NAHDLATUL ULAMA SCHOLAR IN MANDAILING LAND: A Biography of Shaykh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary

Abstrak: Studi ini mengkaji biografi dan gerakan Shaykh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary yang biasa disebut Tuan Hasan. Studi ini penting dilakukan mengingat studi yang dilakukan peneliti selama ini mencitrakan sosok ulama asal Mandailing ini sebagai sosok yang berjiwa terbelah akibat kajian mereka yang terlalu spesifik. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Shaykh Ali Hasan merupakan ulama yang berafiliasi dengan organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan ahli dalam sejumlah bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman. Sementara beberapa studi tentang Shaykh Ali Hasan lebih memfokuskan hanya pada gagasannya dalam bidang hadis dan tasawuf. Studi ini merupakan hasil dari sebuah penelitian kepustakaan dimana data diperoleh dari kegiatan telaah dokumen. Karya-karya Shaykh Ali Hasan dan hasil kajian para ahli tentang dirinya dijadikan sebagai referensi yang akan dianalisis dengan metode analisis isi. Kajian ini akan menunjukkan bahwa Shaykh Ali Hasan menampilkan sosok yang mumpuni dalam bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman dan aktif dalam dunia pergerakan di Nusantara. Wajah ganda inilah yang membuat dirinya menjadi berbeda dengan sejumlah ulama yang kurang aktif dalam dunia pergerakan. Studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi utama dalam kajian Islam di Mandailing. Abstract: Ulama NU di Tanah Mandailing: Biografi Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary. This study examines the biography and movements of Shaykh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary, popularly known as Tuan Hasan. This study is important because the study conducted by researchers thus far has portrayed the figure of the ulama from Mandailing as a split-minded person because their studies are too specific. This study shows that Shaykh Ali Hasan is an ulama affiliated with the Nahdlatul Ulama organization and an expert in many fields of Islamic sciences. Up to the present time, studies of Shaykh Ali Hasan exclusively focuse on his ideas in the realm of hadith and sufism. This study is the result of a literature study where data is obtained from document review activities. Shaykh Ali Hasan’s works and a number of research findings and important studies are used as references to be analyzed by the content analysis method. This study shows that he presents a distinctive figure in the field of Islamic sciences and is active in the world of movement in the archipelago. It is this double faceted roles that makes him different from most scholars who are less active in the world of movement. This study is expected to become the main reference in Islamic studies in Mandailing. Kata Kunci: NU, Mandailing, ulama, hadis, tasawuf, hukum Isla

Force majeure in islamic law of transaction: a comparative study of the civil codes of islamic countries

<p>This paper attempts to shed lights on the performance of  the obligations to a valid contract that can be frustrated by events beyond human control. Such events may have considerable impact on various designated legal principles and rules which is widely known as force majeure. The doctrine of unforeseen circumstances in contemporary legislation, on the main, is expressed in the same term which understandably as result of  the origin derivation of  the French law le theorie de l’imprévision. Although it is true that there is no such general principle of  force majeure in classical Islamic law, the author argues that significant efforts have been made in synthesizing both the Islamic and Western law concepts. Accordingly, despite the fact that the traditional Islamic legal system has its own mechanism to deal with such events at the time of contract, to a certain extent, it has influenced its contemporary form of  the concept of  intervening conti- ngencies (nazariyyat al-jawa’ih ) as reflected in the Civil Codes of  the Arab states. In addition, in response to the exigencies of the ever-increasing problems of modern life which brings with it alien concept, force majeure does not contradict with the provisions of the Shari‘ah since the views of Islamic jurisprudents (fuqahâ) can justifiably be referred to.</p

ISLAMIC LAW OF PROCEDURE: An Analysis of Kitâb al-Qâdhî ila al-Qâdhî in Islamic Legal Literature

Abstrak: Hukum Acara Islam: Analisis Kitâb al-Qâdhî ila al-Qâdhî dalam Literatur Hukum Islam. Telah jamak diterima di sementara kalangan ilmuwan bahwa hukum Islam tidak memiliki prosedur, dan memiliki jejak akar kemunculannya pada sistem yang dikenal dalam sistem hukum sekuler. Esai ini menganalisis asal usul gagasan prosedur hukum dengan menelusuri konsep awal yang ditemukan dalam genre Kitâb al-Qâdhî ilâ al-Qâdhî yang tergabung dalam literatur hukum fuqaha' atau ahli hukum Islam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menganalisis materi hukum pada surat hakim kepada hakim lain yang ditemukan dalam karya-karya berbagai ulama hukum Islam. Temuan penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa meskipun ada penyederhanaan beberapa ilmuwan pada hukum pembuktian Islam, ada diskusi yang sangat kompleks tentang masalah ini dalam karya ulama hukum Islam. Selanjutnya, catatan sejarah hukum pembuktian dalam Islam ini telah menjadi bagian integral dari praktik sosial dan hukum pada masa awal, yang sejarahnya dapat dianggap sebagai konsepsi awal hukum pembuktian dalam Islam.Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, prosedur, bukti, dokumenter, sejarah hukumAbstract: It has been commonly accepted amongst some scholars that Islamic law lacks of procedure and that it had indebted greatly to the system known in the secular system of law. This essay attempts to analyze the origin of the idea of the law procedure by tracing the very early concept found in the genre of Kitâb al-Qâdhî ilâ al-Qâdhî (a letter form one judge to another judge) incorporated in the legal literature of fuqahâ’ or Islamic jurisprudents. The study is a qualitative research by in depth analysis on legal materials on the letter of a judge to another judge found in the works of various Islamic law scholars. The finding of this study implies that despite the over-simplication of some scholars on the Islamic law of evidence, there exist a very complex discussion of the issue in the works of Islamic law scholars. It is conceivable to assert that this historical record of law of evidence in Islam had become an integral part of the social and legal practices of the early time that could be regarded as the early inception of law of evidence in Islam. Keywords: Islamic law, procedure, evidence, documentary, legal histor