Forecasting risk of bankruptcy for machine-building plants

The paper presents an overview of well-known bankruptcy risk forecasting models, elaborated as by Russian so by foreign authors, on the basis of the data about financial and business activities of the biggest machine-building Russian plants. The authors substantiate and confirm appropriateness of a fuzzy set model to the problem of bankruptcy risk forecasting. This model is worked out on the basis of 10 most important factors, which have the greatest influence on sales proceeds as the main financial source for a production plant

FEATURES OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE ON THE EXAMPLE OF IRKUTSK RESIDENTS

Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день теме межкультурной компетентности. Предметом исследования является влияние ценностных ориентаций на уровень межкультурной компетентности. В связи с этим целями данного исследования будет: найти общезначимые ценности жителей Иркутской области и выявить влияние ценностных ориентаций на уровень межкультурной компетентности.Социально-психологическое исследование проводилось на основе двух методик по ценностным ориентациям – методика Шалома Шварца и по межкультурной компетентности – авторский опросник Захаровой А.М., Гуриевой С.Д. Мы использовали корреляционный анализ Спирмена и сравнительный анализ. Все данные обрабатывались в программе IBM SPSS Statistics 21 и Excel 2007.В ходе исследования были выявлены значимые и незначимые ценности иркутян. Также установлена взаимосвязь уровня межкультурной компетентности с такими ценностными ориентациями.Выводы исследования: для иркутян важнее всего безопасность, второе по значимости это доброта, третье – традиции; незначимая ценность – стимуляция, затем гедонизм и самая незначимая – власть; чем выше уровень межкультурной компетентности, тем значимее для иркутян традиции, конформность, универсализм и безопасность.Практическая значимость социально-психологического исследования заключается в разработанной методики для изучения уровня межкультурной компетентности, в помощи другим людям избежать межнациональных конфликтов, более того создавать взаимовыгодные отношения не взирая на межкультурные различия.The article is devoted to actual topic of intercultural competence. The subject of research is the impact of value orientations on the intercultural competence level. In this regard, the present research aims to: find the values that are valid for residents of the Irkutsk region and reveal the influence of value orientations on the intercultural competence level.Socio-psychological research was based on two methods measuring value orientations – Shalom Schwartz questionnaire, and author’s questionnaire by A. Zakharova and S. Gurieva, dedicated to intercultural competence. We used the Spearman correlation analysis and comparative analysis of average. Data was processed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21 program.The study revealed values, significant and insignificant for Irkutsk citizens. Correlation of intercultural competence level with value orientations, was also detected.The Conclusion of the research: safety is the most important for Irkutsk residents, the second in importance is kindness, the third is tradition; Insignificant value – is stimulation, then hedonism and the most insignificant - power; The higher the level of intercultural competence is, the more important traditions, conformity, universalism and safety are.The practical significance of the socio-psychological research is the method developed for studying the intercultural competence level, helping people to avoid ethnic conflicts and create a mutually beneficial relationship in spite of the cultural differences

Enzymatic C–C-Coupling Prenylation: Bioinformatics – Modelling – Mechanism – Protein-Redesign – Biocatalytic Application

The functional role of isoprenoids and especially enzymatic prenylation in nature and human application is briefly covered, with the focus on bioinformatical, mechanistical and structural aspects of prenyltransferases and terpene synthases. These enzymes are as yet underrepresented but perspectively useful biocatalysts for C–C couplings of aromatic and isoprenoid substrates. Some examples of the successful use in chemoenzymatic synthesis are given including an application for the otherwise difficult synthesis of Kuhistanol A. Computational structure-based site-directed mutagenesis can be used for rational enzyme redesign to obtain altered substrate and product specificities, which is demonstrated for terpene cyclases

Creative views on solving the problems of social policy in Russia and Belarus in rural areas

The article raises the issues of the ultimate effectiveness of regulatory measures of a social nature carried out by the state in rural areas of Russia and Belarus. For this purpose, the results of individual government directives are compared with the dynamics of demographic indicators, employment, real incomes, housing provision in rural areas, the structure of household expenditures. The problem areas of social policy in rural areas of Russia and Belarus are considered. As creative views on the solution of social problems in rural areas, options for the introduction and development of innovative agro-industrial ecosystems, which are defined by the authors as a set of economic, social, energy, information, marketing, financial and other entrepreneurial business structures that cover all the problem areas of development, are proposed

