Analysing Wine Buying Behaviour in Hungarian Hypermarkets

In Hungary the amount of money spent on wine marketing is much below the level as it should be and the amounts spent are largely to support direct selling. Choosing the right distribution channel is of key importance. My objective was to identify wine buying behavior of consumers in the hypermarket. I have chosen this type of distribution channel because it is the fastest growing one in Hungary and the largest in wine trade and compared to the international situation it plays a leading role. In the article I show the results of analyzing 578 questionnaires. According to the research fou r wine buyer segments were to identify the 'Drinking with friends', the 'Trendy guests', the 'Cognoscente', and the 'Average friends of wine'. These segments are clearly to distinguish from each other and can help the wine producers and the hypermarket itself to set up such marketing plans and strategies that creates higher satisfaction of the wine buyers.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

REPRESENTATIONS OF CHRONIC ILLNESS IN PATIENTS AND THEIR PARTNERS

Background: Representations of chronic illness have a strong influence on quality of life and coping. Illness-related believes and attitudes depend on the medical condition itself (including illness type and duration), as well as individual and relational variables. Couples affected by chronic illness develop shared illness representations, which support the patiens adaptation process.Our study was focused on illness representations in five patient groups, considering variables of illness duration and relationship satisfaction. Subjects and methods: The Illness Perception Questionnaire was administered to 154 subjects (79 male 75 femaile) and their partners in five illness groups (average illness duration 6.9 years). Marital satisfaction and similarity of illness representations as well as accuracy of estimates about the partners illness representations werw studied. Results: The five patient groups significantly differed in their illness representations. In groups with longer illness duration, illness was perceived as chronical and more symptoms were experienced. Similarity of illness perceptions between subjects and their partners was highest for the asthma and lung cancer group, and spouses scores differed most for the dimension of coherence. Marital satisfaction was related to similarity of illness perceptions, and more accurate estimates of the partners perception. Conclusions: Marital satisfaction has a remarkable influence on illness representation similarity and accuracy of the perception about the partners illness representations.Patients and their partners are more likely to form similar illness representations if symptoms are clearly observable as in the case of asthma or lung cancer. The dimension of coherence has significant within-person variations, as illness usually has a deeply personal meaning to both the patients and their partners

Stable organization of the early lexical-semantic network in 18- and 24-month-old preterm and full-term infants: an eye-tracker study

Introduction: An organized mental lexicon determines new information acquisition by orienting attention during language processing. Adult-like lexicalsemantic knowledge organization has already been demonstrated in 24-montholds. However, the outcomes of earlier studies have been contradictory in terms of the organizational capacities of 18-month-olds, thus our aim was to examine lexical-semantic organization in this younger age group. In prematurely born infants, audiovisual integration deficits have been found alongside disruptions in language perception. By including late preterm infants with corrected ages in our study, we aimed to test whether maturational differences influence lexical-semantic organization when vocabulary is growing rapidly. Methods: We tested 47 late preterm and full-term 18- and 24-month-old infants by means of an infant-adapted target-absent task using a slightly modified version of the original visual world paradigm for eye tracker. Results: We found a longer fixation duration for the lexical and semantic distractors compared to the neutral pictures. Neither language proficiency nor age affected the looking time results. We found a dissociation by age between taxonomic and associative semantic relations. Maturational differences were detectable in the initial processing of taxonomic relations, as processing in the preterm group was slightly delayed and qualitatively different in the first half of the looking time. The size and composition of the expressive vocabulary differed only by age. Discussion: In general, our study demonstrated a stable lexical-semantic organization between 18 and 24 months of age, regardless of maturational differences

Az integrált növényvédelem és gyümölcstermelés magyarországi bevezetésére, valamint elterjesztésére ható gazdasági tényezők

Az intenzív, iparszerű technológiával kapcsolatos technológiai és fogyasztói kockázatok következtében a mezőgazdasági technológiákban is lényeges változások zajlanak, ezek között terjednek az ún. alacsony inputú technológiák. Ebben a folyamatban az integrált növényvédelem és az integrált gyümölcs(alma-)termelés szerepe is felértékelődött. 2014-től a technológiák alkalmazása az EU-tagországokban kötelező lesz. Az új technológiák bevezetésében fontos szerepet játszanak a gyümölcstermelők és azok termelői, értékesítési szervezetei. A kutatás keretében az integrált növényvédelmi és az integrált almatermelési technológiák elterjedési folyamatát vizsgáltuk. A kutatások alapján megállapítottuk, hogy az új technológiai megoldások elterjedésében az állami irányítás és az állami szabályozás (támogatások) kulcsszerepet játszott, a szakmai szervezetek, a kis- és nagykereskedelmi vállalatok, valamint a szaktanácsadási és egyéb szakmai szervezetek szerepe pedig marginális volt. ---------------------------------------------- Agricultural production technologies are undergoing significant changes due to consumer and technological risks associated with the intensive and industrial technologies. These changes include the spreading of the so-called low input technologies. In this process the role of sustainable technologies – such as integrated fruit (apple) production - have increased as well. From 2014 onward it will be mandatory to use the new technologies in the EU member states. Out of the groups affecting the introduction of new technologies, fruit producers and their POs and sales organisations play an important role. Our research looked at the spreading of integrated pest management and integrated apple production technologies. Based on our findings we concluded that the spreading of new technologies was fundamentally driven by governmental control (state subsidies) while the role of professional organisations, retail and wholesale companies and other organisations was marginal.integrált növényvédelem, almatermelés, növényvédőszer-kockázat, gazdasági és társadalmi szereplők, integrated apple production technology, risks of pesticide residues, mitigation of risks, social and civil groups, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Production Economics,

Short Combo Strategy Using Barrier Options and its Application in Hedging

AbstractThis paper deals with a Short Combo option strategy and its application in hedging against an underlying price increase assuming the given underlying asset will be bought in the future. The key difference between the previous studies is that in this paper we are concentrated on single barrier options. Barrier options were formed to provide risk managers with cheaper means to hedge their exposures without paying for the price changes they believed unlikely to occur. The methodology is based on the profit functions in analytical form. We propose various hedging possibilities and show its practical application. In our analysis we used vanilla and barrier European options on SPDR Gold Shares. The results show that the Short Combo strategy formation using barrier options gives the end-users greater flexibility to express a precise view in the specific future price situations

Stable organization of the early lexical-semantic network in 18- and 24-month-old preterm and full-term infants: an eye-tracker study

IntroductionAn organized mental lexicon determines new information acquisition by orienting attention during language processing. Adult-like lexical-semantic knowledge organization has already been demonstrated in 24-month-olds. However, the outcomes of earlier studies have been contradictory in terms of the organizational capacities of 18-month-olds, thus our aim was to examine lexical-semantic organization in this younger age group. In prematurely born infants, audiovisual integration deficits have been found alongside disruptions in language perception. By including late preterm infants with corrected ages in our study, we aimed to test whether maturational differences influence lexical-semantic organization when vocabulary is growing rapidly.MethodsWe tested 47 late preterm and full-term 18- and 24-month-old infants by means of an infant-adapted target-absent task using a slightly modified version of the original visual world paradigm for eye tracker.ResultsWe found a longer fixation duration for the lexical and semantic distractors compared to the neutral pictures. Neither language proficiency nor age affected the looking time results. We found a dissociation by age between taxonomic and associative semantic relations. Maturational differences were detectable in the initial processing of taxonomic relations, as processing in the preterm group was slightly delayed and qualitatively different in the first half of the looking time. The size and composition of the expressive vocabulary differed only by age.DiscussionIn general, our study demonstrated a stable lexical-semantic organization between 18 and 24 months of age, regardless of maturational differences

Genetic Diversity Within and Among Populations of Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) Based on Molecular Markers

Rhodiola rosea L. is a perennial adaptogenic medicinal plant found in cool climate of the northern hemisphere. The species is very diverse both in terms of morphological characteristics and in the content of the pharmacologically active substances. The genetic diversity of four geographically distant roseroot populations was studied with ISSR and SSR markers. Using 7 ISSR primers 64 DNA fragments were generated and 85,94% of those were found to be polymorphic, indicating high genetic variability at the species level (gene diversity = 0.33, Shannon index = 0.48). Lower level of diversity was detected at the population level (Shannon-index ranged from 0.2173 to 0.2696). Only four out of the eight SSR markers used were informative during this study. The primer pairs for these four SSR markers produced 25 fragments with an average of 6.25 putative alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.4 to 1.0, whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.47 to 0.84. Cluster analysis based on both markers revealed the same groups, individuals clustered according to their geographic origin. The Southern-Uralian population was the most genetically isolated. ITS analysis was used for the determination whether these Southern-Uralian individuals belong to the same species

Somatostatin Receptors as Molecular Targets in Human Uveal Melanoma

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