The wine sector management in Portugal: an overview on its three-dimensional sustainability.

The paper scrutinizes wine sector sustainability management in Portugal, which is a traditional wine producer. In Portugal, wine is strategic to its agri-food industry. As the wine market faced changes in consumption and an increase in the quality of the wine offered, new green products (organic, biodynamic) appeared for market niches concerned with environmental and health issues, as well as new ways of communication through the Internet and social media. First, we discuss a global wine market that affects wine market in Portugal, and then we present the internal situation and tendencies, including some examples of sustainable management of this sector in the economic, societal, and ecological dimensions. In the present work, the perspective is essentially of an entire economic sector, since in the Portuguese wine market the Old-World model prevails. This situation comprises high market fragmentation, and strong power exercised by distribution and consumers; it also means that wine production is subject to strict national and common market regulations. However, we do not abandon the micro analysis at the level of the company’s relations with its stakeholders. The methodology adopted in this review is qualitative and it consists of critical analysis of the literature from diverse disciplines, but it also uses secondary sources, such as institutional and technical reports, databases, statistics, notes and media news.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social responsibility as an organizational strategy: what does it mean and how to do it?

Comunicação apresentada na 9th Iberoamerican Academy of Management Conference “The Future of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Iberoamerica”, 3-5 de dezembro de 2015, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago do Chile.This paper raises the questions of the efforts and difficulties that we encounter when attempting to include social responsibility into the strategy of for-profit organizations. The paper consists of five parts. In the introduction, I discuss some aspects of the implementation of social responsibility in organizational strategy, the methodology adopted in this work and the main objectives of the paper. In the next section on the organization's strategy I only refer the general issues of strategy formation, aiming to generate the basic instruments of analysis, i.e. criteria of CSR analysis from the perspective of the organization's strategy. In the part related to social responsibility of organizations I discuss the evolution of this concept and some proposals for the use of CSR initiatives into the strategy of the organizations. Next, in the main part of the paper I present some theoretical proposals taken from subject literature and two of the many examples taken from practice, or how specific organizations have made the implementation of social responsibility into their organizational strategy. The paper finishes with endnotes, in which I discuss the issue of the limitations of this approach raised by different authors and a few personal reflections

Standardy etyczne pracowników przedsiębiorstw polskich i portugalskich: analiza porównawcza

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

What kinds of skills are expected by Portuguese and Polish employers?

The main objective of the research was to establish which skills and competencies are mostly demanded by organizations/employers in Portugal and Poland. Secondly, we wanted to determine if there are any differences in this type of skills and competencies in these two countries. In order to analyze the skills necessary in organizations, we applied the typology of soft and hard skills. In the analysis, we had to distinguish moral competencies from soft skills, due to the specificity of the formers. In the research, we use the mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. In the survey, carried out on convenience samples composed of Portuguese and Polish working students, the respondents were eager to answer one open-ended question and describe/list the skills/competencies demanded by organizations. In order to categorize the answers, we employed a two-stage process of phenomenological reduction. For the purpose of conducting a comparative analysis of the data and due to a wide dispersion of results in the case of soft skills in the two samples, we grouped the soft skills according to the ESCO and interpreted the differences by referring to the cultural dimensions introduced by Hofstede et al. [2011].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Competências transversais, técnicas ou morais: um estudo exploratório sobre as competências dos trabalhadores que as organizações em Portugal mais valorizam

In this article, we address in general terms the issue of workers’ competences and skills: a confusing and controversial theme with various empirical results and many inconsistencies, but that keeps providing research opportunities. Through the binomial soft skill and hard skill, we aim to identify the role played by moral skills. In the empirical study carried out with a convenience sample of student workers, we sought to answer to the following question: “Out of the three types of skills (soft, hard, or moral), which is more appreciated in organizations in Portugal, according to the perception of workers instead of that of managers?” Thus, and based on literature review, first we characterized the dominant traits of the Portuguese culture. To categorize respondents’ answers to an open question, we resorted to content analysis/phenomenological reduction. The results obtained, besides their exploratory purpose, clearly indicate the preference for soft skills and a secondary and marginal interest in moral skills. This conclusion, however, requires stronger confirmation by further studies.Neste artigo, aborda-se em termos gerais a problemática das competências e habilidades dos trabalhadores: um tema confuso e controverso com diversos resultados empíricos e muitas inconsistências, mas que continua a proporcionar oportunidades de pesquisa. Por meio do binômio soft skill e hard skill, almeja-se identificar o papel que as competências morais desempenham. No estudo empírico realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de trabalhadores estudantes portugueses, buscou-se responder a seguinte pergunta: “Dos três tipos de competências (transversais, técnicas ou morais), qual é mais valorizado nas organizações em Portugal, segundo a percepção dos trabalhadores e não dos gestores?”. Por isso, e com base em revisão da literatura, foram primeiramente caracterizados os traços dominantes da cultura portuguesa. Para categorizar as respostas dos entrevistados a uma questão aberta, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo/redução fenomenológica. Os resultados obtidos, além de sua finalidade exploratória, indicam claramente a preferência pelas competências transversais e um interesse secundário e marginal nas competências morais. Essa conclusão, no entanto, demanda confirmações mais robustas por futuros estudos

Zrównoważone zarządzanie sektorem wina w Portugalii

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DELTA CAFÉS (PORTUGAL): DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DO NEGÓCIO

In the case study of Delta Cafés we discuss the sustainable development of the Portuguese company and brand over the 55 years of their existence. Delta Cafés has already been analyzed in terms of marketing activity, social responsibility, management control systems, etc. In this paper, we refer to these studies, and we reach the sources, i.e. the information provided by the Delta Cafés itself. Due to the nature of the coffee market and the use of case study methodology, we start the presentation of this case from a broader context, describing the coffee market in the world and characterizing the coffee market in Portugal as well. Then we present the history of the development of the company and the brand Delta Cafés. The paper ends with concluding remarks in which we discuss the issues of social and environmental responsibility in the light of the development of Delta Cafés business and brand strategies. En el estudio de caso de Delta Cafés se discute el desarrollo sostenible de la empresa portuguesa y su marca durante los 55 años de existencia. Delta Cafés ya ha sido analizada en términos de actividad de marketing, responsabilidad social, sistemas de control de gestión, etc. En este artículo se hace referencia a estos estudios y también explora las fuentes, es decir, la información proporcionada por la Delta Cafés. Debido a la naturaleza del mercado de café y a los requisitos de la metodología de estudio de caso, la descripción de este caso se inicia con su inclusión en el contexto más amplio, en que se describe el mercado de café en el mundo y caracteriza el mercado de café en Portugal. A continuación, se presenta la historia del desarrollo de la empresa y la marca Delta Cafés. El artículo concluye con unas observaciones finales en las que se discuten los temas de responsabilidad social y ambiental a la luz del desarrollo estratégico del negocio y la marca Delta Cafés.No estudo de caso da Delta Cafés apresenta-se o desenvolvimento sustentável da empresa e marca portuguesa ao longo dos 55 anos da sua existência. Delta Cafés já foi analisada em termos de atividade de marketing, responsabilidade social, sistemas de controlo de gestão, etc. Este artigo refere-se a estes estudos e explora também as fontes, ou seja, informações fornecidas pela própria Delta Cafés. Devido à natureza do mercado de café e às exigências da metodologia de estudo de caso, a descrição do caso começa com a sua inserção num contexto mais amplo, descrevendo o mercado de café no mundo e caracterizando o mercado de café em Portugal. Em seguida, apresenta-se a história do desenvolvimento da empresa e da marca Delta Cafés. O artigo termina com observações finais em que se discutem as questões de responsabilidade social e ambiental à luz do desenvolvimento estratégico do negócio e da marca Delta Cafés

Dimensão ética da conduta das empresas e dos trabalhadores: Factos empíricos de um estudo exploratório realizado em Portugal

O artigo apresenta uma selecção dos resultados de um estudo empírico realizado em Portugal em 2004, numa amostra por conveniência, sobre diversos aspectos da conduta ética das empresas e seus trabalhadores. A dimensão ética da conduta das empresas e dos trabalhadores foi assumida como conceito composto pelos seguintes aspectos: reflexão ética, legalidade da conduta, relações entre a ética e a eficiência, responsabilidade das empresas, percepção da conduta não ética e denúncia da sua ocorrência, institucionalização e formalização da ética nas empresas. Dos resultados destacam-se: o impacto positivo ao nível cognitivo da implementação dos elementos de ética formal na empresa, o qual pode, contudo, conduzir à supressão da responsabilidade e à desculpabilização pelos actos potencialmente imorais; o crescimento da imagem positiva do tecido empresarial com a ascendência na posição hierárquica e o inverso com o decréscimo do poder organizacional; o decréscimo de confiança nas empresas nacionais à medida que o sentimento de segurança de/no emprego se reduz e a sua transferência para as empresas estrangeiras; o crescimento de confiança depositada pelos inquiridos nas empresas com o aumento da dimensão destas últimas; a predominância de documentos escritos de ética nas empresas de origem estrangeira e a sua escassez nas empresas nacionais.The paper presents selected results of an empirical study carried out in Portugal in 2004 on companies and workers’ ethical behaviour, based on convenience sample. It is assumed that ethical dimension of companies and workers’ behaviour is a concept composed of such aspects as ethical reflection, legal obligation, ethical image of a domestic economy, ethical image of a businessman and a firm as well, corporate responsibility, deontological obligations of the firm, perception of unethical behaviour, whistle blowing, institutionalisation and formalisation of ethics. All presented aspects of ethical dimension were analyzed in the light of the impact of selected independent (individual and institutional) variables (sex; age; level of education; tenure; hierarchical level; actual and future sense of security of employment and career development; property and capital origin of the company; its size, age, sector and financial situation). The main results point out a positive impact on workers’ cognitive level as a result of the implementation of elements of formal ethics in a company, which might, however, lead to the suppression of responsibility and to indulgence towards potentially immoral action; the increase of a positive image (honesty) of the business/company as the hierarchical responsibility rises and vice versa; the trust in national companies decreases as the feeling of security of employment lessens whereas the trust in foreign capital companies rises; the bigger the size of the company is, the higher is the level of trust; the existence of ethical standards is more likely to be found in foreign companies than in national ones