Матеріали до вивчення видового складу галоутворювальних комах Ківерцівського НПП

Gall-forming insects develop in plants tissues and induct pathological formations in them (the galls). Representatives of different groups of gall-forming insects are a significant in number and functions component of the entomofauna at national parks. This contribution contains data on the distribution, quantity, biology and ecology of eight species of gall-forming insects found at the territory of the Kivertsi National Nature Park «Tsumanskaya Pushcha» during the preliminary studies conducted in 2018. The research was carried out both in forest, at oak plantations mainly, and at open areas of the park (forest lawns, clearings, river banks, slopes of the hills). The material obtained from the collected galls and head flowers. The head flowers of Centaurea spp. were kept separately to obtain the imagoes, thus species could be reliably identified. As the result, five species of Hymenoptera (four species of gall wasps and one species of sawdust) and three species of Diptera (two species of ephritid flies and one species of gall midges) were recorded. A clear distribution of studied species among the lever of host plants was revealed. Overall, three species of gall-forming wasps, Andricus foecundatrix (Hartig, 1840), Cynips quercusfolii Linnaeus, 1758 and Neuroterus numismalis (Geoffroy, 1785), inhabit the tree level; two species, Euura amerinae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803), are associated with scrub vegetation; three species, Urophora cardui, U. quadrifasciata and Aulacidea hieracii (Linnaeus, 1758), are the parasites of herbs. All studied species are oligophagous in trophic specialization. The research showed that the group of gall-forming wasps contains species developing on weeds and suppressing their development (Urophora cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) and Urophora guadrifasciata (Meigen, 1826)), and the species that affect the economically important species of plants (A. foecundatrix, C. quercusfolii, N. numismalis, Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803)). Gall-forming dipterans, as well as gall-forming wasps, occupy an important place in the phytophagous complex due to the high specificity. Thus, the transfer of this insects to other plant species becomes impossible. The article contains 8 photos illustrating various types of damage made by gall-forming insects.Галоутворювальні комахи розвиваються в тканинах рослин, індукуючи на них патологічні утвори – гали. Представники різних груп галоутворювачів є численною й функціонально значущою компонентою ентомофауни національних парків. У роботі наведено дані щодо поширення, чисельності, біології та екології восьми видів галоутворювальних комах, виявлених на території Ківерцівського національного природного парку «Цуманська пуща» під час попередніх досліджень, проведених у 2018 р. Дослідження здійснювали як у лісових (переважно дубових) насадженнях, так і на відкритих ділянках парку (лісових галявинах, вирубках, берегах річок, схилах пагорбів). Матеріал отримували методом польового збору галів і суцвіть. Під час виведення імаго із суцвіть Centaurea spp. використовували резервуари окремо для кожного суцвіття, що дало змогу достовірно встановити приналежність до певного виду. Відзначено, що п’ять видів належать до ряду Hymenoptera (чотири види горіхотворок й один – пильщика); три види належать до ряду Diptera (два – мух-осетниць та один – галиці). Установлено чіткий розподіл виявлених видів за ярусами кормових рослин. Так, три види галоутворювачів (Andricus foecundatrix (Hartig, 1840), Cynips quercusfolii Linnaeus, 1758, Neuroterus numismalis (Geoffroy, 1785) населяють деревний ярус; два (Euura amerinae (Linnaeus, 1758), Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803)) пов’язані з чагарниками; три (Urophora cardui, U. quadrifasciata, Aulacidea hieracii (Linnaeus, 1758)) паразитують на трав’янистій рослинності. За трофічною спеціалізацією всі види є олігофагами. Виявлено, що серед досліджуваних видів галоутворювачів є такі, що розвиваються на бур’янах, пригнічуючи їх розвиток (Urophora cardui (Linnaeus, 1758), Urophora guadrifasciata (Meigen, 1826)), а є види, які уражують господарсько важливі види рослин (A. foecundatrix, C. quercusfolii, N. numismalis, Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803)). Галоутворювальні двокрилі, як і галоутворювальні перетинчастокрилі займають важливе місце в комплексі фітофагів у зв’язку з високою специфічністю, що унеможливлює перехід представників цих груп на інші види рослин

Базовий інструментарій оцінювання результативності розвитку сучасних підприємств

Систематизовано базові положення оцінювання результативності підприємства. Визначено метрики вимірювання економічних показників, правила оцінки, аналітичні індикатори та правила інтерпретації.The basic provisions of the performance of the enterprise are systematized in the article. Metrics of measurement of economic performance assessment rules, analytical indicators and rules of interpretation are presented in the work

