11 research outputs found
Persistent, pragmatic and prolific: Urban master planning in Accra, Dar es Salaam and Lilongwe
This paper interrogates the persistence of urban master planning in African cities. Critiques of master planning in Africa label it as a stifling product of colonial legacies, an inappropriate imposition of external ideas, or a device to achieve the goals of global actors, all seen as being at odds with the rapidly changing settlement patterns and needs of many African urban contexts. This paper instead focuses on the role of local planning actors in the demand for and the production of master plans and proposes a different analytical perspective on the role of master planning in African urban contexts. Notably, we point to the weak presence of master planning in colonial contexts, in contrast with the strong activation of master plans to shape the ambitions of newly independent governments. We observe also the nuanced interactions between local actors and transnational circuits and influences in devising and implementing plans. The paper presents three case studies which demonstrate the persistence of master planning practices through the post-independence period and their proliferation in contemporary moments. We document the diverse range of local actors who have chosen to retain or revise colonial planning legacies, initiate new city-wide master planning, or solicit, shape and assume responsibility for master planning promoted by transnational circuits of development and planning. We find that actors embedded in local or national institutions, and a wide variety of transnational actors, are driven by a range of, at times conflicting, interests and ideas about what planning is and is meant to do. Historical surveys and in-depth interviews with current actors, as well as those from the recent past in Accra (Ghana), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and Lilongwe (Malawi), help us to identify three aspects of urban master planning which challenge existing interpretations. We observe that master planning has been a persistent presence, although often taking a more ephemeral form in extended âsilentâ periods when outdated but valued plans remained operative. We note that complex political tensions and institutional landscapes shape enthusiasm for, and control over the nature, preparation, adoption and implementation of master plans, including their being side-lined or resisted â local-national dynamics are crucial here. This leads to a pragmatic engagement with transnational actors to bring forward different kinds of plans. The prolific production of master plans supported by multiple transnational actors in poorly resourced contexts constitutes a dynamic, although at times counterproductive, terrain of visioning and practical planning initiatives seeking to grapple with the pace and unpredictability of urbanisation. Our analysis provides an opening for considering the politics of urban planning from an African-centric perspective and as an active part of African urbanization
Post-war state-led development at work in Angola : the Zango housing project in Luanda as a case study
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation is a case study of the Zango social housing project in Luanda, the capital of
the southern African state of Angola. Through an examination of the Zango project, which
was born on the cusp of peace after nearly 30 years of civil war in 2002, I provide insight into
the nature, workings and possible outcomes of post-war state-led development in Angola
under non-democratic conditions.
I do so by analyzing how the Angolan state âseesâ and does development, as well as how this
development works. Empirically, this thesis argues that post-war state-led development is
controlled by the Angolan presidency and financed and managed through extra-governmental
arrangements. This both enables as well as limits state-led development as it allows for the
maintenance of a gap between a âparallelâ and the formal state of Angola. In this process,
local governments and citizens are largely side-lined as development actors. Yet, through an
analysis of local governance and housing allocation arrangements in Zango, I show that the
formal Angolan state is no empty shell and that its officials and those they engage with may
operate in ways that take ownership of development directed from above.
Theoretically, this thesis then argues for a research approach to the African state and state-led
development that is empirically grounded.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is ân gevallestudie van die Zango sosiale behuisingsprojek in Luanda, die
hoofstad van die Suider-Afrikaanse staat van Angola. Ek poog om insig te gee in die aard,
aktiwiteite en moontlike resultate van na-oologse staatsgeĂŻnisieerde ontwikkeling in Angola
onder nie-demokratiese toestande deur ân ontleding van die behuisingsprojek wat in 2002,
met die aanbreek van vrede na die 30 jaar burgeroorlog, aangevang het.
Dit word gedoen deur ân analise van hoe die Angolese staat ontwikkeling âsienâ en
onderneem, sowel as hoe ontwikkeling ontplooi. Hierdie tesis redeneer dat empiries
staatsgeleide ontwikkeling na die oorlog beheer word deur die Angolese Presidensie en
gefinansieer en bestuur word deur buite-staatsinstellings. Dit fasiliteer sowel as beperk
ontwikkeling omdat dit ân gaping tussen ân âparalleleâ en die formele Angolese staat
handhaaf. Hierdie proses sluit beide plaaslike regering en burgers grootliks as
ontwikkelingsakteurs uit. Deur middel van ân ontleding van die plaaslike bestuur en die
toekenning van wooneenhede in Zango, toon ek aan dat die formele staat tog nie ân lĂ«e dop is
nie en dat amptenare en ander betrokkenes eienaarskap van ontwikkeling gerig van bo kan
neem.
Dus, teoreties, word aanspraak gemaak vir ân benadering tot die staat en staatsgeĂŻnisieerde
ontwikkeling in Afrika wat empiries gefundeer is
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