Internal migration in Germany in 1990 and 2005

DOI: 10.2478/v10089-009-0007-0The article seeks to answer the questions concerning the possibility of identifying regular patterns within internal migration in the towns and rural areas of the Federal Republic of Germany as well as factors contributing to regional variations in the process. The research involves 439 German counties (Kreise) and compares data on internal migration in the country in the years 1991 and 2005, i.e. from its reunifi cation until the year 2005. The 15-year period of functioning of one reunited state has been assumed suffi cient for capturing some regularities and trends

Media as a determinant of the sexuality of young Poles

Objective of the work: The aim of this study is to learn about the influence of the media on the sexuality of young Poles. Material and methods: The diagnostic survey method and the survey technique were used, based on the research tool which was the original questionnaire. 310 respondents, different in terms of sex, faith, place of residence and education, current family situation, aged from 16 to 21, participated in the study. Statistical analysis was carried out with the use of Exel 2019 and the SPSS Statisctics package, version 25, using the ANOVA analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney and H Kruskal-Wallis t-tests. The data collection stage was carried out in the period from October to December 2019, via the Internet. Results and conclusions: Both men and women participating in the study view sexual, erotic and pornographic content in the mass media available to them, but women viewed pornographic content significantly less often than men. The main source of knowledge about sexuality for young Poles is the Internet. Television is relatively rare. Most of the respondents find it difficult to assess whether the media is a credible source of information on human sexuality. Most of the survey participants believe that the media content does not accelerate sexual initiation and does not affect their attitude towards sex. Believers were much less likely to support the credibility of mass media in the context of sexuality than non-believers. Key words: sexuality, sexual behavior, youth, medi

Effects of Growth Type, Sowing Date, and Sowing Rate on the Canopy Architecture, Protein Yields, and Oil Yields of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

A split-split-plot design was used to evaluate the effects of sowing dates and sowing rates on three winter rape cultivars, including ‘PR45D03’, a semi-dwarf hybrid, ‘PR46W31’, a traditional hybrid, and ‘Californium’, an open-pollinated cultivar. August 25 was the optimal sowing date for maximizing protein and oil yields across all three cultivars. Of the cultivars, the traditional hybrid, ‘PR46W31’, produced the highest protein and oil yields on that date. The yields of the semi-dwarf hybrid, ‘PR45D03, were greater than those of the open-pollinated cultivar, ‘Californium’, when these were sown later than the optimal date. Protein and oil yields did not differ significantly among different seeding densities

Reakcja kukurydzy uprawianej na ziarno po zastosowaniu osadów ściekowych

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the agricultural use of sewage sludge in corn for grain, in the year of application and follow up effect after one and two years after its application. The study was conducted on the variety PR39G12 on the field after the 5-year monoculture corn. Sewage sludge was used in accordance with the Directive of Minister of Environment allowing application of 10 t dry mater per ha-1 once every five years. Fertilization with sludge of maize grown for grain did not cause differences in the growth and development of plants, compared to mineral fertilized objects, as well as did not exceed the limit value for heavy metals content in above-ground plant parts. Maize grown using sewage sludge yielded higher than the objects fertilized with mineral, especially in conditions of extreme drought, which occurred in 2006. Beneficial effect of sewage sludge was maintained in the next two years after application and stabilized the grain yield of maize.Celem pracy była ocena efektów rolniczego wykorzystania komunalnych osadów ściekowych w uprawie kukurydzy na ziarno, w roku zastosowania oraz w kolejnych dwóch latach działania następczego. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem odmiany PR39G12, na polu po 5-cio letniej monokulturze kukurydzy. Osad ściekowy stosowano zgodnie z ówczesnym rozporządzeniem Ministra Środowiska dopuszczającym aplikację w dawce 10 ton s.m.·ha-1 raz na 5 lat. Nawożenie osadem ściekowym kukurydzy, uprawianej z przeznaczeniem na ziarno, nie spowodowało różnic we wzroście i rozwoju roślin w porównaniu do obiektów nawożonych mineralnie, jak również nie powodowało przekroczenia dopuszczalnych zawartości metali ciężkich w nadziemnych częściach roślin. Kukurydza uprawiana z wykorzystaniem osadów ściekowych plonowała wyżej niż na obiektach nawożonych mineralnie, zwłaszcza w warunkach ekstremalnej suszy, jaka wystąpiła w 2006 roku. Korzystne oddziaływanie osadu ściekowego utrzymywało się w kolejnych dwóch latach od jego zastosowania oraz stabilizowało plon ziarna kukurydzy

