Inequivalent Leggett-Garg inequalities

It remains an open question how realist view of macroscopic world emerges from quantum formalism. For testing the macrorealism in quantum domain, an interesting approach was put forward by Leggett and Garg in $1985$, by formulating a suitable inequality valid for any macrorealistic theory. Recently, by following the Wigner idea of local realist inequality, a probabilistic version of standard Leggett-Garg inequalities have also been proposed. While the Wigner form of local realist inequalities are equivalent to the two-party, two-measurements and two outcomes CHSH inequalities, in this paper we provide a generic proof to demonstrate that the Wigner form of Leggett-Garg inequalities are not only inequivalent to the standard ones but also stronger than the later. This is demonstrated by quantifying the amount of disturbance caused by a prior measurement to the subsequent measurements. In this connection, the relation between LGIs and another formulation of macrorealism known as no-signaling in time is examined.Comment: Close to the published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.0993

Essays on Asset Return and Housing Market

The last two decades have witnessed substantial amount of research on time variation in asset returns. It has been found that macroeconomic variables contain useful information about asset returns. This dissertation consists of three essays that study the link between the macroeconomy and financial markets. A central idea behind the link is that households adjust their consumption spending in anticipation of variations in the return on household assets. The first essay proposes a latent-variables approach to estimate expected returns on total household assets and expected growth rate of excess consumption (consumption in excess of labor income) within a present-value model of consumption. The present-value model of consumption implies that the ratio of consumption- aggregate wealth reflects information about future asset returns and consumption growth. Since expected returns and expected excess consumption growth are unobserved variables, the current literature uses lagged excess consumption-assets ratio or other proxies for estimation. This essay goes beyond the existing literature by using an unobserved component approach to filter these unobserved variables from the observed history of realized returns and realized excess consumption growth. Results suggest that both filtered returns and filtered excess consumption growth rate are significant and better predictors of realized returns and realized excess consumption growth rate than the one obtained by lagged excess consumption-assets ratio. The second essay focuses on estimating expected return on housing by exploiting the information from the movements in consumption, income, and observable assets. To do so, a present-value model of consumption is combined with an unobserved component model. Kalman filter is then applied to extract expected housing returns from the observed history of realized returns and realized excess consumption growth. Results suggest that the filtered housing returns does a significantly better job in predicting realized housing returns than other popular predictors like mortgage rate and price-rent ratio. The third essay uses an unobserved components model with heteroskedastic disturbances to measure the time-varying importance of permanent and transitory components in the U.S. and U.K. house prices. Estimation results suggest that the movement in house prices in the two economies is mainly transitory in nature from its trend path

A rare case of ovarian torsion in a pregnant patient

Torsion of the ovary is the total or partial rotation of the adnexa around its vascular axis or pedicle. It is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain in females, and it is a gynecologic emergency. The majority of the cases present in the pregnant (22.7%) than in non-pregnant (6.1%) women. Diagnostic delay can result in loss of the ovary. This twisting initially obstructs venous flow, which causes engorgement and edema. The engorgement can progress until arterial flow is also compromised, leading to ischemia and infarction. The increased use of ovarian stimulation and assisted reproductive technology has led to an increase in the risk of adnexal torsion, particularly in pregnant women or women with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The differential diagnosis of adnexal torsion is particularly difficult in combination with OHSS or pregnancy, as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting can be presenting symptoms of hyperstimulation or pregnancy as well. Here, we report a case of ovarian torsion occurring in pregnancy in which diagnostic delay occurred due to confusion with OHSS leading to oophorectomy. Fertility conservation may have been possible in case of earlier diagnosis and prompt treatment

Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrous Nanoparticles and Polymer-Grafted Ferrous Nanoparticles with an Examination of Thermal and Magnetic Properties

Energy harvesting using ferrofluid in OHP. Characterization of as-synthesized (bare) and surface-modified ferrofluid samples was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These ferrofluids were tested in a novel oscillating heat pipe set-up was utilized to harvest electricity, demonstrating the concept of ferrofluidic induction. Cobalterrite nanoparticles surface-modified with citric acid demonstrated good magnetic strengths and generated voltages close to those of the as-synthesized ferrofluids while maintaining dispersion. Surface modification of ferrous nanoparticles with SRP. Thermo responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was successfully grown from the surface of cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles. A dual responsive block copolymer, pH and thermo responsive comprised of poly(itaconic) acid and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) was successfully polymerized from the surface of ferrous oxide nanoparticles. These composite having magnetic properties along with stimulus can be used in applications such as controlled drug delivery and similar biomedical applications

PROMOTING GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION WITH SCIENCE TEACHING AND ANALYSING THE WAY IT IS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

