Specters of War in Pyongyang: The Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum in North Korea

While North Korea accused South Korea of starting a “civil war” (naeran) during the Korean War, it has now moved away from such depictions to paint the war as an American war of imperialist aggression against Korea that was victoriously thwarted under the leadership of Kim Il Sung. In this regard, it may be more than a coincidence that the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum in Pyongyang was built in the early 1970s, just as the Vietnam War drew to a close with a Vietnamese victory. This article examines the memorialization of the Korean War in North Korea at two pivotal historical points—the end of the Vietnam War in the 1970s and the end of the Cold War in the 1990s—with a particular focus on contemporary exhibitions at the war museum in Pyongyang. Rather than offering a simple comparison of divergent narratives about the war, the article seeks to illustrate that North Korea’s conception of history and its account of the war are staunchly modernist, with tragic consequences. Keywords: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), North Korea, Korean War, Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museu

Introduction to "(De)Memorializing the Korean War: A Critical Intervention"

The purpose of this special issue is twofold: first, to engage in a critical intervention into the memorialization of the Korean War among the chief participants—the two Koreas, the United States, and China—to disrupt monolithic understandings of its origins, consequences, and experiences; and second, to do so as a necessary step toward reconciliation by placing divergent public memorials in conversation with one another. The collection of articles presented here pursues a comparative study of Korean War memorials and museums through a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, from sociology and history to ethnic studies and comparative literature, and brings together scholars in North America and South Korea. Not only does it incorporate the different positionalities from which scholars located across the Pacific think through the memorialization of the Korean War, but the different disciplinary strengths highlight the importance of connecting the macro with the micro, visuality with narrativity, and Asia with America. The collection also deliberately challenges the contained history of the Korean War that limits it to a three-year period between 1950 and 1953 by including the five years leading up to the war and explicitly exploring the way in which the unended war continues today...

Effets de la posture de travail sur les patrons musculaires de la région lombaire lors d’une tâche répétitive

En Amérique du Nord, la posture debout prolongée est largement utilisée dans les entreprises, alors que dans d'autres régions du monde, le travail s'effectue plutôt à partir de la position assise. Le travail en station debout prolongée a déjà été associé à divers symptômes comme la douleur lombaire et la fatigue généralisée. Des études récentes ont démontré une association entre la douleur lombaire en posture debout prolongée et des patrons de coactivation (activation coordonnée de paires de muscles) des muscles de la région lombo-pelvienne. Cependant, ces patrons n'ont jamais été mesurés pour d'autres postures de travail, ou lorsque la posture debout était accompagnée de gestes répétitifs des membres supérieurs. L'objectif principal de ce projet était d'évaluer l'effet de différentes posture de travail (debout, assise, assis-debout) sur les patrons de coactivation musculaire lombo-pelvienne lors d'une tâche manuelle répétitive réalisée dans deux environnements distincts (laboratoire, milieu de travail). Un objectif secondaire consistait à mesurer, pour chacune des postures, l'association entre les patrons musculaires et les symptômes d'inconfort. L'hypothèse de travail était qu'il y aurait un lien entre les mesures de coactivation et la manifestation des symptômes d'inconfort, comme déjà démontré pour la posture statique debout. La seconde hypothèse formulée prévoyait que comparativement aux données de la littérature démontrant une augmentation de la coactivation lombo-pelvienne lors d'une tâche de posture debout sans mouvements des bras, la présence de ces mouvements dans notre étude contribuerait à atténuer l'augmentation de coactivation lombaire normalement observée avec le temps. Finalement, une troisième hypothèse avançait que les changements de posture influenceraient les patrons de coactivation musculaire lombo-pelvienne de l'ensemble des participants, mais de façon moins marquée chez les travailleurs expérimentés que chez les novices évalués en laboratoire. Un groupe de 11 travailleurs dont les tâches incluent le travail en station debout avec gestes manuels répétitifs a suivi le protocole de recherche directement en milieu de travail (5 hommes, 6 femmes, âge moyen : 43.2 ± 8.8/ années d'ancienneté : 11.6 ± 9.3). Un groupe de 18 personnes sans expérience, apparié selon le sexe et l'âge, a suivi le protocole de recherche en laboratoire (10 hommes, 8 femmes, âge moyen : 32.4 ± 8.2). Lors de trois séances expérimentales (présentées dans un ordre aléatoire), les participants des deux groupes ont effectué une tâche manuelle répétitive pendant une demi-heure en position debout, assise ou assis-debout. Le siège utilisé pour le travail assis et le banc servant à la posture assis-debout ont été ajustés selon les normes ergonomiques. Les patrons bilatéraux d'activation des muscles de la région lombo-pelvienne (érecteurs du rachis, obliques externes, droits de l'abdomen, moyens glutéaux) ont été enregistrés à l'aide d'électrodes de surface, et les scores d'inconfort à l'aide de schémas corporels et d'échelles durant la tâche manuelle et aussi durant des intervalles de posture statique. Des mesures de coactivation ont été effectuées selon deux méthodes décrites dans la littérature : la méthode de corrélations croisées et la méthode de calcul de l'information mutuelle. Des analyses de variances entre les variables Temps et Posture ont été appliquées sur les indices d'inconfort, et les mesures de coactivation ont été réalisées à l'aide de deux modèles statistiques (un modèle pour les données de laboratoire, un modèle pour les données du travail). L'analyse des données enregistrées en milieu de travail a démontré peu d'effets de posture; cependant, une plus grande coactivation bilatérale entre les muscles moyens glutéaux lors du travail debout confirme les résultats publiés précédemment pour les tâches effectuées en posture statique debout. Il n'y a aucun changement significatif dans le temps des indices de coactivation, et peu de travailleurs ont rapporté de l'inconfort lors du travail réalisé dans chacune des trois postures. Cependant, contrairement à ce qui était attendu, les résultats de laboratoire ont révélé que plusieurs indices de coactivation ainsi que le nombre de participants ayant rapporté de l'inconfort étaient plus élevés lors de la tâche en posture assise. De plus, une augmentation dans le temps des deux indices de coactivation a pu être observée. Il est possible que les différences d'expertise mais aussi dans la façon de faire les gestes avec les bras expliquent les discordances de résultats entre les volets milieu de travail et laboratoire. Les résultats présentés dans ce rapport ainsi que d'autres résultats récents de notre laboratoire mettent en lumière l'impact de la posture de travail, de l'expérience/expertise, et des gestes des bras sur les indicateurs de coactivation lombaire, et pourraient ainsi avoir un impact sur les facteurs pronostiques de l'apparition de symptômes en lien avec le travail manuel en posture prolongée