Tribological characteristics of materials used for carbon disc heart valve

Carbon materials (glassy carbon or C/C composite) are used for the production of mechanical heart valves. Due to the extremely sensitive place of their implantation, they must meet numerous requirements: mechanical strength, chemical resistance, biotolerance, and a high resistance to tribological wear. The paper presents tribological and micromechanical research results of carbon materials at various stages of their production. In order to perform the analysis of tribological characteristics, the measurement methodology for the ball-on-disk tester (T-01) has been developed. This may allow a comparison of the results obtained with those received on the nanotribometers

Natriuretic peptide pathways in heart failure in the context of the analysis of the mechanism of action and potential usages of sacubitril/valsartan

Introduction and purpose Heart failure has become a civilization disease, affecting 1-2% of the world's population. It is a condition with various etiologies and phenotypes. The annual mortality rate due to heart failure is approximately 10%, with organ dysfunction caused by hypoperfusion and sudden cardiac death being the leading causes of death. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge of heart failure, focusing on its pathophysiology, and the mechanism of action and applications of sacubitril/valsartan.   Material and methods The following review was based on articles from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Key search terms included pathophysiology of heart failure; natriuretic peptide pathways; treatment of heart failure; sacubitril/valsartan.   Conclusions Heart failure is a syndrome marked by the activation of various neurohormonal systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and natriuretic peptides (NP). Historically, the therapeutic approach has focused on reducing RAAS activity and SNS activity. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to potential benefits associated with the NP system. Following disappointing outcomes from studies involving neprilysin (NEP) inhibitors, administered alone or in conjunction with an ACE inhibitor and vasopeptidase inhibitors, there have been findings with the pharmacological class termed ARNI (angiotensin receptor and NEP inhibitors). Sacubitril/valsartan has proven to be an effective and safe treatment that reduces the need for hospitalization, enhances the quality of life and longevity of patients with chronic HFrEF

Związek układu serotoninergicznego i układu sercowo-naczyniowego

Serotonin plays an important role in regulating the cardiovascular system. Drugs widely used in the treatment of depression, migraine, Parkinson’s disease or obesity affect the serotonergic system. The use of these compounds causes both acute and chronic effects, depending on the type of activated 5-HT receptor and its location. An acute cardiac response to 5-HT, known as Bezold-Jarisch reflex, leads to bradycardia and hypotension. The chronic contribution of serotonin may be associated with fibrosis and cardiac valve degeneration. This article analyses the impact of 5-HT receptors activation on the cardiovascular system and describes side effects of this activation and new therapies targeting this system.Serotonina (5-HT) odgrywa istotną rolę w regulacji układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Leki wpływające na układ serotoninergiczny powszechnie stosuje się w terapii depresji, migreny, choroby Parkinsona czy otyłości. W zależności od rodzaju aktywowanego receptora 5-HT i jego lokalizacji przyjmowanie tych związków może prowadzić do ostrych i przewlekłych skutków. Przykładem takiego oddziaływania jest ostra odpowiedź kardiologiczna na serotoninę, zwana odruchem Bezolda-Jarisha, która prowadzi do bradykardii i hipotonii. Przewlekła ekspozycja na nadmiar serotoniny może natomiast łączyć się z włóknieniem i zwyrodnieniem zastawek serca. W artykule omówiono wpływ aktywacji poszczególnychreceptorów 5-HT na układ sercowo-naczyniowy, działania niepożądane stosowanych leków, a także wskazano nowemożliwości terapii

