The wine sector management in Portugal: an overview on its three-dimensional sustainability.

The paper scrutinizes wine sector sustainability management in Portugal, which is a traditional wine producer. In Portugal, wine is strategic to its agri-food industry. As the wine market faced changes in consumption and an increase in the quality of the wine offered, new green products (organic, biodynamic) appeared for market niches concerned with environmental and health issues, as well as new ways of communication through the Internet and social media. First, we discuss a global wine market that affects wine market in Portugal, and then we present the internal situation and tendencies, including some examples of sustainable management of this sector in the economic, societal, and ecological dimensions. In the present work, the perspective is essentially of an entire economic sector, since in the Portuguese wine market the Old-World model prevails. This situation comprises high market fragmentation, and strong power exercised by distribution and consumers; it also means that wine production is subject to strict national and common market regulations. However, we do not abandon the micro analysis at the level of the company’s relations with its stakeholders. The methodology adopted in this review is qualitative and it consists of critical analysis of the literature from diverse disciplines, but it also uses secondary sources, such as institutional and technical reports, databases, statistics, notes and media news.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social responsibility as an organizational strategy: what does it mean and how to do it?

Comunicação apresentada na 9th Iberoamerican Academy of Management Conference “The Future of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Iberoamerica”, 3-5 de dezembro de 2015, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago do Chile.This paper raises the questions of the efforts and difficulties that we encounter when attempting to include social responsibility into the strategy of for-profit organizations. The paper consists of five parts. In the introduction, I discuss some aspects of the implementation of social responsibility in organizational strategy, the methodology adopted in this work and the main objectives of the paper. In the next section on the organization's strategy I only refer the general issues of strategy formation, aiming to generate the basic instruments of analysis, i.e. criteria of CSR analysis from the perspective of the organization's strategy. In the part related to social responsibility of organizations I discuss the evolution of this concept and some proposals for the use of CSR initiatives into the strategy of the organizations. Next, in the main part of the paper I present some theoretical proposals taken from subject literature and two of the many examples taken from practice, or how specific organizations have made the implementation of social responsibility into their organizational strategy. The paper finishes with endnotes, in which I discuss the issue of the limitations of this approach raised by different authors and a few personal reflections

Sustainability in the Portuguese wine sector management: An overview

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cryptocurrency perception within countries : a comparative analysis

Purpose: The paper explores the differences between countries concerning perception and use of traditional and virtual money. We try to answer the question who uses virtual money for investment and building assets and who uses it just for Internet payments. The background of the analysis are significant changes that have taken place in the virtual money market in recent years in relation to changes in the global financial market. Design/methodology/approach: A pilot study was conducted in Poland, the Russian Federation, and China, which is supposed to be an introduction to the bigger and wider survey. It was conducted within December 2019 and January 2020 with 81 surveyed persons. These were students of financial studies in the chosen countries. The paper questionnaire used in the survey consisted of 26 questions connected to virtual money plus 5 demographic questions. It was provided personally by teachers in class. Findings: The findings indicated that there are differences between countries in perception and the use of traditional and virtual money. These discrepancies can have cultural or historical background. Practical Implications: The practical usefulness of the whole study is that gathered information will permit to examine the economic and financial literacy of the respondents and their preferences for the use of innovative financial instruments. Originality/value: The study is related to the very current issue – virtual money as alternative to the currently functioning fiduciary money. The result of the research as one of the first indicated that a different perception of traditional and virtual money among different countries exist. This statement might be a huge contribution to the analysis of the current and further financial system.peer-reviewe

What kinds of skills are expected by Portuguese and Polish employers?

The main objective of the research was to establish which skills and competencies are mostly demanded by organizations/employers in Portugal and Poland. Secondly, we wanted to determine if there are any differences in this type of skills and competencies in these two countries. In order to analyze the skills necessary in organizations, we applied the typology of soft and hard skills. In the analysis, we had to distinguish moral competencies from soft skills, due to the specificity of the formers. In the research, we use the mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. In the survey, carried out on convenience samples composed of Portuguese and Polish working students, the respondents were eager to answer one open-ended question and describe/list the skills/competencies demanded by organizations. In order to categorize the answers, we employed a two-stage process of phenomenological reduction. For the purpose of conducting a comparative analysis of the data and due to a wide dispersion of results in the case of soft skills in the two samples, we grouped the soft skills according to the ESCO and interpreted the differences by referring to the cultural dimensions introduced by Hofstede et al. [2011].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Standardy etyczne pracowników przedsiębiorstw polskich i portugalskich: analiza porównawcza

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

DELTA CAFÉS (PORTUGAL): DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DO NEGÓCIO

