Bahasa Mantra dalam Upacara Barapus Sastra Lisan Masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn

The result of the research are (1) the rhymes obtained in the spell of Dayak Kanayatn barapus includes: (a) rhyme which is based on the sound or voice: whole rhyme, absolute rhyme, half rhyme , alliteration rhyme, assonance rhyme, consonant rhyme and dissonance rhyme. (b)rhyme based on its location on the lines: early rhyme, middle rhyme, last rhyme. (c) rhyme based on its similarity of voice or sound in lines: flat rhyme. (d) rhyme based on its pair in verse: continuous rhyme and free rhyme. Based on the analysis result, the most dominant rhyme based on its voice or sound is alliteration rhyme. The most dominant rhyme based on its words location in lines is early rhyme. Meanwhile the most dominant according to its location of pairs in verse is free rhyme. (2) the function contained in barapus spell of Dayak Kanayatn included: (a) social function (b) religious function. (3) the environment where the barapus spell of Dayak Kanayatn were Perused included: (a) materials used, and (b) speel Perusing procession

Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Berdasarkan Uji Kualitas Air di Sungai Kapuas

This research has purpose to know water quality in the Kapuas River based on parameter in physics, chemistry and biology. Form of this research is descriptive with survey method. The result of sample test in three observation locations shows that the water is worth to be used based on the physics parameter (TDS, TSS and temperature) meanwhile, based on parameter in chemistry (DO, BOD, COD, and pH) and biology (Total Coliform), the water from those locations is unworthy to be used based on second class water standard according to PP 82 in the year of 2001 about water allocation can be used for infrastructure/water recreation facilities, freshwater fish breeding, stockbreeding, irrigating the crop, and/or other used that required water quality for the same usefulness. The result of the research on water quality used in arranging the device of learning on material for tenth grade students of senior high school about environmental contamination. Validation of the learning devices is done by 5 people as validator. The learning devices is valid ( RPP about 3,95, LKS about 3,92 and the booklets about 3.27) and it is worth being used for supporting the learning about environmental contamination material

Management of Nutrition in Gastric Emptying Preparation Before Medical Procedures

Patient preparation before medical procedures, for example in elective surgery, abdominal ultrasonograhy (USG), endoscopy, intubation, etc., is by emptying the stomach. Attempt in emptying stomach is by fasting since the night before medical procedure with the intention to decrease the risk of aspiration. Management of nutrition guidelines in preparation of medical procedures currently refers to pre- surgery fasting which is recommended by American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) and the Canadian Anaesthetists Society (CAS). In Indonesia, pre-surgery fasting guideline is suggested by Indonesia Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care. However, in various unit of service, fasting the patient since the night before is still performed. Development of nutrition management in medical procedures has experienced many changes, such as surgery which is aimed to restore organ normal function and to accelerate the healing of patients. Various studies on nutrition are developed in conjunction with the programs development to optimize pre-surgery preparation

Circle grid fractal plate as a turbulent generator for premixed flame: an overview

This review paper focuses to ascertain a new approach in turbulence generation on the structure of premixed flames and external combustion using a fractal grid pattern. This review paper discusses the relationship between fractal pattern and turbulence flow. Many researchers have explored the fractal pattern as a new concept of turbulence generators, but researchers rarely study fractal turbulence generators on the structure premixed flame. The turbulent flow field characteristics have been studied tand investigated in a premixed combustion application. In terms of turbulence intensity, most researchers used fractal grid that can be tailored so that they can design the characteristic needed in premixed flame. This approach makes it extremely difficult to determine the exact turbulent burning velocity on the velocity fluctuation of the flow. The decision to carry out additional research on the effect circle grid fractal plate as a turbulent generator for premixed flame should depends on the blockage ratio and fractal pattern of the grid. 1

Abnormalities of the Small Bowel in Chronic Non-Infective Diarrhea: a Histopathological Study

