Genetic structure of Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) populations in the Carpathian Basin

The patte rn of genetic variation in a butterfly species depend s on the pa st history of the given 2 species and also on recent evolutionary processes affecting its populations . The aim of the 3 pr esent study was (i) to analyse the enzyme polymorphism in the Clouded Apollo populations 4 of the Carpathian Basin to reveal the contemporary pattern of their genetic differentiation and 5 (ii) to compare it with an expanded mtDNA haplotype network of the SE E uropean 6 populations. Allozyme polymorphism was analysed in 22 populations of four geographic 7 regions: Transdanubian ( TM ) and North Hungarian Mountains ( NM ), Körös (KÖR) and Bereg 8 – Apuseni – East Carpathian regions (BEAC). The results of the Bayesian clust ering analyses 9 based on allozyme s supported the presence of three main genetic lineages in the Carpathian 10 Basin : o ne was typical for TM , another was characteristic for NM and the third cluster was 11 predominant in K ÖR. T he populations of BEAC harboured a mix ture of two clusters. The 12 mtDNA haplotype network suggested a fairly similar distribution: the peri - Alpine clade 13 together with the West Balkan clade was detected in TM , while the East Balkan clade occurred 14 in NM , partly in TR and in the two eastern regions of the Basin (KÖR and BAEC). The 15 incongruities between the results of the mtDNA and allozyme studies can be explained by the 16 different time scales represented by the two markers. The mtDNA haplotype network provided 17 strong evidence concerning the existenc e of two Balkan lineages , which probably formed a 18 “zone of admixture” in the Transdanubian and North Hungarian Mountains . The possibility of 19 Last Glacial survival of P. mnemosyne in the Carpathian Basin and the conservation 20 implications of these results ar e discussed

Környezetpolitikai tervek és stratégiák az Európai Unióban és Magyarországon = Environmental programmes and strategies in the European Union and Hungary

A fenntartható fejlődési stratégiák kimunkálásának és továbbfejlesztésének általánossá válása az elmúlt évtized fontos folyamata volt az egész világon, s az előttünk álló évtizedben minden bizonnyal az is marad. Kutatásunk az alábbi főbb területekre terjedt ki: Az Európai Unió és tagországai által kidolgozott nemzeti fenntartható fejlődési stratégiák dokumentumainak teljes körű átfogó, áttekintő, kritikai elemzése, összpontosítva a politikai integráltságra, társadalmi részvételre, koordinációs mechanizmusokra és intézményekre, az EU FFS, más EU stratégiák és az nffs-ek kapcsolatára, az egyéb nemzeti politikai dokumentumokkal való összhangra és megkülönböztetett figyelemmel a mezőgazdasági vonatkozásokra A makroszintű stratégiaalkotás fogalmi kereteinek elemzése, ellentmondásainak vizsgálata, az elméleti háttér hiányának bizonyítása A nemzeti fenntartható fejlődési stratégiákhoz kapcsolódó útmutatók és értékelési eljárások nemzetközi szintű áttekintése, azok szempontjainak csoportosítása és hiányosságaik feltárása Rövid összefoglaló következtetésünk a következő lehet: a fenntarthatósági politikák alapvető különbsége ma abban rejlik, hogy az azt meghatározó politikai és értelmiségi elitben, s a rájuk nyomást gyakorló civil társadalomban milyen mértékben és főként hogyan tudatosult a fenntartható fejlődés koncepciója, illetve ezzel kapcsolatban milyen értékrend alakult ki. | Preparing and reviewing existing sustainable development strategies have proven to be vital processes over the last decade, and they will probably pose a significant challenge in forthcoming years. Our research covered the following main points: A comprehensive, critical analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development prepared by the European Union and its Member States. We placed special emphasis on policy integration, stakeholder participation, institutional co-ordination, the relationship between the national strategies and the EU SDS, as well as other international strategies, along with their harmony with other national policy documents. Our analysis focused on agricultural issues presented in these strategies. Analysing the conceptual framework and the contradictions of macro-level strategy design, we also explored the shortcomings of the theoretical background to the creation of these strategies. Reviewing the international guides and evaluation procedures related to national sustainable development strategies, we classified their various aspects and explored their shortcomings. The short summary of our conclusions is the following: the basic difference among the sustainability strategies lies in the level of awareness about the concept of sustainability and the related system of values as experienced by the political and intellectual elite and civil society

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes identify nuanced dietary changes from the Bronze and Iron Ages on the Great Hungarian Plain

