Primary care training during internship - quality and organization

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenAims: In 2000 a new regulation regarding medical licensure came into effect requiring a three-month rotation at a primary health care centre during internship. The aim of this study was to explore the interns' attitude towards this experience, and particularly to find out how well the training was organized, the supervision they received, and the quality of teaching at the health care centres. Methods: In 2002 a survey was mailed to all interns (a total of 65) who had completed training at primary health care centres during 2000 and 2001. Five interns were unreachable and we obtained 38 replies (63% of those reachable, and 58% of target population). Results: The interns received clinical training in providing comprehensive services as well as formal teaching. If an intern needed assistance with patient care he/she was almost always able to obtain help within 10 minutes. In 92% of cases, experienced doctors were available for the interns to consult with during off-duty emergencies. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the current method of teaching interns in the primary health care setting is of good quality, the variety of work experience is positive, and the work environment is satisfactory. Overall the interns expressed satisfaction with their training. A few areas were identified as needing improvement. Further research is needed to assess whether the interns achieve their aims with regard to knowledge, attitude and skills in family practice.Markmið: Árið 2000 tók gildi ný reglugerð þar sem kveðið var á um þriggja mánaða dvöl á heilsugæslustöð sem hluta af starfsnámi unglækna á kandídatsári. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna viðhorf unglækna til starfsnáms á heilsugæslustöð, einkum hvað varðar skipulag námsins, handleiðslu og kennslugetu stöðvanna. Aðferðir: Árið 2002 var sendur út spurningalisti til allra lækna (alls 65) sem höfðu verið í starfsnámi á heilsugæslustöð á árunum 2000-2001. Ekki náðist í fimm lækna og svör bárust frá 38 af þeim 60 (63%) sem til náðist (58% af markhópnum). Niðurstöður: Unglæknar fengu starfsþjálfun í almennum heilsugæslustörfum auk formlegrar kennslu. Aðgengi eða aðstoð frá leiðbeinandi lækni fékkst í nær öllum tilvikum innan 10 mínútna. Vaktir unglækna um kvöld og helgar voru að jafnaði studdar með bakvakt reynds læknis í 92% tilvika. Ályktanir: Niðurstöður benda til þess að skipulag námsins sé gott, verkefni fjölbreytt, handleiðsla og starfsaðstaða viðunandi og almenn ánægja með námið. Niðurstöður gefa nokkrar vísbendingar um það sem betur má fara. Frekari rannsókna er þörf á því hvort unglæknar nái settum markmiðum varðandi kunnáttu, viðhorf og færni á viðfangsefnum innan heilsugæslunnar

Soil Carbon Accumulation and CO 2

Experimental plots were established on severely eroded land surfaces in Iceland in 1999 to study the rates and limits of soil carbon sequestration during restoration and succession. The carbon content in the upper 10 cm of soils increased substantially during the initial eight years in all plots for which the treatments included both fertilizer and seeding with grasses, concomitant with the increase in vegetative cover. In the following five years, however, the soil carbon accumulation rates declined to negligible for most treatments and the carbon content in soils mainly remained relatively constant. We suggest that burial of vegetated surfaces by aeolian drift and nutrient limitation inhibited productivity and carbon sequestration in most plots. Only plots seeded with lupine demonstrated continued long-term soil carbon accumulation and soil CO2 flux rates significantly higher than background levels. This demonstrates that lupine was the sole treatment that resulted in vegetation capable of sustained growth independent of nutrient availability and resistant to disruption by aeolian processes

Medication calculation skills of graduating nursing students within European context

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the medication calculation skills of graduating nursing students in six European countries and analyse the associated factors.Background: Medication calculation skills are fundamental to medication safety, which is a substantial part of patient safety. Previous studies have raised concerns about the medication calculation skills of nurses and nursing students.Design: As part of a broader research project, this study applies a multinational cross-sectional survey design with three populations: graduating nursing students, nurse managers and patients.Methods: The students performed two calculations (tablet and fluid) testing medication calculation skills requiring different levels of conceptual understanding and arithmetic. The managers and patients answered one question about the students' medication kills. In total, 1,796 students, 538 managers and 1,327 patients participated the study. The data were analysed statistically. The STROBE guideline for cross-sectional studies was applied.Results: Almost all (99%) of the students performed the tablet calculation correctly, and the majority (71%) answered the fluid calculation correctly. Older age, a previous degree in health care and satisfaction with their current degree programme was positively associated with correct fluid calculations. The patients evaluated the students' medication skills higher than the nurse managers did and the evaluations were not systematically aligned with the calculation skills tested.Conclusions: Nursing students have the skills to perform simple medication calculations, but a significant number of students have difficulties with calculations involving multiple operations and a higher level of conceptual understanding. Due to the variation in students' medication calculation skills and the unalignment between the managers' and patients' evaluations and the calculation tests, further research is needed.Relevance to clinical practice: Graduating nursing students enter clinical field as qualified professionals, but there is still room for improvement in their medication calculation skills. This calls for attention in the fields of clinical nursing, education and research.</p