Особливості управління ризиками розвитку підприємства

Наведена аргументація доцільності застосування ризик-менеджменту в сучасній системі управління розвитком підприємства. Розглянуто революційну та еволюційну форми розвитку підприємства. Розкрито еволюцію і сутність інтегрованого ризик-менеджменту. Сформовано зв’язок управління розвитком з ризиками підприємства.Arguments about the necessity of applying risk management in a modern system of company development management are provided. Revolutionary and evolutionary forms of enterprise development are presented. The evolution and the essence of integrated risk-management are discovered. The connection between risks and company development management is detected.Представлена аргументация целесообразности применения риск-менеджмента в современной системе управления развитием предприятия. Представлена революционная и эволюционная формы развития предприятия. Отслежена эволюция и определена сущность интегрирванного риск-менеджмента. Сформирована связь управления развитием предприятия с рисками

The new earliest cultivar of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.)

The fruits of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) have long been eaten and used for medicinal purposes. During the long history of their use, many cultivars have been created with a wide range of shapes, sizes, colors, biochemical composition, and fruit ripening dates, allowing the planting of the cornelian cherry in different geographical locations and a wide range of environmental conditions. The M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) has an extensive collection of C. mas cultivars, which differ in many respects, including the time of fruit ripening. Recently a new cultivar, ‘Vytivka Svitlany’, marked by a very early ripening time, has been bred. The fruits of cultivar ‘Vytivka Svitlany’ are red or dark red, oval and more or less elongated, cut off at the top and slightly concave, shiny, juicy, sweet-sour, and slightly tart, with a delicate aroma. After full ripening, the fruits crumble quickly. They are deliciously fresh and suitable for processing in the food industry. In the present paper, the morphological features and biometric characteristics of the fruits of the new cultivar in comparison with other early-ripening cultivars (red-fruited ‘Olena’ and yellow-fruited ‘Alyosha’), as well as the principal biochemical composition of the fruits and its phenological phases for the seasonal development in 2021 according to BBCH scale are represented

Evaluation of the results of the flight tests of the small research rocket K80 Meteo 7000 on the way to the creation of the Ukrainian family of suborbital launch vechicles

The object of this research is the process of choice the strategy for the development of the Ukrainian segment of suborbital launch vehicles (SOLVs). Problems arising in this process are analyzed and a search of ways of overcoming them was carried out. The strategy of development of a family of SOLVs is based on the previous experience of developing SOLVs in other countries. A family of SOLVs is proposed which includes five rockets with the apogee from 2 to 150 kilometers. The problem of the exclusion zones which can be reserved for falling of discarded parts of vehicles during the launch was considered. Experience of other countries in overcoming this problem was analyzed. It was decided to begin the process of formulation of a concept of a simplified SOLVs control system that would ensure keeping the rocket over the area of the launch. Within this task, a choice of components of the onboard electronic equipment (OBEE) was made. For testing the OBEE in the conditions of a real flight, a K80 Meteo 7000 rocket, a member of the proposed SOLV family, was chosen. In flight tests, most of the chosen OBEE components confirmed their operability, though some showed shortcomings in their operation. Main flight parameters of the K80 Meteo 7000 rocket were demonstrated. The reach of the apogee of 6,375 m and the velocity of Mach 1.733 was confirmed. This research sets preconditions for practical implementation of launches of SOLVs with substantial altitudes of the apogee, while limiting the areas reserved for falling parts of the rockets. Availability of such SOLVs will enable solution of a wide range of problems in many fields of scientific research and the use of SOLVs as platforms for working out new technical solutions for other branches of rocketr

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗМІН ПОДАТКОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

This article is devoted to the analysis of Ukraine’s International Investment Position (IIP) for the purpose of identifying ways to improve it. The authors investigated the IIP of the main countries of the world. They identified the countries of the European Union with the highest net IIP deficit relative to GDP.  This article analyzes the dynamics and structure of Ukraine’s assets and liabilities to determine how they came to be.  This article also identifies the main risks, advantages, and disadvantages of foreign direct investment flows in Ukraine. The article will suggest that improved fiscal policy, including tax legislation, will enhance Ukraine’s IIP.  A sound tax policy promotes foreign investments into the country’s economy, can structurally improve the investment position, and prevents uncontrolled capital outflow.  It is necessary to adopt a package of anti-Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) laws against tax evasion and against disclosure of other property information to implement the capital transfer tax.  The article identifies the main advantages of this model of taxation.Стаття присвячена аналізу міжнародної інвестиційної позиції України (МІП) з метою визначення шляхів її покращення. Авторами досліджено МІП основних країн світу та визначено країни Європейського Союзу з найвищим дефіцитом МІП у порівнянні з ВВП. У статті проаналізовано динаміку та структуру активів та зобов'язань України, а також визначені основні ризики, переваги та недоліки потоків прямих іноземних інвестицій в Україні. У статті висловлено припущення, що поліпшення фіскальної політики, включаючи податкове законодавство, сприятиме покращенню МІП в Україні. Надійна податкова політика сприяє залученню іноземних інвестицій в економіку країни та може структурно поліпшити інвестиційну позицію та запобігти неконтрольованому відтоку капіталу. Необхідно прийняти пакет законів анти-BEPS для боротьби з ухиленням від оподаткування і розкриття інформації про власність та ввести податок на виведений капітал.  У статті визначені основні переваги цієї моделі оподаткування