This case study in Dhanbad, India explores 25 grade 9 students’ learning outcomes on the basis of gender and background in Global Citizenship Education related topics of science and also their perceptions about the Global Citizenship Education. It is time that we should realize that education itself has little value if it is merely meant for entrance straightaway into a profession instead we have to value the fact that Education needs to be open to the process of interpretation and complex engagements that is brought by teachers and the pupil within learning relationships. To create opportunity for Global Citizenship Education schools should adopt analytical approaches in knowledge acquisition and incorporate ways of teaching which supports the development of global citizens in educational programs. The study also examines the discourse of international organisations in order to promote better understanding of Global Citizenship Education and the study indicates that international organisations have developed a powerful GCE discourse. We are living in highly interconnected and interdependent world where to determine our collective future, we need to acquire profound understanding of global developments and expand our global consciousness. Findings revealed the existence of difference in knowledge based, value based and citizenship based outcomes of rural and urban background students as well as gender based differences were also found

KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ON MENSTRUAL HEALTH AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN BIHAR- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background: India has several health issues that can be avoided by raising awareness and following fundamental rules. Menstrual hygiene is one of those subjects that is rarely discussed but is essential to a woman's life. Women have been discouraged from getting help from professionals due to misconceptions about this. The aim of this study is to spread awareness of menstrual health and practice among young women in Bihar. Methods: This study was conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital located in Bhagalpur, Bihar with 25 participants per week. Data collection was carried out from September 2022 to February 2023 with a structured questionnaire after obtaining consent.  Results: Most women (59%) understood little about menstruation. Moreover, a quarter of those surveyed used disposable pads. Most Bihari women (73%) who did not use sanitary pads claimed to have used cotton (9%), old disposable clothes (60%), reusable clothing (26%), or toilet tissue paper (4%). Sixty-one percent of the women took special baths, and thirty-seven percent observed sociocultural taboos during their periods. Higher menstrual knowledge was linked to more disposable sanitary napkins being used, according to the bivariate analysis (low knowledge: 76 individuals, high knowledge: 156 individuals; p=0.01). Conclusion: The research concluded that the study subjects had no awareness of menstruation hygiene. They had subpar menstrual hygiene habits and attitudes. Participants' lack of preparation for menarche and their strong opinions that menstruation is socially taboo can be inferred from their different constraints because of these strong social and cultural norms to eliminate the stigma associated with menstruation, group talks, media efforts, and sex education in schools are necessary. Recommendation: Frequent sessions should be conducted by healthcare workers to enhance the knowledge of young women, and to increase their positive attitudes and practices regarding menstrual hygiene

Zrównoważone źródła utrzymania Fundacji Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich jako droga do zrównoważonego rozwoju

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and analyse the significance of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) and its application to rural development projects and policies. A literature review is conducted, with the primary focus being on the primary components of the SLA. The researchers noted that the SLA effectively interrogates the livelihoods of the poor and the various mechanisms in the approach. These mechanisms include all forms of capital, the vulnerability aspect, livelihood strategies, and outcomes, as well as the different laws and regulations governing the access and use of resources. The research also noted that the SLA effectively addresses the poor’s vulnerabilities. Scholarly heavy hitters like Chambers and Scoones (1992) have pointed out that this method is all-encompassing and hierarchical. The methodology has demonstrated in a theoretical sense that it is beneficial in understanding the livelihoods problem of the less fortunate in rural communities. It is strongly suggested that the government and its development partners adopt and incorporate the SLA into their policies to ensure sustainable livelihoods leading to sustainable development.Głównym celem tego badania jest ocena i analiza znaczenia zrównoważonych źródeł utrzymania (SLA) i ich zastosowania w projektach i politykach rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Przegląd literatury skupia się przede wszystkim na głównych składnikach umowy SLA. Zauważono, że SLA skutecznie bada źródła utrzymania ubogich i różne mechanizmy w tym podejściu. Mechanizmy te obejmują wszystkie formy kapitału, aspekt podatności na zagrożenia, strategie utrzymania i wyniki, a także różne prawa i regulacje regulujące dostęp do zasobów i korzystanie z nich. W badaniu zauważono również, że umowa SLA skutecznie eliminuje słabe punkty biednych. Badacze, tacy jak Chambers i Scoones (1992), zwrócili uwagę, że ta metoda obejmuje całość problematyki i jest hierarchiczna. Od strony teoretycznej wykazano, że jest ona korzystna dla zrozumienia problemu środków do życia osób mniej szczęśliwych w społecznościach wiejskich. Stanowczo zaleca się, aby rząd i jego partnerzy rozwojowi przyjęli i włączyli umowę SLA do swoich polityk w celu zapewnienia zrównoważonych źródeł utrzymania prowadzących do zrównoważonego rozwoju