Choosy Moral Punishers

The punishment of social misconduct is a powerful mechanism for stabilizing high levels of cooperation among unrelated individuals. It is regularly assumed that humans have a universal disposition to punish social norm violators, which is sometimes labelled “universal structure of human morality” or “pure aversion to social betrayal”. Here we present evidence that, contrary to this hypothesis, the propensity to punish a moral norm violator varies among participants with different career trajectories. In anonymous real-life conditions, future teachers punished a talented but immoral young violinist: they voted against her in an important music competition when they had been informed of her previous blatant misconduct toward fellow violin students. In contrast, future police officers and high school students did not punish. This variation among socio-professional categories indicates that the punishment of norm violators is not entirely explained by an aversion to social betrayal. We suggest that context specificity plays an important role in normative behaviour; people seem inclined to enforce social norms only in situations that are familiar, relevant for their social category, and possibly strategically advantageous

Why de dicto desires are fetishistic

Ratio, Volume 34, Issue 4, Page 303-311, December 2021

The Science Committee of the Council of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions:Moving forward

Five years ago, in this same journal, we presented the newly formed Science Committee1 of the Council of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (CCNAP). The aim of the CCNAP Science Committee is to support and contribute to the aim of CCNAP (optimisation of cardiovascular patient care) by taking responsibility for activities related to the research and the scientific foundation for cardiovascular nursing and allied professional practice within the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Now, we would like to conclude the first 6 years of activity and reflect on how we met our highly ambitious goals. Was it possible for the CCNAP Science Committee to foresee the needs of additional research activities within the CCNAP and, with hindsight, how did we do? However, we also want to present how we plan to move forward and encourage even more CCNAP members to take part in our activities

1H NMR-metabolomics: Can they be a useful tool in our understanding of cardiac arrest?

Objective: This review focuses on the presentation of the emerging technology of metabolomics, a promising tool for the detection of identifying the unrevealed biological pathways that lead to cardiac arrest. Data sources: The electronic bases of PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched. Research terms were identified using the MESH database and were combined thereafter. Initial search terms were &quot;cardiac arrest&quot;, &quot;cardiopulmonary resuscitation&quot;, &quot;post-cardiac arrest syndrome&quot; combined with &quot;metabolomics&quot;. Results: Metabolomics allow the monitoring of hundreds of metabolites from tissues or body fluids and already influence research in the field of cardiac metabolism. This approach has elucidated several pathophysiological mechanisms and identified profiles of metabolic changes that can be used to follow the disease processes occurring in the peri-arrest period. This can be achieved through leveraging the strengths of unbiased metabolome-wide scans, which include thousands of final downstream products of gene transcription, enzyme activity and metabolic products of extraneously administered substances, in order to identify a metabolomic fingerprint associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrest. Conclusion: Although this technology is still under development, metabolomics is a promising tool for elucidating biological pathways and discovering clinical biomarkers, strengthening the efforts for optimizing both the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

GróLind – Sustainable Land Use Based on Ecological Knowledge

The highlands of Iceland play an important role as summer rangelands for sheep. Large areas are badly degraded and the sustainability of this practice has been questioned. To achieve sustainable land management it is necessary both to obtain data on ecosystem changes over time and to ensure that the results are used by land users and policy makers in their management plans. Currently, the first long-term national vegetation and soil monitoring programme (GróLind) is being developed in Iceland. The programme is based on an agreement between the Icelandic National Associations of Sheep Farmers, the Farmers Association of Iceland, Ministry of Industries and Innovation, and the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland. The overall objective is to use ecological data to promote, in collaboration with stakeholders, sustainable land management in Icelandic rangelands. The focus is on monitoring variables linked to ecosystem function and structure to estimate rangeland condition and detect changes over time. The programme uses an adaptive monitoring approach and focuses on vegetation, soils and land use. Data will be collected at different spatial scales. Satellite images provide data for the whole country, while drones and on-site ecosystem analyses, by land users and specialists, are used for obtaining higher resolution data. The programme will develop indicators of sustainable land use based on experiments, active ecosystem monitoring and other available information. To ensure that GróLind meets its objectives stakeholders are actively involved in all steps of the project. This includes regular meetings of stakeholders and their integral involvement in the monitoring programme and presentation of results

The Science Committee of the Council of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions: Moving forward

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