umidade dos grãos de café da espécie Coffea arabica L., em diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizados grãos de café com pergaminho, da espécie Coffea arabica L., variedade Catuaí Vermelho, com teores de umidade de aproximadamente 0,11; 0,14; 0,16; 0,19 e 0,22 (b.s.) e temperaturas de 15, 25 e 35ºC. A análise quantitativa da produção de CO2 foi realizada por meio de um respirômetro, a perda de matéria seca foi calculada através de relações estequiométricas específicas e fórmulas. Com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que a produção de CO2 e a perda de matéria seca, foram influenciadas pelo teor de umidade e pela temperatura. A maior produção de CO2 e perda de matéria seca foram observadas para o teor de umidade de 21,95% (b.s.) e temperatura de 35°C e a menor foi observada para 11,11 e 13,64% (b.s.) e temperatura de 15°C

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. eucalyptorum pv. nov. causing bacterial leaf blight on eucalypt in Brazil.

Bacterial leaf blight is a major disease of eucalypt, especially under nursery conditions. Different bacterial species have been associated with the disease in several countries, and despite its importance worldwide, it is not clear to date whether similar disease symptoms are caused by the same or by different etiological agents. In this study, 43 bacterial strains were isolated from blighted eucalypt leaves collected in different geographic areas of Brazil and inoculated onto a susceptible eucalypt clone. Polyphasic taxonomy, including morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and pathogenicity tests showed that only certain strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis caused symptoms of the disease. Strains varied in their aggressiveness, but no correlation with geographic origin was observed. MLSA-based phylogenetic analysis using concatenated dnaK, fyuA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequences allocated the strains in a well-defined clade, corresponding to Rademarker?s group RG 9.6. Inoculation of nineteen plant species belonging to seven botanical families with representative strain LPF 602 showed it to be pathogenic only on Eucalyptus spp, and Corymbia spp. Based on distinct biochemical and pathogenic characteristics that differentiate the eucalypt strains from other pathovars of the X. axonopodis species, here we propose their allocation into the new pathovar X. axonopodis pv. eucalyptorum pv. nov

Efeito Do Sistema De Plantio E Doses Do Nicosulfuron Sobre A Atividade Microbiana Do Solo

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atrazine + nicosulfuron on soil microbial activity, under the conventional and no-tillage systems. The experiment was carried out in an area of maize-brachiaria intercropping, where atrazine + nicosulfuron were applied at (1,500 + 10 and 1,500 + 30 g h -1) with a weed-handed area being maintained without prior cultivation and another area without weed control. At flowering, soil samples were collected to determine the rate of CO 2 unfastening, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and metabolic quotient (qCO 2) using the relation between accumulated CO 2 and MBC. The rate of CO 2 unfastening was lower only in plots without weed control. MBC was higher in the no-tillage system, being negatively affected due to the absence of vegetation. Lower MBC was observed in the weed-handed areas, probably due to the absence of straw. Under no-tillage system conditions, no difference was observed between the soil treatments with herbicide application and those without weed control. It can be concluded that the evaluated microbiological indicators were sensitive to the treatments, showing lower soil disturbance under no-tillage system conditions. However, in crop-livestock integration under the conventional system, the negative herbicide effect increase of nicosulfuron rate