Efficacy of Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase Inhibitors in a Primary Mouse Model of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

Recent advances in sarcoma genomics have identified novel mutations in the PI3K pathway in human sarcomas. Here, we use a mouse model of primary soft-tissue sarcoma for preclinical testing of doxorubicin and inhibitors of the PI3K pathway: BKM120 (PI3K inhibitor) and BEZ235 (a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor). Doxorubicin-treated tumors (n = 15) showed a partial response rate of 6.6%, just as the majority of human sarcomas do not respond to doxorubicin. Treatment with BKM120 elicited a partial response in 50% of tumors (n = 10), which was also seen in combination with doxorubicin (n = 10). Additionally, BKM120 treatment produced a robust delay in tumor growth kinetics. BEZ235-treated tumors (n = 9) showed a complete response rate of 11.1%. Combining BEZ235 with doxorubicin (n = 10) increased the complete response rate to 50% (P = 0.035). These studies demonstrate that PI3K pathway inhibition is a viable and attractive target for soft-tissue sarcomas

Radio Jet Feedback and Star Formation in Heavily Obscured Quasars at Redshifts ~0.3-3, I: ALMA Observations

We present ALMA 870 micron (345 GHz) data for 49 high redshift (0.47<z<2.85), luminous (11.7 < log L(bol) (Lsun) < 14.2) radio-powerful AGN, obtained to constrain cool dust emission from starbursts concurrent with highly obscured radiative-mode black hole (BH) accretion in massive galaxies which possess a small radio jet. The sample was selected from WISE with extremely steep (red) mid-infrared (MIR) colors and with compact radio emission from NVSS/FIRST. Twenty-six sources are detected at 870 microns, and we find that the sample has large mid- to far-infrared luminosity ratios consistent with a dominant and highly obscured quasar. The rest-frame 3 GHz radio powers are 24.7 < log P3.0 GHz (W/Hz) < 27.3, and all sources are radio-intermediate or radio-loud. BH mass estimates are 7.7 < log M(BH) (Msun) < 10.2. The rest frame 1-5 um SEDs are very similar to the "Hot DOGs" (Hot Dust Obscured Galaxies), and steeper (redder) than almost any other known extragalactic sources. ISM masses estimated for the ALMA detected sources are 9.9 < log M(ISM) (Msun) < 11.75 assuming a dust temperature of 30K. The cool dust emission is consistent with star formation rates (SFRs) reaching several thousand Msun/yr, depending on the assumed dust temperature, however we cannot rule out the alternative that the AGN powers all the emission in some cases. Our best constrained source has radiative transfer solutions with ~ equal contributions from an obscured AGN and a young (10-15 Myr) compact starburst.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Astrophysical Journal. Update on Sept 14 to correct the ALMA proposal id. to ADS/JAO.ALMA#2011.0.00397.S and to add a missing acknowledgemen

The Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase is Essential for Adaptive Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue

Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is a selenoenzyme, the product of the recently cloned cAMP-dependent Dio2 gene, which increases 10- to 50-fold during cold stress only in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we report that despite a normal plasma 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) concentration, cold-exposed mice with targeted disruption of the Dio2 gene (Dio2–/–) become hypothermic due to impaired BAT thermogenesis and survive by compensatory shivering with consequent acute weight loss. This occurs despite normal basal mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) concentration. In Dio2–/– brown adipocytes, the acute norepinephrine-, CL316,243-, or forskolin-induced increases in lipolysis, UCP1 mRNA, and O2 consumption are all reduced due to impaired cAMP generation. These hypothyroid-like abnormalities are completely reversed by a single injection of T3 14 hours earlier. Recent studies suggest that UCP1 is primarily dependent on thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) while the normal sympathetic response of brown adipocytes requires TRα. Intracellularly generated T3 may be required to saturate the TRα, which has an approximately fourfold lower T3-binding affinity than does TRβ. Thus, D2 is an essential component in the thyroid-sympathetic synergism required for thermal homeostasis in small mammals

CoNaMad-Cohorte de Nacimiento de Madre de Dios/Madre de Dios Birth Cohort to Study Effects of in-utero Trace Metals Exposure in the Southern Peruvian Amazon.

Background: In-utero exposure to mercury and other trace metals pose a significant threat to child health and development, but exposures and health impacts in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) environments are poorly defined. Objectives: We describe the CONAMAD study design, a prospective birth cohort consisting of multiparous women (18 and over) living in rural and peri-urban Peruvian Amazon communities exposed to ASGM. Methods: Pregnant women are enrolled from health posts across four zones of Madre de Dios, Peru. Data are collected at enrollment, childbirth, and (planned) 36-48 months. At enrollment, hair samples for mercury assessment, demographic and clinical data are obtained. At birth, we obtain venous and cord blood, placenta, hair, toenails, and saliva. Findings: Two hundred seventy mothers were enrolled at an average 20 weeks gestational age with no differences in maternal characteristics across zones. Two hundred fifteen mothers were successfully followed at birth. We obtained 214 maternal and cord blood samples, 211 maternal and 212 infant hair samples, 212 placenta samples, 210 infant saliva samples, and 214 infant dried blood spots. Data collected will allow for testing our primary hypotheses of maternal malnutrition modifying ratios of cord:maternal blood total mercury (tHg), cord blood:maternal hair tHg, and infant:maternal hair tHg, and whether chemical mixtures (Hg, Pb, Cd) have synergistic effects on infant neurodevelopment. Conclusions: CONAMAD is designed to collect and store samples for future processing and hypothesis testing associated with in-utero mercury exposure and child development. We have completed the exposure assessments and will conduct a follow-up of mothers to evaluate early child development outcomes, including developmental delay and growth. These data offer insights into disease mechanisms, exposure prevention, and policy guidance for countries where ASGM is prevalent

Light, the universe and everything – 12 Herculean tasks for quantum cowboys and black diamond skiers

The Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE) has been a seminal force in quantum optics and related areas since 1971. It is rather mind-boggling to recognize how the concepts presented at these conferences have transformed scientific understanding and human society. In January 2017, the participants of PQE were asked to consider the equally important prospects for the future, and to formulate a set of questions representing some of the greatest aspirations in this broad field. The result is this multi-authored paper, in which many of the world’s leading experts address the following fundamental questions: (1) What is the future of gravitational wave astronomy? (2) Are there new quantum phases of matter away from equilibrium that can be found and exploited – such as the time crystal? (3) Quantum theory in uncharted territory: What can we learn? (4) What are the ultimate limits for laser photon energies? (5) What are the ultimate limits to temporal, spatial and optical resolution? (6) What novel roles will atoms play in technology? (7) What applications lie ahead for nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond? (8) What is the future of quantum coherence, squeezing and entanglement for enhanced super-resolution and sensing? (9) How can we solve (some of) humanity’s biggest problems through new quantum technologies? (10) What new understanding of materials and biological molecules will result from their dynamical characterization with free-electron lasers? (11) What new technologies and fundamental discoveries might quantum optics achieve by the end of this century? (12) What novel topological structures can be created and employed in quantum optics