Myśl i polityka: księga pamiątkowa dedykowana profesorowi Jackowi Marii Majchrowskiemu T. 2

Publikacja jubileuszowa z okazji 40-lecia pracy naukowej profesora Jacka Majchrowskieg

Improving the Energetic Efficiency of Biogas Plants Using Enzymatic Additives to Anaerobic Digestion

This study was carried out to estimate the relevance of biological supplementation in improving the economic efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD). Three kinds of silages—maize, grass, and igniscum—were initially inoculated with digestate and then supplemented with one of four vaccines containing different bacteria species (APD®, PPT®, JENOR®) or a yeast and mold mixture (HAP®). In addition, each plant silage was fermented without any additives (control A—maize silage, B—grass silage, and C—igniscum silage). The biodegradability process was performed in batch tests at a mesophilic temperature (38 °C). To compare the energetic efficiency of AD, the process kinetics, biogas, and methane production were analyzed. We found that the applied supplementation measures improved biogas production in the case of maize and igniscum (7–62% higher than controls), but decreased the yield of AD when grass silage was fermented (2–34% lower than controls). The greatest increase in methane production (by 79%) was observed when maize silage was digested with the PPT® pretreatment, with 427 Nm3∙Mg−1 VS (volatile solids)

Repeated Clozapine Increases the Level of Serotonin 5-HT1AR Heterodimerization with 5-HT2A or Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Mouse Cortex

G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimers are new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. Dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors play an important role in neurotransmission and have been implicated in many human psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether antipsychotic drugs (clozapine (CLZ) and haloperidol (HAL)) affected the formation of heterodimers of D2–5-HT1A receptors as well as 5-HT1A–5-HT2A receptors. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to accurately visualize, for the first time, GPCR heterodimers both at in vitro and ex vivo levels. In line with our previous behavioral studies, we used ketamine to induce cognitive deficits in mice. Our study confirmed the co-localization of D2/5-HT1A and 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptors in the mouse cortex. Low-dose CLZ (0.3 mg/kg) administered repeatedly, but not CLZ at 1 mg/kg, increased the level of D2–5-HT1A and 5-HT1A–5-HT2A heterodimers in the mouse prefrontal and frontal cortex. On the other hand, HAL decreased the level of GPCR heterodimers. Ketamine affected the formation of 5-HT1A–5-HT2A, but not D2–5-HT1A, heterodimers