The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C 3 diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δ 15 N values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than in the Iron Age. Interestingly, the Füzesabony have carbon values typical of C 4 vegetation indicating millet consumption, or that of a grain with comparable δ 13 C ratios, which corroborates evidence from outside the GHP for its early cultivation during the Middle Bronze Age. Finally, our results also suggest locally diverse subsistence economies for GHP Scythians

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia: a Mixed Methods Assessment

BACKGROUND: Leadership of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia created the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion committee in 2018 to prioritize diversity work. The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia-Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion committee implemented a baseline survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia membership in 2020 to assess demographics, equity in leadership, inclusivity, and attitudes toward diversity work. The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia plays a significant role in shaping the future of pediatric anesthesiology and in supporting our diverse pediatric patients. METHODS: This study is an IRB-exempt, cross-sectional survey of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia membership. Quantitative analysis provided descriptive statistics of demographics, practice characteristics, and involvement within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia. Qualitative thematic analysis provided an in-depth assessment of perceptions of diversity, challenges faced, and prioritization of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion efforts within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia. RESULTS: Out of 3,242 Society for Pediatric Anesthesia members, 1,232 completed the survey representing 38% of overall membership. Respondents were 89.2% United States members, 52.7% female, 55.7% non-Hispanic White, 88.6% heterosexual, 95.7% non-military, 59.2% religious, and 2.1% have an Americans with Disabilities Act recognized disability. All major United States geographical areas were represented equally with 71% practicing in urban areas and 67% in academic settings. Ethnic/racial minorities were more likely to be international medical graduates (p\u3c0.001). Among United States members, 41.5% report being fluent in a language other than English, and 23.5% of those fluent in another language are certified to interpret. Compared to men, women are less likely to be in leadership roles (p\u3c0.003), but we found no difference in participation and leadership when stratified by race/ethnicity, geography, international medical graduate status, or sexuality. Racial/ethnic minorities (p\u3c0.028), women (p\u3c0.001), and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer members (p\u3c0.044) more frequently hold lower academic rank positions when compared to white, heterosexual, and male members. Half of respondents were unsure whether diversity, equity, and inclusion challenges existed within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia while the other half demonstrated opposing views. Among those who reported diversity, equity, and inclusion challenges, the themes centered around persistent marginalization, the need for more inclusive policies and increased psychological safety, and lack of leadership diversity. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the diversity of the pediatric population we serve, there are still significant gaps in demographic representation within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia. As well, there is no consensus among Society for Pediatric Anesthesia membership regarding perceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion in pediatric anesthesia in the United States. Among those who reported diversity challenges, opportunities for the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia and Anesthesiology Departments to better support minoritized members included bolstering workforce diversity efforts and awareness via more inclusive policies, improved psychological safety, and increasing diversity in leadership. If pediatric anesthesiology is like other specialties, gaining consensus and improving diversity in the workforce might advance pediatric anesthesia innovation, quality, and safety for children of all backgrounds in the United States

Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 Patients: Consensus Guidelines From the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic has challenged medical systems and clinicians globally to unforeseen levels. Rapid spread of COVID-19 has forced clinicians to care for patients with a highly contagious disease without evidence-based guidelines. Using a virtual modified nominal group technique, the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI-C), which currently includes 35 hospitals from 6 countries, generated consensus guidelines on airway management in pediatric anesthesia based on expert opinion and early data about the disease. PeDI-C identified overarching goals during care, including minimizing aerosolized respiratory secretions, minimizing the number of clinicians in contact with a patient, and recognizing that undiagnosed asymptomatic patients may shed the virus and infect health care workers. Recommendations include administering anxiolytic medications, intravenous anesthetic inductions, tracheal intubation using video laryngoscopes and cuffed tracheal tubes, use of in-line suction catheters, and modifying workflow to recover patients from anesthesia in the operating room. Importantly, PeDI-C recommends that anesthesiologists consider using appropriate personal protective equipment when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures in asymptomatic children, in addition to known or suspected children with COVID-19. Airway procedures should be done in negative pressure rooms when available. Adequate time should be allowed for operating room cleaning and air filtration between surgical cases. Research using rigorous study designs is urgently needed to inform safe practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Until further information is available, PeDI-C advises that clinicians consider these guidelines to enhance the safety of health care workers during airway management when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures. These guidelines have been endorsed by the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society