Analiza odstępu QT u pacjentów z jadłowstrętem psychicznym

Objective: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias, which are considered to be associated with QT interval prolongation. The aims of this study was to analyse the QT interval in patients with AN considering the potential impact of pharmacotherapy and to verify various QT correction formulas. Method: Fifty-six patients hospitalized with AN (average age: 22.8±5.6 years; F/M: 54/2, mean BMI=13.6±2.6 kg/m2) were enrolled to analysis: Group non-D (n=44; 78,6%) included patients, who did not use drugs that prolong the QT interval, group D (n=12; 21,4%) included patients, who were treated with such drugs. QT intervals were measured in a 12-lead ECG and corrected using the four formulas: Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham and Hodges. Results: Mean heart rate (HR) was similar in both groups (61±16.3 bpm in group D vs 63.1±18.7 bpm in non-D, p > 0.05). Pathological bradycardia (HR < 50 bpm) was present in 5 patients (41.7%) in group D and in 13 patients (29.5%) in group non-D. QTc interval corrected with Framingham formula was longer in Group-D (459±81ms) vs non D-group (413±33ms) p=0.04. QT interval corrected with Bazett and Hodges formulas was significantly dependent on HR (R= -0.29, p=0.03 and R= -0.42, p=0.001, respectively). Influence of HR on results of Fridericia and Framingham formulas was not significant (R = -0.22, p=0.1 and R = -0.11, p=0.4). Conclussions: Information about pharmacotherapy in AN patients is key for QTc assessment. Choice of correction formula has impact on the QTc. QTc obtained using Framingham and Fridericia formulas were the least dependent on heart rate.Cel: pacjenci z jadłowstrętem psychicznym (AN) są narażeni na zwiększone ryzyko komorowych zaburzeń rytmu, które są związane z wydłużeniem odstępu QT. Celem pracy była analiza odstępu QT u pacjentów z AN z uwzględnieniem potencjalnego wpływu farmakoterapii oraz weryfikacja różnych formuł korekcji QT. Metoda: Do analizy włączono 56 pacjentów hospitalizowanych z powodu AN (średni wiek: 22,8 ± 5,6 lat; K / M: 54/2, średni BMI = 13,6 ± 2,6 kg / m2): grupę non-D (n = 44; 78,6%) stanowili chorzy niestosujący leków wydłużających odstęp QT, grupa D (n = 12; 21,4%) to chorzy, którzy byli leczeni takimi lekami. Odstępy QT mierzono w 12-odprowadzeniowym EKG i korygowano przy użyciu czterech wzorów: Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham i Hodges. Wyniki: Średnia częstość akcji serca (HR) była podobna w obu grupach (61 ± 16,3 bpm w grupie D vs 63,1 ± 18,7 bpm w non-D, p> 0,05). Bradykardia (H

Imidazolidine-4-one derivatives in the search for novel chemosensitizers of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA : synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies

A series of amine derivatives of 5-aromatic imidazolidine-4-ones (7–19), representing three subgroups: piperazine derivatives of 5-arylideneimidazolones (7–13), piperazine derivatives of 5-arylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione (14–16) and primary amines of 5-naphthyl-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-diones (17–19), was evaluated for their ability to improve antibiotics effectiveness in two strains of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus: ATCC 25923 (a reference strain) and MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus) HEMSA 5 (a resistant clinical isolate). The latter compounds (17–19) were obtained by 4-step synthesis using Bucherer-Bergs condensation, two-phase bromoalkylation and Gabriel reactions. The naphthalen derivative: (Z)-5-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)-3H-imidazol-4(5H)-one (10) was the most potent in combination with β-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin against the resistant strain. The high potency to increase efficacy of oxacillin was noted for (Z)-5-(anthracen-10-ylmethylene)-2-(piperazin-1-yl)-3H-imidazol-4(5H)one (12) too. In order to explain the mechanism of action of the compounds 10 and 12, docking studies with the use of crystal structures of a penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and MecR1 were carried out. Their outcomes suggested that the most probable mechanism of action of the active compounds is the interaction with MecR1. Molecular dynamic experiments performed for the active compounds and compound 13 (structurally similar to 12) supported this hypothesis and provided possible explanation of activity dependencies of the tested compounds in terms of the restoration of antibiotic efficacy in S. aureus MRSA HEMSA 5