156 research outputs found
The impact of soil and climatic factors on forest growth
This preliminary study reveals the relations between the forest growth (annual dendromass increment; ADMinc - as dependent variable) and some important soil factors, which have effect on plant growth, such as: groundwater level (GWL), groundwater composition (GWC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), depth of humus layer, texture (hyi) and pH of the soil, moreover the maximum concentration (MAX) of salt and CaCCb and the depth of its MAX in the soil profile. 17 plantations (Poplar, Common oak and Black locust) are included in the analysis investigated all over the Great Hungarian Plain. Correlation profile of the above parameters was created explaining that two abiotic parameters limit plant growth: if GWL is deeper than 5 m and if HCO3 concentration in groundwater is high (above 15 meq/L). Within the tested range (0.17 - 2.23 mS/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and 0.5 /sand/ - 4.21 /clay loam/ for hyi), the higher magnitude of EC results in higher ADMinc and the higher hyi (higher proportion of fine soil particles) leads to higher ADMinc The positive relationship of ADMinc with EC suggests good nutrient supply of the soil, while the higher proportion of fine particles refers to better water management properties. Thickness of humus layer is an important soil factor: compared to shallow humus layer, deep one increases ADMinc exponentially. In case of Black locust, PAWC is the substantial factor for growing, unlike Poplar, whose growth depends on groundwater uptake (GWU). This phenomenon originates from the differences between the individual needs of the tree species and differences in root morphology. Merely 4 sampling plots were equipped with meteorological stations, thus the number of climatic parameter data were not enough for statistical analysis. So data for all 17 plots were collected from literature and a general, regionally calculated data were applied (mean rainfall in the vegetation period and aridity index). There was no significant correlation between climatic parameters and ADMinc Further studies and more field investigations are needed in order to clarify the results
Following changes of total polyphenol content of Furmint samples during fermentation
A borban elĹ‘fordulĂł polifenoloknak fontos hatása van a bor Ă©rzĂ©kszervi tulajdonságaira (összehĂşzĂł hatás, kesernyĂ©ssĂ©g, testessĂ©g, bársonyosság), Ăgy a borászati termĂ©kek fenolos Ă©rĂ©sĂ©nek tanulmányozása sok szempontbĂłl figyelmet Ă©rdemelnek. A bor polifenoljainak jelentĹ‘s rĂ©sze a szĹ‘lĹ‘bĹ‘l származik, Ă©s a bor feldolgozása, erjesztĂ©se Ă©s Ă©rlelĂ©se során kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ átalakulásokon megy keresztĂĽl. Mindamellett, hogy a bor fenolos Ă©rettsĂ©ge Ă©rzĂ©kszervi szempontbĂłl fontos paramĂ©ter, mĂ©gis, a mustok polifenol-tartalmának az erjedĂ©s alatt bekövetkezett változásárĂłl adatot nem találtunk. Jelenleg a piacon kedveltebbek a friss, könnyed fehĂ©r borok, amelyek alacsonyabb összpolifenol-tartalommal rendelkeznek, ezĂ©rt figyelmĂĽnk az e kategĂłriába sorolhatĂł egyik fajtaborra irányult. Munkánk cĂ©ljául tűztĂĽk ki, hogy megfigyeljĂĽk a magyar furmint minták összespolifenol-tartalmának változásait a 15 napos erjedĂ©s során, Ăgy eldönteni, hogy a fermentáciĂłs folyamat nyomon követhetĹ‘-e egy viszonylag olcsĂł, egyszerű fotometriás mĂ©rĂ©ssel. Adaptáltuk a Magyar BorkĂłdexben találhatĂł, Folin-Ciocalteu-index meghatározására szolgálĂł mĂłdszert, Ăşgy, hogy azzal az összpolifenol-tartalmat számszerűen mĂ©rni tudjuk, valamint minta-Ă©s reagensigĂ©nyĂ©t mĂ©retcsökkentĂ©ssel redukáltuk. Az összes mintában a kiindulĂł Ă©rtĂ©kek az irodalom alapján várhatĂł 300–500 mg/l galluszsav-egyenĂ©rtĂ©k (GAE) között mozogtak. Az 5-6. napon minden mintában hirtelen változást Ă©szleltĂĽnk az összpolifenol-tartalomban. A hátralĂ©vĹ‘ idĹ‘ben az összpolifenol-tartalom átmeneti hul- lámzásokkal, de vĂ©gig csökkenĹ‘ tendenciát mutatott. A megfigyelt ingadozások háttere – a polifenol-összetĂ©tel változása, átrendezĹ‘dĂ©sek az erjedĂ©s folyamán – további vizsgálatokkal felderĂtendĹ‘. ----- Polyphenols occurring in wine have important contributions to the sensory properties (astringency, hardiness, bitterness) thus the study of phenolic maturity of oenological products deserve attention. A major portion of wine polyphenols are derived from the grape (others from the material of the wooden barrels). Nevertheless, data dealing with the polyphenol content of grape juice during fermentation were not found. Nowadays the white wines with fresh character, less astringency, and lower total polyphenol content (TPC) are more popular on the Hungarian market thus the study is focusing to the Furmint wine which represents this category. The aim of the study is to observe changes of TPC in Hungarian Furmint grape juices during the 15-day fermentation period and thus decide if the fermentation is follow-able via a simple and relatively low-cost spectrophotometric method. Furthermore the standard method of determination of Folin-Ciocalteu indices in white wine referred to in the Hungarian Code of Wine was adapted to perform quantitative measurements of total polyphenol content in gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The sample and reagent demand of the method is reduced with keeping the original concentrations and reaction conditions thus it may be applicable to large sample numbers. The initial TPC values were 300-500 mg GAE/L in the examined Furmint samples. A sudden decrease of TPC values was observed at the 5-6 day of fermentation, and after this a decreasing tendency was observable with temporary fluctuations. The background of these processes (changes and rearrangements of polyphenol composition during fermentation) needs to be further investigated by chromatographic methods
Statins alter the hepatobiliary transport of unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes
Several studies have reported that statins occasionally cause impairment of liver functions characterized
by elevated serum bilirubin levels, which might be due to altered function of the multidrug resistanceassociated
proteins (Mrp2/3). We aimed to study the modulation of the hepatobiliary transport of
bilirubin by four statin derivatives, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin in sandwichcultured
rat hepatocytes. All statins except pravastatin significantly inhibited the uptake of bilirubin.
The biliary efflux of bilirubin conjugates was increased by pravastatin and rosuvastatin concentration
dependently. Rosuvastatin stimulated not only the Mrp2 mediated biliary, but the Mrp3 mediated sinusoidal
elimination, resulting in decreased intracellular bilirubin accumulation. The significantly induced
Mrp2/3 protein levels (ranging from 1.5 to 1.8-fold) accounted for the elevated efflux. Cell polarization,
the formation of biliary network was also significantly increased by fluvastatin, pravastatin and rosuvastatin
(151%, 216% and 275% of the control, respectively). The simultaneous inhibition of the uptake and the
stimulation of the sinusoidal and canalicular elimination may explain, at least in part, the clinical observation
of elevated serum bilirubin levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that in spite of the elevated
serum bilirubin levels, the altered Mrp2 and Mrp3 functions by statins is probably not associated with
hepatotoxic effects
Comparison of groundwater uptake and salt dynamics of an oak forest and of a pasture on the Hungarian Great Plain
Abstract
The forest area in Hungary has increased during the last century from 1.1 to 2.0 million ha. The European Union supports further afforestation so roughly 15 -18 000 hectares are being planted each year, mostly on the Hungarian Great Plain. Water uptake of forests from groundwater can be significant in shallow groundwater areas of the Hungarian Great Plain especially in drought periods. Therefore forests can induce water table depression and subsurface salt accumulation above saline water table in areas with a negative water balance.
The impact of forests is examined by a systematic study on the Hungarian Great Plain., An oak forest and a pasture groundwater uptake and salt accumulation effect were compared at the stand scale. Under the forest the water table levels were roughly 0.5 m lower than under the pasture, and the groundwater uptake of the oak plot was more than twice as great. Larger forest groundwater use is not followed by a higher salt uptake. Therefore slight salt accumulation was measured both in the soil and also in the groundwater. Higher groundwater uptake may cause more significant salt accumulation under pronounced drought conditions of a warmer climate.</jats:p
A tanári munkát hátráltató tényezők a 2020. tavaszi digitális oktatás időszakában
During the period of forced digital education, teachers faced a considerable professional challenge in March 2020. The solution was made rather complicated by certain factors, as a result teachers reported decrease in their self-efficiency (Jagodics et al., 2020; KĂłrĂłdi et al., 2020). The aim of our research was to explore the factors behind the decrease of self-efficiency with a qualitative approach. Participating teachers (N = 769, MAge = 46.3 years) were asked to write down what made their work difficult during this critical period. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis. Responses were categorized using the open coding method then processed and analyzed according to the rules of Associative Group Analysis (AGA).