Background: The incidence of chronic non-infectious diarrhea cases is increasing in line with the developments of medical technology and science. The objective of this study was to uncover the histopathologic abnormalities of the small bowel in cases of chronic non-infectious diarrhea. Methods: All chronic non-infectious diarrhea patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 1996 until 2000 were included in this study. For the control group, we used 37 endoscopically-normal patients with functional dyspepia with the same characteristics (sex and age). All of the patients underwent gastroduodeno-jejunoscopic and ileocolonoscopic examinations. Patients with infection were excluded from this study. Biopsies were taken from the duodenal bulb, descending duodenum, jejunum near the Treitz ligament, terminal ileum, and colon. Histopathological tests were performed on all of the biopsies. Result: Histopathological examination was carried out on 31 patients and 37 control patients. In the duodenal bulb, the width of villi, lymphocyte infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, stage of inflammation, and polymorphonuclear cells infiltration were all lower in the chronic non-infectious diarrhea group than in the control group (p < 0.01). In the descending part of duodenum and jejunum, lymphocyte infiltration, the stage of inflammation, and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration were found to be higher in the chronic non-infectious diarrhea group than in the control group (p< 0.01). Within the terminal ileum, lymphocyte infiltration, the stage of inflammation and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia were found to be higher in the chronic non-infectious diarrhea group than in the control group (p< 0.01). Conclusion: Histopathologically, increased lymphocyte infiltration, inflammation and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia were discovered in specified areas of small intestine in chronic non-infectious diarrhea patients

The Incremental Cooperative Design of Preventive Healthcare Networks

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Soheil Davari, 'The incremental cooperative design of preventive healthcare networks', Annals of Operations Research, first published online 27 June 2017. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 27 June 2018. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2569-1.In the Preventive Healthcare Network Design Problem (PHNDP), one seeks to locate facilities in a way that the uptake of services is maximised given certain constraints such as congestion considerations. We introduce the incremental and cooperative version of the problem, IC-PHNDP for short, in which facilities are added incrementally to the network (one at a time), contributing to the service levels. We first develop a general non-linear model of this problem and then present a method to make it linear. As the problem is of a combinatorial nature, an efficient Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm is proposed to solve it. In order to gain insight into the problem, the computational studies were performed with randomly generated instances of different settings. Results clearly show that VNS performs well in solving IC-PHNDP with errors not more than 1.54%.Peer reviewe

Lateral scale calibration for focus variation microscopy

Areal surface texture measuring instruments can be calibrated by determining a set of metrological characteristics currently in the final stages of standardisation. In this paper, amplification, linearity and perpendicularity characteristics have been determined to calibrate the lateral performance of a focus variation microscope. The paper presents a novel and low-cost material measure and procedures that are used to determine the characteristics. The material measure is made of stainless steel with a cross-grating grid of hemispherical grooves. The design, manufacturing and calibration of the material measure are discussed. The (20 × 20) mm grid is measured with and without image stitching. The results show that the proposed material measure and procedures can be used to determine the error of the amplification, linearity and perpendicularity characteristics. In addition, the lateral stage error can be significantly reduced by measurement with image stitching

Performance evaluation on an air-cooled heat exchanger for alumina nanofluid under laminar flow

This study analyzes the characteristics of alumina (Al2O3)/water nanofluid to determine the feasibility of its application in an air-cooled heat exchanger for heat dissipation for PEMFC or electronic chip cooling. The experimental sample was Al2O3/water nanofluid produced by the direct synthesis method at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.%). The experiments in this study measured the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid with weight fractions and sample temperatures (20-60°C), and then used the nanofluid in an actual air-cooled heat exchanger to assess its heat exchange capacity and pressure drop under laminar flow. Experimental results show that the nanofluid has a higher heat exchange capacity than water, and a higher concentration of nanoparticles provides an even better ratio of the heat exchange. The maximum enhanced ratio of heat exchange and pressure drop for all the experimental parameters in this study was about 39% and 5.6%, respectively. In addition to nanoparticle concentration, the temperature and mass flow rates of the working fluid can affect the enhanced ratio of heat exchange and pressure drop of nanofluid. The cross-section aspect ratio of tube in the heat exchanger is another important factor to be taken into consideration