Construction methods used for controlling temperature in mass concrete structures

The hydration of cement can release a substantial amount of heat that can be problematic in mass concrete structure. This heat of hydration (HH) can produce thermal stresses that can crack the concrete and compromise the integrity of the structure leading to its failure. Throughout the years, different methods have been developed in order to mitigate the negative effects of the HH on mass concrete structures. This study presents a comprehensive review of the previous methods documented in the literature that have been utilized in controlling the temperature rise due to the HH in mass concreting. The reviewed methods were divided into two main categories, namely supplementary material and construction methods. This paper focuses on the different methods of construction that are used to control the temperature rise in mass concrete structures. The paper also presents an analysis of these methods using findings from previous studies

Nitrogen and euphotic/mixing zone ratio explain cyanobacterial occurrence in small subtropical man-made lakes (Uruguay)

Las floraciones de cianobacterias potencialmente tóxicas son un problema global causado por el incremento de la eutrofización. Las causas del desarrollo de cianobacterias han sido ampliamente estudiadas en sistemas templados. Estos estudios son escasos en latitudes intermedias, sin embargo, son importantes para evaluar los efectos potenciales del cambio climático. Nuestro objetivo fue explicar las diferencias en la comunidad fitoplanctonica y la presencia de cianobacterias de siete lagos artificiales y eutróficos del sudeste uruguayo, en función de sus variables ambientales. Estudiamos la disponibilidad de recursos, mezcla, depredación y morfometría. Evaluamos experimentalmente la importancia relativa de nitrógeno y fósforo en el crecimiento de las comunidades naturales con cianobacterias. La composición específica del fitoplancton fue diferente en cada lago. Los factores determinantes de la estructura comunitaria fueron la disponibilidad de nitrógeno disuelto y la relación zona eufótica/mezcla. Algunos lagos estuvieron dominados por cianobacterias (Microcystis aeruginosa y Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) a pesar de las bajas temperaturas (11-12ºC). Encontramos aumento del crecimiento especies de gran tamaño (>10μm), incluyendo cianobacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno, frente al enriquecimiento con nitrato. Sin embargo, los organismos más pequeños (10 μm), including nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, increased their growth rates with increasing nitrate concentration. In contrast, smaller species (<10 μm) responded to increased phosphate concentration. We observed that there was no correspondence between massive growth of cyanobacteria and lower diversity systems.Fil: Fabre, Amelia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Carballo, Carmela. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Hernandez, Esnedy. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Piriz, Pablo. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Bergamino, Leandro. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Mello, Luciana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Gonzalez, Silvana. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Perez, German. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: León, José Gabriel. Departamento General de Irrigación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Aubriot, Luis. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Bonilla, Sylvia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Kruk, Carla. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; Urugua

Yorba Times: Standing Up, Speaking Out

During the Spring 2018 semester, Dr. Noah Asher Golden\u27s Teaching of Writing K-12 students partnered with the Journalism class at Yorba Academy for the Arts. Through collaboration over a four-month period, Chapman\u27s future teachers and Yorba\u27s junior high journalists engaged a deep writing process to write a series of features, editorials, and news articles related to a number of global issues. Thank you to Ms. Andrea Lopez, Ms. Kori Shelton, Mr. Nick Sepulveda, Ms. Tracy Knibb, and the Lloyd E. and Elisabeth H. Klein Family Foundation for supporting this project.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/yorba-chapman/1003/thumbnail.jp

Activation of NF-κB and p300/CBP potentiates cancer chemoimmunotherapy through induction of MHC-I antigen presentation

Many cancers evade immune rejection by suppressing major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) antigen processing and presentation (AgPP). Such cancers do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (ICIT) such as PD-1/PD-L1 [PD-(L)1] blockade. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs augment tumor control by PD-(L)1 inhibitors through potentiation of T-cell priming but whether and how chemotherapy enhances MHC-I-dependent cancer cell recognition by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is not entirely clear. We now show that the lysine acetyl transferases p300/CREB binding protein (CBP) control MHC-I AgPPM expression and neoantigen amounts in human cancers. Moreover, we found that two distinct DNA damaging drugs, the platinoid oxaliplatin and the topoisomerase inhibitor mitoxantrone, strongly up-regulate MHC-I AgPP in a manner dependent on activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p300/CBP, and other transcription factors, but independently of autocrine IFNγ signaling. Accordingly, NF-κB and p300 ablations prevent chemotherapy-induced MHC-I AgPP and abrogate rejection of low MHC-I-expressing tumors by reinvigorated CD8+ CTLs. Drugs like oxaliplatin and mitoxantrone may be used to overcome resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibitors in tumors that had "epigenetically down-regulated," but had not permanently lost MHC-I AgPP activity

Follow-up analyses to the O3 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA lensing searches

Along their path from source to observer, gravitational waves may be gravitationally lensed by massive objects. This results in distortions of the observed signal which can be used to extract new information about fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. Searches for these distortions amongst the observed signals from the current detector network have already been carried out, though there have as yet been no confident detections. However, predictions of the observation rate of lensing suggest detection in the future is a realistic possibility. Therefore, preparations need to be made to thoroughly investigate the candidate lensed signals. In this work, we present some of the follow-up analyses and strategies that could be applied to assess the significance of such events and ascertain what information may be extracted about the lens-source system from such candidate signals by applying them to a number of O3 candidate events, even if these signals did not yield a high significance for any of the lensing hypotheses. For strongly-lensed candidates, we verify their significance using a background of simulated unlensed events and statistics computed from lensing catalogs. We also look for potential electromagnetic counterparts. In addition, we analyse in detail a candidate for a strongly-lensed sub-threshold counterpart that is identified by a new method. For microlensing candidates, we perform model selection using a number of lens models to investigate our ability to determine the mass density profile of the lens and constrain the lens parameters. We also look for millilensing signatures in one of the lensed candidates. Applying these additional analyses does not lead to any additional evidence for lensing in the candidates that have been examined. However, it does provide important insight into potential avenues to deal with high-significance candidates in future observations.Comment: 34 pages, 27 figure

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin