Diagreement, Internalism and Genuine Assertions of PPTs

The problem of lost disagreement is seen as a problem for contextualists when it comes to providing an account of predicates of personal taste (further referred to as PPTs). If Mary says, “The chili is tasty” and John says “The chili is not tasty” we would take there to be a disagreement between them. However, if what Mary means is “The chili is tasty [for Mary]” and what John means is “The chili is not tasty [for John]” then it seems like the disagreement between them simply vanishes. Peter Lasersohn argues that the problem of lost disagreement causes intractable problems for contextualists who appeal to speaker indexicalism or group indexicalism in explaining how PPTs function. Contra Lasersohn, Michael Glanzberg believes that contextualists are able to provide an account of PPTs that is able to skirt around the problem of lost disagreement. However, a problem remains for Glanzberg in that the only disagreement his account allows for arises in cases where both speakers are not making genuine assertions of PPTs. In order to show where Glanzberg’s account goes wrong, I use the work of R.M. Hare to motivate an account of the nature of genuine assertions of PPTs that is based on motivational judgment internalism. After arguing why we should accept such an account of genuine assertions of PPTs, I then go on to show why Glanzberg’s account does not give us disagreement in cases involving them. Viewed in such a way, we find that Glanzberg has not given us a contextualist account that can overcome the challenge posed by Lasersohn

What we thought we knew: Intellectual assessment of individuals who are blind

Throughout the history of intellectual assessment, research involving individuals who are blind has often been scarce. Currently, there are no intellectual assessment procedures based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of intelligence available to individuals who are blind. CHC theory is considered to be the gold standard of intellectual assessment and many government and diagnostic policies rely upon CHC theory. The proposed research sought to extend the current reach of CHC theory to individuals who are blind by developing a new measure of tactile performance ability. The Tactile Assessment of Performance (TAP) was developed and administered to participants who were blind and participants who were sighted. A total of 64 participants completed the research procedure, 32 participants who were sighted and 32 participants who were blind. A modified multitrait-multimethod design was employed. Most of the TAP subtests correlated positively with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), which is a widely used and accepted measure of intellectual functioning. The subtests of the TAP failed to correlate with measures of achievement striving and conscientiousness, which is indicative of discriminant validity. Results suggest the TAP is capturing aspects of CHC abilities and may prove useful as a measure of intelligence in individuals who are blind

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Bioinformatics in Tanzania

The main bottleneck in advancing genomics in present times is the lack of expertise in using bioinformatics tools and approaches for data mining in raw DNA sequences generated by modern high throughput technologies such as next generation sequencing. Although bioinformatics has been making major progress and contributing to the development in the rest of the world, it has still not yet fully integrated the tertiary education and research sector in Tanzania. This review aims to introduce a summary of recent achievements, trends and success stories of application of bioinformatics in biotechnology. The applications of bioinformatics in the fields such as molecular biology, biotechnology, medicine and agriculture, the global trend of bioinformatics, accessibility bioinformatics products in Tanzania, bioinformatics training initiatives in Tanzania, the future prospects of bioinformatics use in biotechnology globally and Tanzania in particular are reviewed. The paper is of interest and importance to rouse public awareness of the new opportunities that could be brought about by bioinformatics to address many research problems relevant to Tanzania and sub-Sahara Africa

Assessment of co-creativity in the process of game design

We consider game design as a sociocultural and knowledge modelling activity, engaging participants in the design of a scenario and a game universe based on a real or imaginary socio-historical context, where characters can introduce life narratives and interaction that display either known social realities or entirely new ones. In this research, participants of the co-creation activity are Malaysian students who were working in groups to design game-based learning resources for rural school children. After the co-creativity activity, the students were invited to answer the co-creativity scale, an adapted version of the Assessment Scale of Creative Collaboration (ASCC), combining both the co-creativity factors and learners’ experiences on their interests, and difficulties they faced during the co-creativity process. The preliminary results showed a high diversity on the participants’ attitudes towards collaboration, especially related to their preferences towards individual or collaborative work

Area Potentials and Deformation Quantization

Systems built out of N-body interactions, beyond 2-body interactions, are formulated on the plane, and investigated classically and quantum mechanically (in phase space). Their Wigner Functions--the density matrices in phase-space quantization--are given and analyzed.Comment: LaTeX, 7 page

N, P and K budgets for crop rotations on nine organic farms in the UK

On organic farms, where the importation of materials to build/maintain soil fertility is restricted, it is important that a balance between inputs and outputs of nutrients is achieved to ensure both short-term productivity and long-term sustainability. This paper considers different approaches to nutrient budgeting on organic farms and evaluates the sources of bias in the measurements and/or estimates of the nutrient inputs and outputs. The paper collates 88 nutrient budgets compiled at the farm scale in 9 temperate countries. All the nitrogen (N) budgets showed an N surplus (average 83.2 kg N ha-1 year-1). The efficiency of N use, defined as outputs/inputs, was highest (0.9) and lowest (0.2) in arable and beef systems respectively. The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) budgets showed both surpluses and deficits (average 3.6 kg P ha-1 year-1, 14.2 kg K ha-1 year-1) with horticultural systems showing large surpluses resulting from purchased manure. The estimation of N fixation and quantities of nutrients in purchased manures may introduce significant errors in nutrient budgets. Overall, the data illustrate the diversity of management systems in place on organic farms, and suggest that used together with soil analysis, nutrient budgets are a useful tool for improving the long-term sustainability of organic systems