135 research outputs found

    A Window on the Genetics of Human Speech: The FOXP2 Gene

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    The development of human speech seems to be a species-specific and genetically determined capacity and is considered an extremely important step in the rise of modern humans, human culture and civilisation. The multidisciplinary efforts of psychiatrists, linguists and human geneticists led to the identification of genetic elements in cohorts of patients, performing speech and language disorders. A form of special language impairment (SLI) has been identified in the KE family in Britain, as a dominant, autosomal trait, affecting the family members in three generations. Molecular genetic studies revealed a mutation in the FOXP2 gene as possible basis of SLI in these patients. The unique, human variant of FOXP2 is shared with Neandertals, indicating a common, ancestral population 3-400,000 years ago. Imprecise imitation of the tutor’s song occurs in young canaries with lowered FoxP2 expression

    Self-Adaptive, Dynamic, Integrated Statistical and Information Theory Learning

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    The paper analyses and serves with a positioning of various error measures applied in neural network training and identifies that there is no best of measure, although there is a set of measures with changing superiorities in different learning situations. An outstanding, remarkable measure called EExpE_{Exp} published by Silva and his research partners represents a research direction to combine more measures successfully with fixed importance weighting during learning. The main idea of the paper is to go far beyond and to integrate this relative importance into the neural network training algorithm(s) realized through a novel error measure called EExpAbsE_{ExpAbs}. This approach is included into the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm, so, a novel version of it is also introduced, resulting a self-adaptive, dynamic learning algorithm. This dynamism does not has positive effects on the resulted model accuracy only, but also on the training process itself. The described comprehensive algorithm tests proved that the proposed, novel algorithm integrates dynamically the two big worlds of statistics and information theory that is the key novelty of the paper.Comment: 62 pages, 30 figures, original articl

    Üzleti intelligencia rendszerek felhasznĂĄlĂłi elfogadĂĄsa egy hazai közĂ©pvĂĄllalat pĂ©ldĂĄjĂĄn

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    Az utóbbi bő egy évtizedben széles vállalati kör ismerte fel az üzleti intelligencia (business intelligence – BI) rendszerekben rejlő előnyöket, s áldozott rengeteg erőforrást rendszerfejlesztési és -bevezetési projektekre. A várt előnyök realizálásának azonban fontos feltétele, hogy a technológiai újítást a felhasználók elfogadják és használják. Az IT-rendszerek felhasználói elfogadásával éppen ezért régóta foglalkoznak a kutatók. E tanulmány a BI sajátosságait figyelembe véve a szakirodalom alapján azonosítja azon tényezőket, melyek a felhasználói elfogadást befolyásolják, majd az azonosított tényezők mentén egy hazai középvállalat BI-rendszerének felhasználói elfogadását vizsgálja a kulcsfelhasználókkal készített interjúk segítségével. A tanulmány arra világít rá, hogy a felhasználók egyéni jellemzői, a szervezeti szintű és technológiai jellemzők nem adnak elégséges magyarázatot a használat során megtapasztalt kedvezőtlen attitűdváltozásra, azokat a rendszer hatalmi-politikai-kulturális hatásaival együtt kell értelmezni

    Biomassza kĂŒlönbözƑ feltĂ©telek melletti Ă©gĂ©sĂ©nek termokĂ©miai Ă©s Ă©gĂ©selmĂ©leti vizsgĂĄlata = Thermocemical and theoretical combustion examination of biomass in different conditions

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    NövĂ©nyi biomasszĂĄk tĂŒzelĂ©stechnikai tulajdonsĂĄgainak komplex vizsgĂĄlati mĂłdszerĂ©t dolgoztuk ki. BĂĄzisadatok gyƱjtĂ©sĂ©hez a szilĂĄrd tĂŒzelƑanyagokra elƑírt szabvĂĄnyos eljĂĄrĂĄsokkal hatĂĄroztuk meg lĂĄgyszĂĄrĂș növĂ©nyek, valamint fenyƑfa aprĂ­tĂ©k nedvessĂ©g,- illĂł,- Ă©ghetƑ karbon,- hidrogĂ©n,- Ă©s hamutartalmĂĄt. BiomasszĂĄknĂĄl az illĂłtartalom meghatĂĄrozĂĄsĂĄra a szabvĂĄnyos mĂłdszer nem nyĂșjt megbĂ­zhatĂł adatokat. Az illĂłtartalom lĂĄgyszĂĄrĂș növĂ©nyek esetĂ©n 400oC, fĂĄknĂĄl 450 oC-os kigĂĄzosĂ­tĂĄssal hatĂĄrozhatĂł meg. BarnaszĂ©n-energiafƱ keverĂ©keknĂ©l a 20% hƑegyenĂ©rtĂ©kben bekevert energiafƱbƑl kilĂ©pƑ illĂłk elƑsegĂ­tik a begyulladĂĄst, gyorsĂ­tjĂĄk az Ă©gĂ©st. BarnaszĂ©n, feketeszĂ©n, Ă©s biomassza tĂŒzelĂ©sƱ gƑzkazĂĄnok hamujĂĄt SEM Ă©s RTG diffrakciĂłs mĂłdszerrel vizsgĂĄltuk. Az energiafƱ hamuja több mint 15m/m%, a napraforgĂł maghĂ©j 44% kĂĄliumot tartalmaz, amely a fƱtƑfelĂŒletek rendkĂ­vĂŒl gyors elsalakosodĂĄsĂĄt okozza. Az energiafƱ hamuja (15,5%) Cl-tartalmĂș. LĂĄgyszĂĄrĂș biomasszĂĄk hamuja erƑsen bĂĄzikus, magas Cl-tartalmĂșak, a szenek hamuja döntƑen savas, Cl-t csak nyomokban tartalmaz. FaaprĂ­tĂ©knak Ă©s a hozzĂĄkevert szennyvĂ­z iszapnak a lĂ©gszennyezƑk emissziĂłjĂĄra kifejtett hatĂĄsĂĄt fluidĂĄgyas gƑzkazĂĄnnĂĄl vizsgĂĄltuk tiszta faaprĂ­tĂ©k, 9, Ă©s 12,8 % hƑarĂĄnyĂș szennyvĂ­ziszap bekeverĂ©s esetĂ©re: a szennyvĂ­z iszap N-tartalma nĂ©gyszer akkora, mint a faaprĂ­tĂ©kĂ©, ami a fĂŒstgĂĄz NO2 koncentrĂĄciĂłjĂĄt közel kĂ©tszeresĂ©re megnöveli. 12,8 % hƑarĂĄnyĂș szennyvĂ­z iszap bekeverĂ©se a fĂŒstgĂĄz porkoncentrĂĄciĂłjĂĄt 2,4- szeresĂ©re növeli. | A complex examination method of combustion characteristics of biomasses have been developed. In order to collect base data for herbaceous plants, pine woodchips have been determined using the standard methods. The standard method of determine the volatile content not provide reliable data in case of biomasses. The optimal gasification temperature of herbaceous plants (400oC) and of ligneous biomasses (450oC) have been determined. The features of ashes of brown coal, black coal and biomass fuels have been examined with measuring the softening point, methods of SEM and RTG diffraction. The ash of energy grass and sunflower seed shell contain 15m/m% and 44% potassium, respectively. This in case of the sunflower seed shell leads to quickly slagging of the heating surfaces of boiler. The ash of energy grass contains high amount of Cl (15,5%). The ashes of herbaceous biomasses have strong alkaline characteristics, with a high Cl content, the ashes of coals are acidic, only containing Cl in traces. The effect of mixing woodchips with sewage sludge on pollutant components have been examined in a fluid-bed steam boiler, with fuels containing purely wood chips and mixtures containing 9% and 12,8% sludge. Sewage sludge has a N content four times higher than woodchips, which results twofold increase of the NO2 concentration of the flue gas. Mixing in 12,8% wastewater sludge with the woodchips results in a 2.4-fold increase of the dust concentration of the flue gas
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