Criminal liability for violation of environmental protection

In the Russian Federation, industrial civil construction is currently one of the leading places in economic activity. It is one of the major factors of negative impact on the environment. At the construction stage, the most significant negative impacts on the environment are: air pollution by gas and dust emissions; pollution of underground and waste waters; pollution of the environment by construction waste; violation of the natural landscape of the area. One of the means of responding to violations of the rules of environmental protection and encroachment on environmental safety in the course of construction is the application of criminal law measures against subjects of socially dangerous behaviorIn the process of the study, the following legislative problems of regulating environmental crimes were identified: 1) the blanket nature of legal norms providing for liability for their commission; 2) the widespread use of evaluative concepts in characterizing the elements of an environmental crime; 3) the continuing nature of the acts in question; 4) features of the subject of environmental crime. These problems, to one degree or another, reduce the effectiveness of the criminal law impact on those responsible for committing environmental crimes in the construction industry. Based on the results of the study, a proposal was made to improve the norms of criminal legislation providing for liability for environmental crimes that violate the rules of environmental protection. It is proposed to provide for liability for violation of the requirements of environmental expertise. In addition, cases of applying the institute of reasonable risk in construction activities, which is a circumstance precluding the criminality of the act, are highlighted

Розробка однофазних інверторних зварювальних джерел живлення з підвищеним коефіцієнтом потужності

New topologies of single-phase inverter welding supplies with increased power factor are proposed. The need to increase the power factor of welding equipment is dictated by the introduction of modern standards of electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. One of the proposed power supplies is built on the basis of a modified forward-current converter, the other is based on a bridge converter. A distinctive feature of the presented power supplies with an increased power factor is the absence of additional inductive power components, a smaller capacity of the smoothing capacitor and a simplified scheme of limiting its charging current. The developed welding power supplies have an increased no-load voltage, which makes it possible to lightly ignite the arc during manual arc welding. Due to the increased power factor, the current consumed from the mains is 30 to 45 % lower than for widely used welding inverters without power factor correction. The presented circuit solutions of the converters allow creating welding inverter power supplies with a high-power factor, having a lower cost and better weight and size characteristics in comparison with professional welding inverters equipped with power factor correctors.Разработаны однофазные инверторные сварочные источники питания (прямоходовый и мостовой) с повышенным коэффициентом мощности. Отличительные особенности источников: отсутствие дополнительных силовых индуктивных компонентов, сниженная емкость конденсатора цепи постоянного тока, упрощенная схема ограничения зарядного тока. Потребляемый ток разработанных источников на 30–45 % ниже, чем у «классических» инверторных источников без корректора коэффициента мощностиРозроблено однофазні інверторні зварювальні джерела живлення (прямоходовий і мостовий) з підвищеним коефіцієнтом потужності. Відмінні риси джерел: відсутність додаткових силових індуктивних компонентів, знижена ємність конденсатора кола постійного струму, спрощена схема обмеження зарядного струму. Струм розроблених джерел на 30–45 % нижче, ніж у «класичних» інверторних джерел без коректора коефіцієнта потужност

Neural Simulation of Digital Twin of Top Management Motivation Mechanism in Regional Government Agencies

The aim of the research was the problem of neural simulation of the digital twin of non-financial and financial motivation of top management in government agencies, as well as the strategic potential of regions. Bayesian regularization is used as the network training algorithm because the quasi-time series developed for 83 regions in Russia for the period from 2010 to 2021 is highly noisy. The inner layer of the network has 15 neurons since in this case, the network is trained most optimally. In the verification stage of the trained network, the comparison of actual and forecast data showed that in 2021, the error of the trained network was to average the fluctuations of the quasi-time series. In other words, the network does not account for the overall downward trend in the data. This problem requires a separate in-depth study. For instance, in the case of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, it has been observed that in 2020 and 2021, top managers performed better than those in the leading region (Moscow) based on the parameter of the total area of residential premises per capita. Therefore, they should be financially rewarded for their performance. In terms of non-financial motivation, the top managers should be rewarded more in 2021 than in 2020. The strategic potential of the Nizhny Novgorod Region as a whole is more developed in 2021 than in 2020, which allows us to assess the region's development prospects positively

Economic cycles and the labor market: opportunities of using crises in the leading indicators system

The paper raises questions about the timeliness of anti-crisis measures taken by the government in Belarus. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of using some indicators of the labor market functioning as predictive indicators of macrodynamics. Within the framework of the problem of cycling, some conceptual issues of diagnosing the phases of the cycle, signs of the onset of a crisis phase in the labor market have been raised. Statistical data of Belarus for 2015 – 2022 were subjected to statistical and econometric analysis