Morphometric characteristics of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) fruits

Aim of this study was to determine morphometric differences of fruits between selected sweet chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.). The 28 genotypes (referred as CS-01 to CS-28) were introduced by seeds from Czech Republic, Carpathians, Kyrgyzstan. Genotypes of sweet chestnut are grow more than 30 years in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine. They are well adapted to the climatic and soil conditions. The fruits were collected at the period of their full maturity (September). The population differs in weight, shape, size and color of fruits. Their morphometric parameters were following: weight from 1.70 g (CS-26) to 18.60 g (CS-20), length from 8.07 mm (CS-28) to 33.39 mm (CS-11), width from 16.34 mm (CS-28) to 40.95 mm (CS-11), thickness from 9.02 mm (CS-26) to 28.70 mm (CS-11) and hilum length from 6.62 mm (CS-26) to 31.30 mm (CS-07), hilum width from 6.50 mm (CS-23) to 19.99 mm (CS-07). The shape index of the fruits was found in the range of 0.81 (CS-20) to 0.98 (CS-12). The shape index of the hilum was found in the range of 1.48 (CS-04) to 2.03 (CS-23). The outcome of the research point to the fact that the genepool Ukrainian sweet chestnut is a rich source of genetic diversity and might be used in selection for creation a new genotypes and cultivars

Morphological characteristics and determination of volatile organic compounds of Diospyros virginiana L. genotypes fruits

The aim of this study was to determine morphometric differences of fruits and seeds between 19 selected American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.) genotypes. The genotypes of American persimmon have been growing more than 15 years in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine. They are well adapted to the climatic and soil conditions. The fruits were collected at the period of their full maturity (October). The population differs in a weight, shape, size and color of fruits and seeds. Their morphometric parameters were following: fruit weight from 2.30 to 81.30 g, fruit length from 8.84 to 49.73 mm, fruit width from 12.84 to 55.34 mm, seed weight from 0.1 to 1.0 g, seed length from 8.30 to 20.88 mm, fruit width from 7.04 to 14.88 mm, seed thickness from 1.98 to 7.09 mm and number of seeds in the fruit from 1 to 8. Partenocarpic fruits are found in some genotypes. The shape indexes of fruits and seeds were found ranging from 0.74 to 1.10 and from 1.01 to 1.77, respectively. During the analysis of qualitative composition and quantitative content of volatiles of fruits from the 4 perspective genotypes of Diospyros virginiana 106 compounds were detected. From them 83 compounds were identified. The identified compounds belong to alcohols, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ketons, fatty acids, esters, terpenoids etc. The fruits are rich in fat acids. The outcome of the research points to the fact that the genepool of Ukrainian Diospyros virginiana is a rich source of genetic diversity and might be used in selection for creation a new genotypes and cultivars

Peculiarities of Decision Making by Police Officers with Different Levels of Professional Self-Fulfilment

The research found that decision making within the professional activities of the police is the key to their success, an indicator of the effectiveness of their duties performance. It is appealed that decision making in critical situations requires a high level of individual’s self-fulfilment, which reduces stress and encourages police officers to solve the problem. The aim of the article is to identify and substantiate the relationship of personal characteristics with decision making factors in police officers with different levels of professional self-fulfilment. The sample of the empirical research consisted of 84 employees of special purpose police units. The groups of police officers with different levels of professional self-fulfilment were formed using the questionnaire of “Type and Level of Professional Self-Fulfilment”. The research involved the usage of psychodiagnostic techniques, including: the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, the Personal Decision Making Factors Questionnaire and the Big Five Personality Questionnaire. The results of the research showed that the behaviour of police officers with a high level of professional self-fulfilment is characterized by prosociality and responsibility due to the peculiarities of decisions they do not postpone them and do not lose valuable time, considering all possible alternatives. This characterizes them as capable to take risk if the situation requires it. On the other hand, police officers with a low level of professional self-fulfilment tend to shift the problem to other people, they often demonstrate independent behaviour and take responsibility for decision making, but this is accompanied by doubts and fears about their rationality.</em