A computational study on the adsorption of the major ring-transformation products of methyloxirane in HY and HZSM-5 zeolites

The adsorption of dioxolane and dioxane derivatives in HY and HZSM-5 zeolites was studied computationally. The molecules are the main ring-transformation products of methyloxirane over these zeolites. Experimental work showed that the cyclic dimerisation reaction starts with the adsorption of the monomers over Brønsted acid sites through their ring oxygens. Computations revealed that these sites were close enough even in the high-silica HZSM-5 zeolite and the dimers comfortably fit even in the β-cage of HY as well as in the channel of the HZSM-5 zeolites. The stereochemical outcome of the dimerisation was also studied and the optimum conformations of the dimers were calculated as well

The Image of the Latins in Late Byzantine Epistolography

The dissertation analyses the representations of the Latins, that is, Westerners in selected works of Late Byzantine epistolography. Regarding its methodology, besides the close reading of the sources, it applies the cultural anthropological methodology devised for the analysis of ethnicity by Fredrik Barth and Thomas Hylland Eriksen and the approach of Byzantine epistolography as a literary genre. The conclusions of the dissertation can be summarised in four points. First, a wide range of generalising opinions about the Latins is presented in the analysed letters. These views can be organised into various categories, from everyday morality to violent conflicts. Second, the subjects appearing in the sources display a definite overlap with the views voiced about the Latins in Byzantine literature in general. The clear majority is constituted by those religious and secular topics that were key elements of the distinction between Byzantines and Latins in the period, such as opinions on the origin of the Holy Spirit, or perceived civilisational differences. The third conclusion refers to the attitudes displayed by the authors towards the subjects presented by them. The spectrum of evaluations in the sources ranges from rigid condemnation to enthusiastic appraisal, and both negative and positive opinions tend towards the ends of the scale, while the number of moderate opinions is relatively low. Besides, negative opinions are in a clear majority. Finally, the fourth conclusion involves the context of these opinions. The representations of Westerners in the letters display a very strong correlation with the general views of their authors regarding the Latins, that is, anti-Latin authors usually express anti-Latin views in their letters, while pro-Latins comment on Westerners in a positive light

Króm (III) komplexek vizsgálata talaj-növény rendszerben = Investigation of chromium(III) complexes in soil-plant system

A kutatás célja volt a króm(III) komplexek vizsgálata talaj-növény rendszerben. Az elért eredmények: 1. Kidolgoztuk különböző krómkomplexek előállításának módját, a króm-pikolinát szerkezetét röntgendiffrakciós módszerrel meghatároztuk, és az eredmények felhasználásával étrendkiegészítő készítményt fejlesztettünk belőle, amelyet 2007-ben forgalomba hoztak. 2. Meghatároztuk a komplexek képződési sebességét talajban, és a különböző komplexek adszorpciós izotermáit több talajtípusra. 3. Új módszert dolgoztunk ki, alkalmaztunk és értékeltünk talajok antropogén krómtartalmának megállapításához. Igazoltuk, hogy a módszer érzékenyebb a hagyományos eljárásoknál, segítségével azonosítottunk eddig ismeretlen szennyezőforrásokat. Igazoltuk, hogy a Tisza árterén a kadmium, ólom és cink mellett a bányákból származó krómszennyezés is kimutatható. 4. Mérési módszereket dolgoztunk ki és vizsgáltunk a krómkomplexek meghatározására. A gél-elektroforézis-ICPMS on-line összekapcsolásával valamint az ionkromatográf-ICPOES kapcsolt rendszerrel elindítottuk a krómkomplexek valós mintákból történő meghatározását. 5. Új eljárást dolgoztunk ki és szabadalmaztattunk a krómkomplexek gyümölcsökbe juttatására. A létrehozott fainfúziós eljárás alkalmazásával kísérleteket végeztünk és végzünk emelt krómtartalmú gyümölcsök előállítására. 6. Új eljárást dolgoztunk ki emelt krómtartalmú zöldségek előállítására. A technológia szabadalmaztatásához hozzákezdtünk. | The aim of this research project was the studying of chromium(III) complexes in the soil plant system. The two main objectives were the determination of antropogenic chromium content of soils and production of food raw materials with elevated chromium content. The six most important results were the followings: 1. The synthesis of chromium complexes were worked out. The structure of chromium picolinate was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The industrial production of chromium picolinate was started, a new food supplement product was developed and commercialised on the basis of results in 2007. 2. The rate of formation of chromium complexes in soil was determined in different soil and the adsorption isoterms were determined too. 3. A new, more sensiteve method was developed and applied for the determination of antropogenic chromium content of agricultural soils. Nem contamination sources were identified by the method. The method gives a prove on a low level the chromium contamination on the floodplains of Tisza river. 4. New speciation methods (GE-ICPMS, HPLC-ICPOES) were developed and studied for the speciation of chromium(III)-complexes from real samples. 5. A new technology was developed and patented for introduction of chromium compounds to fruits for production of fubctional fruits. 6. A new technology was developed for production of vegetables with elevated chromium content

A második Rómából az elsőbe : Bizánci tudósok itáliai tapasztalatai saját levelezésük tükrében

The paper deals with the Italian experiences of seven notable Byzantine intellectuals: Aristobulus Apostolius, Andronicus Callistus, Demetrius Chalcocondyles, Theodore Gaza, George Gregoropulus, Constantine Lascaris and Marcus Musurus. The investigation relies on the surviving letters of the aforementioned scholars as its sources, attempting to present the common problems faced by these Byzantine immigrants, just like their attempts to handle and solve them