Du fil des Parques au fil des fées : la fabrique du conte dans « Serpentin vert » de Madame d’Aulnoy

Dans le conte « Serpentin vert » de Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy, l’épreuve du filage imposée à l’héroïne par la fée Magotine, qui assume le rôle de Vénus dans le conte d’Amour et Psyché, loin d’être imputable à la seule fantaisie de la conteuse, témoigne du jeu intertextuel très subtil qui caractérise ce conte et en fait un manifeste esthétique. Ce motif se justifie d’abord en tant que réminiscence du texte d’Apulée et de sa réécriture par La Fontaine, Les Amours de Psyché et Cupidon. En suggérant que son héroïne doit filer son propre destin et celui de son amant, Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy condense en une image son interprétation de Psyché comme « belle farouche », tout en exploitant les riches potentialités symboliques du fil. La figure d’Arachné s’associe à celle de la Parque pour symboliser le passage du fil du destin à celui de l’écriture.In Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy’s “ The Green Serpent ”, the fairy Magotine, taking up the role of Venus in Apuleius’s tale of Eros and Psyche, sets up very difficult trials for the heroine Laidronnette. The task of spinning, in particular, reveals the subtle intertextual play that makes this tale a programmatic tale. The motif alludes to Apuleius’s Golden Ass as well as to La Fontaine’s own rewriting of the classic tale in Les Amours de Psyché et Cupidon. Laidronnette, as far as she must spin not only her own fate but also the fate of her lover, embodies d’Aulnoy’s reinterpretation of Psyche as an “ inexorable beauty ” who refuses to give in to love. The author also mobilizes the mythological and symbolic resonances of thread, insofar as Laidronnette combines the features of both a Fate and the weaver Arachne : in this sense, the thread of life becomes indistinguishable from the thread of writing

Traitement de données lidar à retour d'onde complète pour l'extraction de paramètres forestiers et de modèle numérique de terrain : validataion en forêt de conifères dans les Alpes

International audienceSmall footprint discrete return lidar data have already proved useful for providing information on forest areas. During the last decade, a new generation of airborne laser scanners, called full-waveform (FW) lidar systems, has emerged. They digitize and record the entire backscattered signal of each emitted pulse. Fullwaveform data hold large potentialities. In this study, we investigated the processing of raw full-waveform lidar data for deriving Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Canopy Height Model (CHM). The main objective of this work was to compare geometric information derived from full-waveform and multi-echo data for various stands. An enhanced peak detection algorithm developed in a previous study was used to extract target positions from full-waveform data on plots under different stand characteristics. The resulting 3D point clouds were compared to the discrete return lidar observations provided by the lidar operator. Ground points were then identified using an original classification algorithm. They were used to derive DTMs which were compared to ground truth. Digital Surface Models were obtained from first echoes and canopy height models were then computed. Detecting weak echoes, when processing full-waveform data, enabled to better describe the canopy shape and to penetrate deeper into forest cover. However DTM was not significantly improved

Traitement de données à retour d'onde complète : modélisation du signal brut

International audienceUnlike airborne multi-echo laser scanner systems, full-waveform systems are able to digitize and record the entire backscattered signal of each laser pulse. It has been demonstrated that decomposing the return waveforms into a mixture of Gaussian components was suitable. In this paper, we focus on the improvement of peak detection and of raw signal modelling. Refined peak detection greatly increased the number of detected targets as well as their positional accuracy. Models more complex than the Gaussian model, such as the Lognormal or generalized Gaussian functions, were introduced and their contribution to waveform processing was studied. In this way, fitting of asymmetric, peaked or flattened echoes located both in urban and forested areas could be improved. Moreover, introduction of new echo parameters allowed the extraction of additional information on the target shape. This should make easier the decorrelation of geometric and radiometric influences on the signal and, as a consequence, the improvement of point cloud classification algorithms

Processing full-waveform lidar data in an alpine coniferous forest: assessing terrain and tree height quality

International audienceSmall footprint full-waveform airborne lidar systems hold large opportunities for improved forest characterisation. To take advantage of full-waveform information, this paper presents a new processing method based on the decomposition of waveforms into a sum of parametric functions. The method consists of an enhanced peak detection algorithm combined with an advanced echo modelling including Gaussian and generalized Gaussian models. The study focussed on the qualication of the extracted geometric information. Resulting 3D point clouds were compared to the point cloud provided by the operator. 40 to 60 % additional points were detected mainly in the lower part of the canopy and in the low vegetation. Their contribution to Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), Canopy Height Models (CHMs) was then analysed. The quality of DTMs and CHM-based heights was assessed using eld measurements on black pine plots under various topographic and stand characteristics. Results showed only slight improvements, up to 5 cm bias and standard deviation reduction. However both tree crowns and undergrowth were more densely sampled thanks to the detection of weak and overlapping echoes, opening up opportunities to study the detailed structure of forest stands

High prevalence of PRPH2 in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in France and characterization of biochemical and clinical features.

International audiencePURPOSE:To assess the prevalence of PRPH2 in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), to report six novel mutations, to characterize the biochemical features of a recurrent novel mutation and to study the clinical features of adRP patients.DESIGN:Retrospective clinical and molecular genetic study.METHODS:Clinical investigations included visual field testing, fundus examination, high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence imaging and electroretinogram (ERG) recording. PRPH2 was screened by Sanger sequencing in a cohort of 310 French families with adRP. Peripherin-2 protein was produced in yeast and analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS:We identified 15 mutations, including 6 novel and 9 previously reported changes in 32 families, accounting for a prevalence of 10.3% in this adRP population. We showed that a new recurrent p.Leu254Gln mutation leads to protein aggregation, suggesting abnormal folding. The clinical severity of the disease in examined patients was moderate with 78% of the eyes having 1 to 0.5 of visual acuity and 52% of the eyes retaining more than 50% of the visual field. Some patients characteristically showed vitelliform deposits or macular involvement. In some families, pericentral RP or macular dystrophy were found in family members while widespread RP was present in other members of the same families.CONCLUSIONS:The mutations in PRPH2 account for 10.3% of adRP in the French population, which is higher than previously reported (0-8%) This makes PRPH2 the second most frequent adRP gene after RHO in our series. PRPH2 mutations cause highly variable phenotypes and moderate forms of adRP, including mild cases which could be underdiagnosed

Regulation of the Na,K-ATPase Gamma-Subunit FXYD2 by Runx1 and Ret Signaling in Normal and Injured Non-Peptidergic Nociceptive Sensory Neurons

Dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons which relay nociceptive, thermoceptive, mechanoceptive and proprioceptive information from peripheral tissues toward the central nervous system. These neurons establish constant communication with their targets which insures correct maturation and functioning of the somato-sensory nervous system. Interfering with this two-way communication leads to cellular, electrophysiological and molecular modifications that can eventually cause neuropathic conditions. In this study we reveal that FXYD2, which encodes the gamma-subunit of the Na,K-ATPase reported so far to be mainly expressed in the kidney, is induced in the mouse DRGs at postnatal stages where it is restricted specifically to the TrkB-expressing mechanoceptive and Ret-positive/IB4-binding non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons. In non-peptidergic nociceptors, we show that the transcription factor Runx1 controls FXYD2 expression during the maturation of the somato-sensory system, partly through regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret. Moreover, Ret signaling maintains FXYD2 expression in adults as demonstrated by the axotomy-induced down-regulation of the gene that can be reverted by in vivo delivery of GDNF family ligands. Altogether, these results establish FXYD2 as a specific marker of defined sensory neuron subtypes and a new target of the Ret signaling pathway during normal maturation of the non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons and after sciatic nerve injury

"Lucrèce et Tchouang-tseu : Albert Camus lecteur du De rerum natura"

International audienceCet article a pour point de départ une note des Carnets dans laquelle Camus affirme que « Tchouang-Tseu […] a le point de vue de Lucrèce ». Cette note offre une clé de lecture pour reconsidérer la lecture que Lucrèce a faite du poète latin et en particulier le rôle décisif qu'a joué le De rerum natura dans l'écriture de La Peste. Elle éclaire aussi la place qui lui est réservée dans L'Homme révolté

Lectures de Lucrèce: textes réunis et présentés par Sylvie Ballestra-Puech

International audience« Parmi ceux qui naîtront après nous, nombre croiront s'entretenir avec Lucrèce lui-même sur la nature des choses » écrit le clairvoyant Vitruve. Ce livre réunit quelques fragments significatifs de la conversation séculaire que savants et créateurs entretiennent avec Lucrèce. Une approche résolument transdisciplinaire a été choisie pour aborder ces échos lucrétiens qui résonnent dans tous les domaines de la connaissance humaine dès lors que le poète latin affronta la complexité du réel avec pour seules armes les puissances conjuguées de l’imagination et de l’art. Les liens indissolubles que le De rerum natura tisse entre science, éthique et esthétique expliquent la pluralité des lectures qui ont pu en être faites, chacune révélant les spécificités d’une époque autant qu’une appropriation singulière. Lucrèce nous a légué un trésor d’images et d’outils conceptuels dont la fécondité heuristique paraît inépuisable, comme en témoigne l’étonnante fortune théorique du clinamen

"Lucrèce et Tchouang-tseu : Albert Camus lecteur du De rerum natura"

International audienceCet article a pour point de départ une note des Carnets dans laquelle Camus affirme que « Tchouang-Tseu […] a le point de vue de Lucrèce ». Cette note offre une clé de lecture pour reconsidérer la lecture que Lucrèce a faite du poète latin et en particulier le rôle décisif qu'a joué le De rerum natura dans l'écriture de La Peste. Elle éclaire aussi la place qui lui est réservée dans L'Homme révolté

Variations sur les Tristes et les Pontiques dans Die letzte Welt (1988) de Christoph Ransmayr

International audienceChristoph Ransmayr a lui-même invité ses lecteurs à prêter toute leur attention à la réécriture des Métamorphoses d’Ovide dans son roman Die letzte Welt et la critique a largement répondu à son invitation. Quoique moins fortement revendiquée et beaucoup moins étudiée, la présence intertextuelle des lettres d’exil n’en est pas moins déterminante et cet article s’efforce de montrer qu’elle permet d’expliquer certaines particularités de l’espace autant que de l’intrigue de ce roman, pour peu qu’on l’envisage comme une fiction critique mettant en lumière l’étroite imbrication de l’écriture de l’exil et de celle du mythe