Nonlinear Control of pH System for Change Over Titration Curve

Wiener model based nonlinear controller for a pH process efficiently tackles the variations in gain. However, the controller performance deteriorates for significant change over titration curve (i.e. when the nature of the feed stream switches from a weak acid to a strong acid). To improve the performance of this controller, a nonlinear cascade controller is proposed. The nonlinear cascade structure consists of a Wiener model based nonlinear P controller in the inner loop and a linear PI controller in the outer loop. The proposed strategy is simulated for switch over titration curve from a weak acid – strong base system to strong acid – strong base system and then back to the weak acid – strong base system. The performance of the nonlinear cascade controller is compared with that of single loop Wiener model based PI controller and linear cascade (P-PI) controller

An organic channel structure formed by the supramolecular assembly of trithiocyanuric acid and 4,4'-bipyridyl

Trithiocyanuric acid (TCA) and 4,4'-bipyridyl (BP) form hydrogen-bonded co-crystals with aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, p-xylene and anthracene. The TCA-BP co-crystal is composed of cavities formed by the N-H···N hydrogen bonds between the two molecules, and the three-dimensional structure contains channels of approximately 10 Å where aromatic molecules are accommodated. The molar ratios of TCA, BP and the aromatic compound in the co-crystals are 2:1:1 or 2:1:0.5. Benzene, toluene and p-xylene are removed from the channels around 190, 183 and 170°C respectively, and these aromatic guests can be reintroduced into the empty channels of the apo-hosts. The apo-hosts with empty channels have reasonable thermal stability and exhibit shape selectivity in that the empty channels accommodate p-xylene but not m- or o-xylene or mesitylene

A Review on Anupana for Saptadhatus of Rasashastra

Ayurveda is the science which is practiced all over the world since 5000 years. This science is popular because of its unique concepts and treatment methods. Rasashastra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda in which certain minerals, metals and organic compounds are used for the treatment purpose. These substances will be subjected to various purificatory and incineration processes to remove the toxicity before internal administration. Rasoushadhis are famous because of their faster actions and minimal dosage. These medicines should be administered with proper adjuvants i.e. Anupana which can increase the potency of the medicine to attain good result. In Rasashastra, Suvarna, Tamra, Rajata, Naga, Vanga, Yasada, Loha are the seven important Dhatus which are commonly used in Bhasma form for treatment. These should be administered as a treatment modality with a specific Anupana indicated for various diseases distinctively there by proving to have its maximum effect with it. Hence this article deals with the classical Anupanas which has to be used while administering Bhasmas

A Review on the concept of Anupana in Ayurveda

Ayurveda which is the science of life is famous all over the world because of its unique concepts and practising methods. The main aim of Ayurveda is to attain Dhatusamyakriya, and through that maintain the Swasthyata of the body. Anupana is one of the unique concept of Ayurveda which plays an important role in the treatment. Anupana is that material which is consumed along with food or medicine. It can increase the palatability of the food or medicine, can improve the digestion and absorption and also act as a vehicle which carries the drug to their target site. Hence this article deals with the importance of Anupana in the Ayurvedic practise

An Analytical Study on Pippalyasava

Pippalyasava is one of the important and common preparation used by practitioners for various ailments. Lot of references are available regarding Pippalyasava in classics and are abundant in market. As a part of study Pippalyasava is prepared and observed for 6 months also these samples were subjected to following analytical parameters like organoleptic characters, physical characters, chemical characters and TLC during 2nd month and 6th month to ensure the quality of the prepared sample

Drug induced cicatrizing conjunctivitis: A case series with review of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management

Drug induced cicatrizing conjunctivitis (DICC) is defined as a disease in which conjunctival cicatrization develops as a response to the chronic use of inciting topical and, rarely, systemic medications. DICC accounts for up to one third of cases of pseudopemphigoid, a large group of cicatrizing conjunctival diseases sharing similar clinical features to those of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) but generally without the morbidity of progressive scarring or the need for systemic immunosuppression. The preservatives in topical anti-glaucoma medications (AGM) are the most frequently implicated inciting causes of DICC although topical antivirals, vasoconstrictors and mydriatics and some systemic drugs have been implicated. The literature review summarizes the classification, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, histopathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and treatment outcomes of DICC in the context of a case series of 23 patients (42 eyes) with AGM induced DICC, from India and the UK. In this series all subjects reacted to preserved AGM with one exception, who also reacted to non-preserved AGM. At diagnosis >70% of eyes showed punctal scarring, inflammation, and forniceal shortening. Pemphigoid studies were negative in the 19/23 patients in whom they were carried out. DICC can be classified as non-progressive, progressive with positive pemphigoid immunopathology or progressive with negative pemphigoid immunopathology. It is unclear whether progressive DICC is a stand-alone disease, or concurrent (or drug induced) ocular MMP. Progressive cases should currently be treated as ocular MMP. The diagnosis can be made clinically when there is rapid resolution of symptoms and inflammation, usually within 1–16 weeks, after withdrawal of suspected inciting medications, ideally by temporary substitution of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. If the response to withdrawal is uncertain, or the progression of inflammation and scarring continues then patients must be evaluated to exclude concurrent (or drug induced) MMP, and other potential causes of CC, for which the treatment and prognosis is different. Management, in addition to withdrawing inciting medications, may require short-term treatment of conjunctival inflammation with steroids, treatment of associated corneal disease with contact lenses or surface reconstructive surgery, control of intra-ocular pressure with non-preserved AGM and, in some, surgery for glaucoma or for trichiasis and entropion

Pericytic mimicry in well-differentiated liposarcoma / atypical lipomatous tumor

Pericytes are modified smooth muscle cells that closely enwrap small blood vessels, regulating and supporting the microvasculature through direct endothelial contact. Pericytes demonstrate a distinct immunohistochemical profile, including expression of αSMA (Smooth Muscle Actin), CD146, PDGFRβ (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor β), and RGS5 (regulator of G-protein signaling 5). Previously, pericyte related antigens have been observed to be present among a group of soft tissue tumors with a perivascular growth pattern, including glomus tumor, myopericytoma and angioleiomyoma. Similarly, malignant tumor cells have been shown to pericyte-like immunoprofile when present in a perivascular location, seen in malignant melanoma, glioblastoma, and adenocarcinoma. Here, we examine well-differentiated liposarcoma specimens, which showed some element of perivascular areas with the appearance of smooth muscle (N=7 tumors). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for pericyte antigens, including αSMA, CD146, PDGFRβ, and RGS5. Results showed consistent pericytic marker expression among liposarcoma tumor cells within a perivascular distribution. MDM2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for MDM2 revealed that these perivascular cells were of tumor origin (7/7 tumors), while double immunohistochemical detection for CD31/CD146 ruled out an endothelial cell contribution. These findings further support the concept of pericytic mimicry, already established in diverse malignancies, and its presence in well-differentiated liposarcoma. The extent to which pericytic mimicry has prognostic significance in liposarcoma is as yet unknown

Identification of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA hybridisation using a non-radioactive probe generated by arbitrary primer PCR: Short communication

A highly reproducible, dominant, monomorphic fragment of 473 base pair (bp) amplified from the genome of Trypanosoma evansi by arbitrary primer — polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was labelled with digoxigenin and investigated for its potential as DNA probe. Dot-blot hybridisation of total genomic DNA with the probe proved useful in detecting bubaline, cameline and equine strains of T. evansi down to 10 pg of parasite template DNA. No cross-hybridisation was seen with Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata and the bubaline host DNA. This probe may facilitate laboratory identification of T. evansi in developing countries, without the inherent risk associated with radioisotopes