In the case study of Delta Cafés we discuss the sustainable development of the Portuguese company and brand over the 55 years of their existence. Delta Cafés has already been analyzed in terms of marketing activity, social responsibility, management control systems, etc. In this paper, we refer to these studies, and we reach the sources, i.e. the information provided by the Delta Cafés itself. Due to the nature of the coffee market and the use of case study methodology, we start the presentation of this case from a broader context, describing the coffee market in the world and characterizing the coffee market in Portugal as well. Then we present the history of the development of the company and the brand Delta Cafés. The paper ends with concluding remarks in which we discuss the issues of social and environmental responsibility in the light of the development of Delta Cafés business and brand strategies. En el estudio de caso de Delta Cafés se discute el desarrollo sostenible de la empresa portuguesa y su marca durante los 55 años de existencia. Delta Cafés ya ha sido analizada en términos de actividad de marketing, responsabilidad social, sistemas de control de gestión, etc. En este artículo se hace referencia a estos estudios y también explora las fuentes, es decir, la información proporcionada por la Delta Cafés. Debido a la naturaleza del mercado de café y a los requisitos de la metodología de estudio de caso, la descripción de este caso se inicia con su inclusión en el contexto más amplio, en que se describe el mercado de café en el mundo y caracteriza el mercado de café en Portugal. A continuación, se presenta la historia del desarrollo de la empresa y la marca Delta Cafés. El artículo concluye con unas observaciones finales en las que se discuten los temas de responsabilidad social y ambiental a la luz del desarrollo estratégico del negocio y la marca Delta Cafés.No estudo de caso da Delta Cafés apresenta-se o desenvolvimento sustentável da empresa e marca portuguesa ao longo dos 55 anos da sua existência. Delta Cafés já foi analisada em termos de atividade de marketing, responsabilidade social, sistemas de controlo de gestão, etc. Este artigo refere-se a estes estudos e explora também as fontes, ou seja, informações fornecidas pela própria Delta Cafés. Devido à natureza do mercado de café e às exigências da metodologia de estudo de caso, a descrição do caso começa com a sua inserção num contexto mais amplo, descrevendo o mercado de café no mundo e caracterizando o mercado de café em Portugal. Em seguida, apresenta-se a história do desenvolvimento da empresa e da marca Delta Cafés. O artigo termina com observações finais em que se discutem as questões de responsabilidade social e ambiental à luz do desenvolvimento estratégico do negócio e da marca Delta Cafés

Dimensão ética da conduta das empresas e dos trabalhadores: Factos empíricos de um estudo exploratório realizado em Portugal

O artigo apresenta uma selecção dos resultados de um estudo empírico realizado em Portugal em 2004, numa amostra por conveniência, sobre diversos aspectos da conduta ética das empresas e seus trabalhadores. A dimensão ética da conduta das empresas e dos trabalhadores foi assumida como conceito composto pelos seguintes aspectos: reflexão ética, legalidade da conduta, relações entre a ética e a eficiência, responsabilidade das empresas, percepção da conduta não ética e denúncia da sua ocorrência, institucionalização e formalização da ética nas empresas. Dos resultados destacam-se: o impacto positivo ao nível cognitivo da implementação dos elementos de ética formal na empresa, o qual pode, contudo, conduzir à supressão da responsabilidade e à desculpabilização pelos actos potencialmente imorais; o crescimento da imagem positiva do tecido empresarial com a ascendência na posição hierárquica e o inverso com o decréscimo do poder organizacional; o decréscimo de confiança nas empresas nacionais à medida que o sentimento de segurança de/no emprego se reduz e a sua transferência para as empresas estrangeiras; o crescimento de confiança depositada pelos inquiridos nas empresas com o aumento da dimensão destas últimas; a predominância de documentos escritos de ética nas empresas de origem estrangeira e a sua escassez nas empresas nacionais.The paper presents selected results of an empirical study carried out in Portugal in 2004 on companies and workers’ ethical behaviour, based on convenience sample. It is assumed that ethical dimension of companies and workers’ behaviour is a concept composed of such aspects as ethical reflection, legal obligation, ethical image of a domestic economy, ethical image of a businessman and a firm as well, corporate responsibility, deontological obligations of the firm, perception of unethical behaviour, whistle blowing, institutionalisation and formalisation of ethics. All presented aspects of ethical dimension were analyzed in the light of the impact of selected independent (individual and institutional) variables (sex; age; level of education; tenure; hierarchical level; actual and future sense of security of employment and career development; property and capital origin of the company; its size, age, sector and financial situation). The main results point out a positive impact on workers’ cognitive level as a result of the implementation of elements of formal ethics in a company, which might, however, lead to the suppression of responsibility and to indulgence towards potentially immoral action; the increase of a positive image (honesty) of the business/company as the hierarchical responsibility rises and vice versa; the trust in national companies decreases as the feeling of security of employment lessens whereas the trust in foreign capital companies rises; the bigger the size of the company is, the higher is the level of trust; the existence of ethical standards is more likely to be found in foreign companies than in national ones

