Prevalence and risk factors for chronic edema in U.K. community nursing services

Background and study design: Chronic edema (CO) is believed to be a major clinical problem within community nursing services in the UK. This study was undertaken as part of the LIMPRINT international study to determine the number of people with chronic oedema and its impact on health services. Methods and Results: Three urban based community nursing services participated in the UK with prospective evaluation over 4 weeks of all patients receiving nursing care using a questionnaire-based interview and clinical assessment using the LIMPRINT tools. Of the total 2,541 assessed 1,440 (56.7%) were considered to have CO, comprising Leicester City (768/ 1298 (59.2%), Nottingham West (124/ 181 (68.5%)) and Nottingham City (548/1062 (51.6%)). The mean age for women with CO was 78.6 (SD 12.8) years and for men 72.9 (SD14.5). More patients with CO suffered from diabetes (32.1% versus 27.9%, p=0.027), heart failure/ ischaemic heart disease (27.3% versus 14.0%, p<0.001) and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (5.5% versus 1.9%, p<0.001). By far the greatest association was with the presence of a wound (73.6% versus 37.9%, p<0.001). Cellulitis affected 628 (24.7%) and 688 (47.8%) had a concurrent leg ulcer. Rates of reduced mobility (71.6% versus 61.9%) and obesity were higher in those with CO. Six independent factors associated with chronic oedema were service location, age, ethnicity, obesity, heart failure and the presence of a wound. Conclusion: Chronic oedema is a major and growing health care problem within primary care that has been previously unrecognised and requires effective service provision

Analysis of Strain State and Cracking of Cocnrete Sleepers

Prestressed concrete sleepers are the most common type of the sleepers used on the railroad. They serve as rail supports and absorb loads induced by trains. Sleepers are important for the durability and safety of the railroad and are exposed to various loads and an agressive environment during exploitation. Therefore, different types of appearing damage can determine their reliability. The article briefly discusses possible causes of damage and the deterioration of prestressed concrete sleepers. End cracking and damage at the rail seat was determined during the inspection of used sleepers. Therefore, the strain state and cracking of the rail seat of the sleeper was analysed under static and dynamic loads. The paper provides the obtained results of experimental research of used and new sleepers

A novel RET/PTC variant detected in a pediatric patient with papillary thyroid cancer without ionization history

Molecular tumour pathology - and tumour genetic

Control of electroless nickel plating baths

Translated from Czech. (Koroze Ochr. Mater. 1986 (5) p. 102-104)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9022.06(BISI-Trans--26902)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Al-Zn coatings open new fields in protection against corrosion

40.00; Translated from Czech (Koroze Ochr. Mater. 1986 v. 30(1) p. 1-8)SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9022.06(BISI--25845)T / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo