Honfoglalás- és Árpád-kori kerámiák anyagvizsgálata Északkelet-Magyarországról II. - Mezőkeresztes, Hejőkürt, Felsőzsolca, Karos

This study summarizes the results of the archaeometric ceramic investigations on four 10th century settlements (Mezőkeresztes-Lucernás, Hejőkürt-Cifrahát, Felsőzsolca-Várdomb and Karos-Tobolyka). The applied method was microscopic petrography. As a result of the examinations, it became proved that at all settlements the majority of the studied pottery was manufactured from local alluvial sediments without any preparation or with cleaning or tempering of the raw material. There was no significant difference in the provenance of the cooking pots and the higher quality fineware. The only exception was a few fragments of pale ware, so called Buda white ware (from FelsozsolcaVarhegy and Karos-Tobolyka), whom plastic clayey raw material is probably non-local. This can be interpret as earthenware commercially transported to the region. All the ceramics were fired at relatively low temperature (<750°C) and varied atmosphere. The not steady atmosphere of the firing process refers to the low quality firing technology of the era

Honfoglalás- és Árpád-kori kerámiák anyagvizsgálata Északkelet-Magyarországról I. - Borsod, Karos

This study summarizes the results of the archaeometric investigations on ceramics of the 10th century settlement of Borsod (Northeast Hungary). To get a more objective comparison, comparative ceramic samples from the contemporary Karos settlement (Northeast Hungary) were also observed. The applied method primarily was microscopic petrography, in addition limited mineralogical-geochemical instrumental investigations and electron microprobe analysis were also done. As a result of the examinations, it can be stated that ceramic manufacturing technology was on similar level at the two 10th century settlements which quality can represent the average state of the era. During this manufacturing process, the potters dominantly applied local alluvial sediments without any preparation (any preparation of the raw material can be proved only in few cases, e.g. cleaning or tempering) and low temperature firing at varied atmosphere. It is probable that the isolated (working only for local demands) potters craft at Borsod manufactured the higher quality earthenware, too. Our investigations could not prove the presence of ceramics of non-local origin. The examination of deformed pottery with blistered surface provided evidence that the changes in the form and surface was caused by the fire destroying the settlement

Az információforrás védelme a büntetőeljárásban

This thesis is aimed at elaborating on the protection of sources (sometimes also referred to as the confidentiality of sources or in the U.S. as the reporter's privilege) mainly from a procedural/dogmatic approach and secondly from a basic law approach. The methods I applied included in particular the grammatical, logical, taxonomical and teleological interpretation methods. Besides going through the relevant bibliography, I also considered the presentation of the established legal practices an important part of my research. The theses is focused around two questions: is there an effective source protection regulation existing in the field of Hungarian criminal proceedings; and what type of guarantees can be provided and incorporated in the Act on Criminal Proceedings to ensure that source protection can serve as a corner stone for the right to free expression of opinion. After reviewing the theoretic and practical feasibility of the subject matter cited in the beginning of the thesis, I concluded that making source protection a comprehensive legal institute would require, in part, both the clarification and extension of the currently valid and effective legislation framework. Therefore, I consider it an important aspect to increase the level of source protection by explicitly incorporating the right of freelance journalists to refuse to testify into applicable legislation up to the Act on Criminal Proceedings. Also, I think it is essential for the prevention of indirect identification of sources to extend the scope of protection to documents awaiting publication or to extend the scope of exemptions from seizure. In my opinion, applying a stricter approach to the conditions for the obligation of source identification would also help increase the level of source protection. Considering the aforementioned, I think that the responsibility for eliminating the legal interpretation uncertainties (currently resting on the shoulder of the officials of the judicature as a burden) mainly lies with the legislators. However, building self-regulating mechanisms for journalists (in the form of a Code of Ethics, for example) could also contribute to making the protection of information sources a real and comprehensive legal institute

A Halimba-Cseres 10-12. századi temető kerámiaanyaga

This study summarizes the results of the detailed investigation on the ceramic assemblage of the 10-12* century cemetery at Halimba-Cseres. It is also completed with the archaeometric study done on a limited set of pottery. The initial archaeological interpretation of the locality - and the pottery assemblage as a part of it - is outworn for today. There is a need of recollecting and republishing the available information. The main subject of this study, the dating of the selected 17 pottery sherds, is based on the comprehensive comparison with the whole ceramic assemblage, the position of the graves in the cemetery, the funeral practice and the ceramic archaeometric results. The earliest period of the cemetery, which can be dated to the beginning of the 10th c. or the end of the 9th c., is characterized with pottery of material and decoration different from the whole of the assemblage. It is also possible that those ceramics were not manufactured locally. The next period of the cemetery contains graves with special supplements (the earliest type of bronze S-shaped hair rings, Cypraea snails, sphere-headed rings, ribbed strap rings). The later period is dated to the middle or end of the 11*0. The graves belonging to here have bronze hair ring or stone and bog iron supplements. The ribbed-necked pottery is also present in those graves. The latest period of the cemetery, which is dated to the end of the 11th c., is characterized with graves containing pottery positioned next to the skull and silver hair rings or the latest type of rings as supplements. The naked-eye observations of the building technique of vessels and the archaeometric investigations support the idea that the inhabitants buried in the 10-12* c. cemetery of Halimba-Cseres cannot be considered as a homogeneous population. The ceramics studied outline heterogeneous pottery manufacturing habits which can probably be connected to more, different populations. This mixing of the habits relating to the material culture can be also observed on other types of finds and the funeral practices. The cemetery can be separated into groups of graves which can probable connected to families of different origin or to other population clusters

Egy új roncsolásmentes geokémiai módszer - a PGAA - archeometriai alkalmazásai = Applications of a New Non-destructive Geochemical Method (PGAA) in Archaeometry

Kőeszközök közül obszidián, radiolarit, flint, limnokvarcit pattintott-, valamint bazalt, dolerit, zöldpala-kontakt metabázit csiszolt eszközök és szerszámkövek nyersanyageredet-vizsgálatát végeztük elsősorban roncsolásmentes PGAA-val. Horvát és bosnyák ásatásokról származó obszidián régészeti leletekről megállapítottuk, hogy nyersanyaguk mediterrán (Lipari), ill. kárpáti (Tokaj-hg.) eredetű. A két nyersanyagellátási terület határát Bosznia középső részén valószínűsítjük. Elsőként szolgáltattunk analitikai alapadatokat radiolarit, és más kova kőeszközökről. Megmutattuk, hogy az ÉNy-horvátországi kovás nyersanyagok gyenge minőségűek, feltehetően csupán helyi eszközkészítésre használták. Vizsgáltuk a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Ebenhöch gyűjteményét és a gorzsai késő neolit lelőhely csiszolt kőeszköz leleteit. Alap adatbázist hoztunk létre a magyarországi csiszolt kőeszközök és néhány potenciális nyersanyag PGAA mérési eredményeiből. Pontosítottuk a felsőcsatári és a cseh-masszívumbeli zöldpala-metabázit kőzettípusok elkülöníthetőségét, jó eredményeket értünk el a bazalt-dolerit-alkáli dolerit elkülönítésében. A PGAA mérések alapján számos finomszemcsés kőeszköz kőzettípusát tisztáztuk. A Bükki kultúra kerámiáiról geokémiai adatokkal (XRF, kiegészítő PGAA) bizonyítottuk, hogy a jellegzetes finomkerámia típus nem a nyersanyag kémiai-ásványos összetétele, hanem fizikai-technológiai tulajdonságai miatt egyedi. Létrehoztunk egy régészeti kerámia adatbázist (CERAMIS). | We performed provenance research of chipped stone tools (obsidian, radiolarite, flint, etc.), as well as of polished stone tools (basalt, greenschist, etc) and other stone utensils – with non-destructive PGAA. We established a differentiation between the Mediterranean (Lipari) and Carpathian (Tokaj) origin obsidian archaeological objects, found in Croatia and Bosnia. A border of the two supply areas supposed to exist in central Bosnia. The first basic analytical data of radiolarite and other silex stone tools were provided. It was shown that the poor quality North-western Croatian silex was used probably for local production. Polished stone tools from Ebenhöch Collection of the Hungarian National Museum and the stone assemblage of the late Neolithic Gorzsa site were also studied. A PGAA database of Hungarian origin polished stone objects and their raw materials was set. A more accurate distinction between greenschist-metabasite from Felsőcsatár and the Bohemian Massif was done. Based on PGAA results, typology of some fine-grained stone tools was cleared up. We also investigated Neolithic ceramics from Northern Hungary (Bükk culture). We proved with geochemical experimental data (XRF and PGAA) that the typical finegrain ceramics are distinctive in their physical-technological properties, rather than in their raw material composition. Finally, a database of archaeological ceramics (CERAMIS) was created