Ethos and image of the businessman/CEO: Poland & Portugal

Cel – Celem badania jest systematyzacja wiedzy na temat etosu i wizerunku przedsiębiorcy/CEO w Polsce i Portugalii w wyniku zaistniałych w obu krajach zmian politycznych i społeczno‑gospodarczych oraz wskazanie różnic i podobieństw uwarunkowanych historycznie i kulturowo. Metoda badań – Metodą zastosowaną w niniejszym badaniu jest analiza porównawcza i diachroniczna z wykorzystaniem źródeł wtórnych oraz krytycznej analizy literatury. Ze względu na podjętą problematykę badania praca ma charakter opisowy. Wyniki – Badania prezentują złożony i uzależniony historycznie oraz kulturowo etos i wizerunek przedsiębiorcy w obu krajach. Częstsze polskie badania na próbach reprezentatywnych, badanie jakościowe w Portugalii sprzed wielu lat i kilka pomniejszych oraz brak badań w ostatnich latach wskazują na potrzebę nowych analiz. Negatywny wizerunek przedsiębiorcy z dawnych czasów w obu krajach wydaje się słabnąć. Nie stał się pozytywny, lecz raczej ambiwalentny. Tradycyjny etos przedsiębiorcy odpowiedzialnego i dbającego o pracowników wydaje się nadal utrzymywać w obu kulturach. Polscy przedsiębiorcy są lepiej wykształceni niż portugalscy, co uwarunkowane jest historycznie, jednak wykształcenie przedsiębiorców w Portugalii wydaje się ostatnio wzrastać. Przedsiębiorcy obu krajów w większości posiadają doświadczenie zawodowe poprzedzające podjęcie działalności na własny rachunek. Przedsiębiorcy są ogólnie zadowoleni z życia, rodziny i swojej pracy, mają stabilne życie rodzinne, a osiągnięty sukces przypisują cechom osobistym; widzą oni nadmierny udział państwa w gospodarce oraz etatyzm. Oryginalność / wartość / implikacje / rekomendacje – W badaniu przedstawiono poszerzoną analizę porównawczą rozwoju etosu i wizerunku przedsiębiorcy w Polsce i Portugalii od drugiej połowy XX w. Jest to pierwsze badanie porównawcze na temat etosu i wizerunku przedsiębiorcy w tych krajach. Badanie wskazuje luki oraz nowe kierunki potencjalnie interesujących badań.Purpose – The aim of the study is to systematize knowledge on the ethos and image of the businessman/CEO in Poland and Portugal as a result of political and socio‑economic changes in both countries, as well as to identify differences and similarities conditioned by history and culture. Research method – The method used in this study is comparative and follows a diachronic analysis, using secondary sources and critical analysis of the literature. Due to the specificity of the research issues being developed, the work is descriptive. Results – The research presents the complex and historically and culturally dependent ethos and image of the businessman in both countries; more frequent Polish research, on representative samples, a qualitative study in Portugal many years ago and a few smaller ones, as well as the lack of research in recent years, indicate the need for new research. The negative image of the businessman from the past in both countries seems to be weakening, but it has not become positive, but rather ambivalent. The traditional ethos of a responsible and caring businessman seems to still hold in both cultures. Polish businessmen are better educated than Portuguese, which is historically conditioned, but the education of Portuguese seems to be increasing recently. Businessmen in both countries have mostly professional experience prior to starting their own business. Businessmen are generally satisfied with life, family and their work, have a stable family life, and attribute their success to personal qualities; they see excessive state participation in the economy and statism. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the development of the ethos and image of a businessman in Poland and Portugal from the second half of the 20th century. 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Subsidiarity in management & business activity: the two sides of the phenomenon

This study is devoted to the analysis of the concept of subsidiarity, which allowed the formulation of the subsidiarity principle, acting in various spheres of collective human activity. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches to the management of business activities proved that the ethical principle of subsidiarity aims to develop the well-being of collective human life, but it also has its limitations. On the one hand, numerous positive examples of mutual support, cooperation, help, mentoring, and employee development are known in business activity, as well as in management theory and practice. On the other hand, there have always been conflicts, rivalry, and competition at certain times. Besides that, not all businessmen and managers have always behaved following generally accepted principles. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the features of the application of the principle of subsidiarity in management and business in general and in specific examples. The methodological tools of the research are methods of critical analysis of literature and praxeological analysis of human actions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the function and features of the application of the concept of subsidiarity, including functional attributes specific to the principle of subsidiarity and the attributes that contradict it. The examples for the use of the concept of subsidiarity in management and business offered in this paper are not exhaustive. The Motivator-Hygiene theory and job enrichment, workers participation in organization or participation in decision making, corporate social responsibility and microfinance, initiated by M. Yunus as microcredit, Grameen Bank and Grameen Movement, were used as tools for the illustration of attributes characteristic of the principle of subsidiarity. The analysis of functional attributes opposed to the principle of subsidiarity or simulating it was carried out on the example of the theory of bureaucracy dysfunctions, discrimination, corruption, mobbing/bullying, paternalism, Taylorism, or the Scientific Management. The article presents the results of the analysis, which proved that the application of the subsidiarity principle is a specific case of the Aristotelian principle of the golden mean, the pursuit of balance, harmony, equilibrium, i.e., individual, and collective human development and practice of virtues, distributive justice. In this case, however, there is no external criterion that could be used to establish this balance or equilibrium. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves the existence of an intersubjective and historical evaluation (criterion) subject to manipulation. This situation creates a practical problem for the effectiveness of this principle because people with insufficient knowledge, weak in spirit (weak character), or bad intentions can use this principle for their purposes, explaining their behaviors by ignorance, good intentions, etc