The results of the qualitative analysis showed that the methodological challenges and the lack of personal contact made teachers’ work more difficult, in addition, organizational difficulties and technical problems appeared with relatively high weight and frequency. As a result of the person-oriented analysis, it was possible to identify different groups of teachers who felt different difficulties stand out in this situation. In our study, we detail the teacher-profiles and their characteristics formed by this analysis. The results presented in this study can help better understand the problems associated with digital education and develop the developmental steps needed to address them.A kĂ©nyszerű digitális átállás idĹ‘szakában a pedagĂłgusok jelentĹ‘s szakmai kihĂvással kerĂĽltek szembe 2020. márciusában. Ennek megoldását nĂ©hány tĂ©nyezĹ‘ tovább nehezĂtette, melynek következtĂ©ben a tanárok hatĂ©konyságuk csökkenĂ©srĹ‘l számoltak be (Jagodics Ă©s mtsai., 2020; KĂłrĂłdi Ă©s mtsai., 2020). Kutatásunk cĂ©lja a hatĂ©konyságcsökkenĂ©s hátterĂ©ben állĂł tĂ©nyezĹ‘k feltárása volt kvalitatĂv megközelĂtĂ©ssel. A rĂ©sztvevĹ‘ pedagĂłgusok (N= 769, MĂ©letkor = 46,3 Ă©v) szabadon válaszolhattak arra a kĂ©rdĂ©sre, hogy mi nehezĂtette a munkájukat ebben a kritikus idĹ‘szakban. A kapott adatokat tartalomelemzĂ©snek vetettĂĽk alá. A válaszokat nyĂlt kĂłdolási mĂłdszerrel kategĂłriákba soroltuk, majd az AsszociatĂv Csoport AnalĂzis (AGA) szabályainak megfelelĹ‘en dolgoztuk fel, Ă©s elemeztĂĽk.A kvalitatĂv elemzĂ©s eredmĂ©nye azt mutatta, hogy leginkább a mĂłdszertani kihĂvások Ă©s a szemĂ©lyes kontaktus hiánya nehezĂtette a pedagĂłgusok munkáját, emellett viszonylag nagy sĂşllyal Ă©s gyakorisággal jelentek meg a szervezĂ©si nehĂ©zsĂ©gek Ă©s a technikai problĂ©mák is. A szemĂ©lyorientált elemzĂ©s nyomán sikerĂĽlt azonosĂtani egymástĂłl kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ pedagĂłgus csoportokat, akik más-más nehĂ©zsĂ©get Ă©reztek kiemelkedĹ‘nek ebben a helyzetben. Tanulmányunkban rĂ©szletezzĂĽk az Ăgy kialakult pedagĂłgus-profilokat Ă©s azok jellegzetessĂ©geit. A tanulmányban bemutatott eredmĂ©nyek segĂthetik a digitális oktatás kapcsán felmerĂĽlĹ‘ problĂ©mák jobb megĂ©rtĂ©sĂ©t, Ă©s a kezelĂ©sĂĽkhöz szĂĽksĂ©ges fejlesztĹ‘ lĂ©pĂ©sek kidolgozását
The impact of soil and climatic factors on forest growth
This preliminary study reveals the relations between the forest growth (annual dendromass increment; ADMinc - as dependent variable) and some important soil factors, which have effect on plant growth, such as: groundwater level (GWL), groundwater composition (GWC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), depth of humus layer, texture (hyi) and pH of the soil, moreover the maximum concentration (MAX) of salt and CaCCb and the depth of its MAX in the soil profile. 17 plantations (Poplar, Common oak and Black locust) are included in the analysis investigated all over the Great Hungarian Plain. Correlation profile of the above parameters was created explaining that two abiotic parameters limit plant growth: if GWL is deeper than 5 m and if HCO3 concentration in groundwater is high (above 15 meq/L). Within the tested range (0.17 - 2.23 mS/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and 0.5 /sand/ - 4.21 /clay loam/ for hyi), the higher magnitude of EC results in higher ADMinc and the higher hyi (higher proportion of fine soil particles) leads to higher ADMinc The positive relationship of ADMinc with EC suggests good nutrient supply of the soil, while the higher proportion of fine particles refers to better water management properties. Thickness of humus layer is an important soil factor: compared to shallow humus layer, deep one increases ADMinc exponentially. In case of Black locust, PAWC is the substantial factor for growing, unlike Poplar, whose growth depends on groundwater uptake (GWU). This phenomenon originates from the differences between the individual needs of the tree species and differences in root morphology. Merely 4 sampling plots were equipped with meteorological stations, thus the number of climatic parameter data were not enough for statistical analysis. So data for all 17 plots were collected from literature and a general, regionally calculated data were applied (mean rainfall in the vegetation period and aridity index). There was no significant correlation between climatic parameters and ADMinc Further studies and more field investigations are needed in order to clarify the results
Az észlelt tanári énhatékonyságot befolyásoló tényezők vizsgálata a kényszerű digitális oktatás időszakában (2. rész)
The obligatory change to online teaching was one of the first safety measures introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it forced teachers to adapt immediately to the new situation. Most of the regularly and routinely used efficient teaching methods were not available anymore, which could have influenced teacher’s self-efficacy beliefs during these crucial times. 769 teachers (Mage = 46.3 years, SDage = 9.39) from throughout the country participated in our study, which used online survey method. We examined general teacher self-efficacy with a questionnaire adapted by us (Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2007), and we also developed a questionnaire to explore relative efficiency.
In case of relative self-efficacy, teachers had to benchmark their current situation compared to their regular teaching experiences.
Results showed both questionnaires to have stable structure and good reliability. The majority of teachers reported higher workload and decreased efficacy compared to the usual teaching condition based on the scores of Relative Efficacy Questionnaire. Amongst the dimensions of teacher self-efficacy, teachers scored the highest on conflict management and coping factors, while motivating showed the lowest value. The competence factor of relative self-efficacy is positively related to all subscales of teacher self-efficacy. Workload was associated negatively to efficacy of teaching instructions factor.
Our study showed that teachers’ self-efficacy decreased during the online teaching period of the pandemic. Teachers reported higher workload, while their additional efforts in teaching were not necessarily related to higher efficacy. The current study discusses the results in the context of teacher efficiency and motivation.A COVID-19 járvány megjelenĂ©sĂ©t követĹ‘ intĂ©zkedĂ©sek egyike volt az oktatás digitális platformra terelĂ©se, ami váratlanul, szinte egyik naprĂłl a másikra kĂ©nyszerĂtette a tanárokat az Ăşj helyzethez valĂł alkalmazkodásra.Ebben a megváltozott helyzetben a pedagĂłgusok megszokott Ă©s hatĂ©kony oktatási mĂłdszereinek jelentĹ‘sen rĂ©sze nem volt megvalĂłsĂthatĂł, ami befolyásolhatta tanári hatĂ©konyság-Ă©lmĂ©nyĂĽket ebben a kritikus idĹ‘szakban. Az országos kiterjedĂ©sű online kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăves vizsgálatunkban összesen 769 pedagĂłgus (MĂ©letkor = 46,3 Ă©v, SD = 9,39) vett rĂ©szt. Egy általunk adaptált kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăvvel vizsgáltuk az általános tanári Ă©nhatĂ©konyságot (Skaalvik Ă©s Skaalvik, 2007), valamint kidolgoztunk egy kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăvet a relatĂv Ă©nhatĂ©konyság feltárására is. UtĂłbbi esetben a valĂłs oktatási helyzethez kellett viszonyĂtani a pedagĂłgusoknak a jelen szituáciĂłban megtapasztalt Ă©lmĂ©nyeiket.Az eredmĂ©nyek szerint mindkĂ©t kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv statisztikailag megbĂzhatĂłnak bizonyult, Ă©s alkalmasnak látszik a jelensĂ©g vizsgálatára. A pedagĂłgusok többsĂ©ge a RelatĂv ÉnhatĂ©konyság KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv eredmĂ©nyei szerint leterheltebbnek Ă©s kevĂ©sbĂ© hatĂ©konynak Ă©rezte magát, mint a normál oktatási helyzetben. A tanári Ă©nhatĂ©konyság alskálái közĂĽl a konfliktuskezelĂ©s Ă©s a megkĂĽzdĂ©s terĂ©n Ă©ltek meg legnagyobb hatĂ©konyságot, Ă©s a motiválás alskála mutatta a legalacsonyabb Ă©rtĂ©keket. A relatĂv Ă©nhatĂ©konyság kompetencia-Ă©rzet alskálája egyĂ©rtelmű pozitĂv kapcsolatban állt a tanári hatĂ©konyság minden alskálájával.
A leterheltsĂ©g azonban negatĂv szignifikáns egyĂĽttjárást mutatott az oktatásszervezĂ©si hatĂ©konyság alskálával. Kutatásunk rámutatott, hogy a tanári Ă©nhatĂ©konyság relatĂve csökkent ebben az idĹ‘szakban, mĂg a leterheltsĂ©g nĹ‘tt, ugyanakkor a nagyobb befektetett munka nem járt egyĂĽtt minden szempontbĂłl a hatĂ©konyság növekedĂ©sĂ©vel. Jelen tanulmányban megvitatjuk a mĂ©rĂ©s általános eredmĂ©nyeit az eredmĂ©nyessĂ©g Ă©s a tanári motiváciĂł kontextusában
A Tanulmányi Reziliencia KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv magyar változatának adaptálása általános Ă©s közĂ©piskolás mintán
Academic resilience is an important personal resource, which is related to both student well-being and academic performance. The goal of our study was to create the Hungarian version of a scale which is capable of exploring the factors of academic resilience in the context of individual reactions to failures in school. 526 primary and secondary school students participated in the survey study. The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30, Cassidy, 2016) was used beside demographic questions. The confirmatory factor analysis using second-order factor structure identified the original three-factor structure after dropping one item. The subscales (perseverance, adaptive help-seeking and lack of negative emotional response) have good internal reliability. Correlation analysis revealed that the subscales have a weak negative relationship with age, and they are linked positively to academic performance and self-efficacy. The analysis revealed no significant gender differences. Based on the results the Academic Resilience Scale has stable structure and may be a useful research tool for investigating resilience in school and developing students.A tanulmányi reziliencia fontos szemĂ©lyes erĹ‘forrás, amely kapcsolatban áll a tanulĂłi jĂłllĂ©ttel Ă©s a tanulmányi teljesĂtmĂ©nnyel. Kutatásunk cĂ©lja egy olyan mĂ©rĹ‘eszköz magyar változatának lĂ©trehozása volt, amely az iskolai kudarchelyzetekre adott reakciĂłk feltárásával kĂ©pes azonosĂtani a tanulmányi reziliencia tĂ©nyezĹ‘it. A kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăves vizsgálatunkban 526 általános Ă©s közĂ©piskolás diák vett rĂ©szt. MĂ©rĹ‘eszközkĂ©nt a Tanulmányi Reziliencia KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăvet (ARS-30, Cassidy, 2016) alkalmaztuk a demográfiai adatok feltárása mellett. A kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv strukturális elemzĂ©se során egy tĂ©tel kihagyása után az eredeti háromfaktoros struktĂşrát igazolta a másodrendű faktorokkal kialakĂtott megerĹ‘sĂtĹ‘ faktorelemzĂ©s. A lĂ©trejövĹ‘ kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv skálái (adaptĂv segĂtsĂ©gkĂ©rĂ©s, kitartás Ă©s negatĂv Ă©rzelmi reakciĂłk hiánya) jĂł belsĹ‘ megbĂzhatĂłsági mutatĂłkkal jellemezhetĹ‘k. A skálák az Ă©letkorral gyenge negatĂv, mĂg a tanulmányi eredmĂ©nnyel Ă©s önĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©ssel gyenge pozitĂv egyĂĽttjárást mutattak a korreláciĂłelemzĂ©s szerint. A nemek között nem találtunk jelentĹ‘s eltĂ©rĂ©seket. Az eredmĂ©nyeink alapján a Tanulmányi Reziliencia KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv egy jĂłl használhatĂł, stabil szerkezeti mutatĂłkkal jellemezhetĹ‘ mĂ©rĹ‘eszköz, amely hasznos eszköz lehet a rezilienciával kapcsolatos iskolai kutatásoknak, fejlesztĂ©seknek
- …