Nemlineáris feladatok vizsgálata hp-verziójú végeselem-módszerrel = Investigation of the nonlinear problems with hp-version finite element method

A kutatások központjában a mechanikai rendszerek nemlineáris viselkedésének a tanulmányozása állt. A modellek megoldásának variációs megfogalmazásaira, számítási algoritmusok, programok kimunkálására, numerikus tapasztalatok gyűjtésére került sor. 1. A 3D-s érintkezési feladatoknál, először a nemzetközi irodalomban sikerült spline-k felhasználásával olyan adaptív stabil számítási eredményeket felmutató algoritmust kimunkálni, amivel az érintkezési tartomány határa nagyon jól megbecsülhető. 2. Állandósult kopásokra vonatkozó variációs elv révén tisztázni lehet a kialakuló érintkezési feszültséget anélkül, hogy a kopást időben végigkövetnénk. Ezzel lehetőség nyílik a módszeres karbantartás pontosabb megtervezésére. 3. Számos új típusú, a gépek működésénél fellépő érintkezési optimalizációs feladat nyert megfogalmazást és megoldást, amit a korszerű terméktervezés fel tud használni. 4. A törést okozó repedések terjedésének numerikus előrejelzése, anyagjellemzők hitelesítése a nemzetközi kutatások homlokterében áll. Eredményeink nemlineáris anyagviselkedésnél adtak ehhez újabb lényeges támpontokat. 5. A kompozitok egyre elterjedtebbek a mérnöki gyakorlatban. Egyrészt szálerősítésű gumi alkatrészek nemlineáris alakváltozásának nyomon követése, másrészt különböző tartók szilárdsági és dinamikai viselkedésének elemzése ad segítséget a tervezési gyakorlat számára. | Study of nonlinear systems was declared as the main point of the researches. The activity concentrated on variation principle established solutions of given models accompanied by working out algorithms, programs and getting numerical experiences. 1. Taking the scientific literature into consideration first time has been succeeded in developing such kind of 3D contact algorithm, producing stabile numerical results where the boundary of the contact region can be estimated using splines in a reliable way. 2. On base of given variation principle concerning on stationary wear the occurring contact stress state can be clarified without time process. This phenomenon gives possibility for planning the methodological maintenance. 3. Number of new type contact optimisation problems which are characteristic for machine operation procedures have been constructed and solved. They are useful for product design. 4. The forecast of propagation results fracture and the standardisation of material parameters using numerical technique is one the most important research areas. Results have been gained mean important contribution in case of nonlinear material behaviour. 5. It is well known that the application of composites in industry is growing very strongly. In the researches new methods and results have been reached from one part in field of the fibre reinforced rubber composites and in modelling of strength and dynamic behaviour of composite frames from the other

Cell Delivery: Routing Nanomolar Protein Cargoes to Lipid Raft-Mediated/Caveolar Endocytosis through a Ganglioside GM1-Specific Recognition Tag (Adv. Sci. 4/2020)

In article number 1902621, Tamás A. Martinek and co-workers develop a pentapeptidic tag, which reads the glycan code of ganglioside GM1 and triggers lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, avoiding lysosomal entrapment. This carrier molecule can deliver macromolecular cargoes (e.g., IgG complexes) into live cells with the possibility to escape to the cytosol.Peer reviewe

Routing Nanomolar Protein Cargoes to Lipid Raft-Mediated/Caveolar Endocytosis through a Ganglioside GM1‐Specific Recognition Tag

There is a pressing need to develop ways to deliver therapeutic macromolecules to their intracellular targets. Certain viral and bacterial proteins are readily internalized in functional form through lipid raft-mediated/caveolar endocytosis, but mimicking this process with protein cargoes at therapeutically relevant concentrations is a great challenge. Targeting ganglioside GM1 in the caveolar pits triggers endocytosis. A pentapeptide sequence WYKYW is presented, which specifically captures the glycan moiety of GM1 (K-D = 24 nm). The WYKYW-tag facilitates the GM1-dependent endocytosis of proteins in which the cargo-loaded caveosomes do not fuse with lysosomes. A structurally intact immunoglobulin G complex (580 kDa) is successfully delivered into live HeLa cells at extracellular concentrations ranging from 20 to 160 nm, and escape of the cargo proteins to the cytosol is observed. The short peptidic WYKYW-tag is an advantageous endocytosis routing sequence for lipid raft-mediated/caveolar cell delivery of therapeutic macromolecules, especially for cancer cells that overexpress GM1.Peer reviewe

Endocannabinoid Tone Regulates Human Sebocyte Biology

We have previously shown that endocannabinoids (eCBs)(e.g., anandamide) are involved in the maintenance of homeostatic sebaceous lipid production inhuman sebaceous glands and thateCB treatment dramatically increases sebaceous lipid production. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of the major eCB synthesizing and degrading enzymes and to study the effects of eCB uptake inhibitors on human SZ95 sebocytes, thus exploring the role of the putative eCB membrane transporter, which has been hypothesized to facilitate the cellular uptake and subsequent degradation of eCBs. We found that the major eCB synthesizing (N-acyl phosphatidylethanolaminespecific phospholipase D, and diacylglycerol lipase-a and -b) and degrading (fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase) enzymes are expressed in SZ95 sebocytes and also in sebaceous glands (except for diacylglycerol lipase-a, the staining of whichwas dubious in histological preparations). eCB uptake-inhibitionwith VDM11 induced amoderate increase insebaceous lipid production and also elevated the levels of variouseCBs and related acylethanolamides. Finally, we found that VDM11 was able to interfere with the proinflammatory action of the TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide. Collectively, our data suggest that inhibition of eCB uptake exerts anti-inflammatory actions and elevates both sebaceous lipid production and eCB levels; thus, these inhibitors might be beneficial in cutaneous inflammatory conditions accompanied by dry skin

Trends in the Epidemiology of Human G1P[8] Rotaviruses: A Hungarian Study

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Expression of Matrilin-2 in Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The recently described matrilin protein family is part of the extracellular matrix, their pathophysiological role as well as distribution in liver diseases, however, have not yet been studied. Considering that matrilins have been found to play role in cell growth and tissue remodeling, their possible involvement in carcinogenesis has been raised. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes in matrilin-2 expression which is one of the main components of basement membranes. Thirty-five cases of surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas, 35 corresponding surrounding liver tissues and 10 normal liver samples were used for the study. In 15 of 35 cases the tumor developed on the basis of cirrhosis. Matrilin-2 protein expression was detected in normal liver around bile ducts, portal blood vessels, while sinusoids were negative by immunohistochemistry. Cirrhotic surrounding tissue showed intensive matrilin-2 staining along the sinusoids. Tumorous neovasculature was found strongly positive by immunohistochemistry. No differences, however, were detected by morphometry regarding the amount of protein expression based on the grade of hepatocellular carcinomas. Real-time RT-PCR did not show significant differences in matrilin-2 mRNA expression between normal, cirrhotic and tumor samples. This suggests posttranslational modification of matrilin-2 manifesting in altered distribution in liver fibrosis. Our data indicate that matrilin-2 is a novel basement membrane component in the liver, which is synthetised during sinusoidal "capillarization" in cirrhosis and in hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the first report to describe the expression and distribution of matrilin-2 in human normal and cirrhotic liver as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma