Oxidative Dissolution of Cemented Tungsten Carbides in Molten Sodium Carbonate by Addition of Copper(I) Oxide as Oxidizing Agent for Tungsten Recycling

Due to the monopolized supply of tungsten resource, it is important to efficiently recycle tungsten scrap for use as a secondary resource. The recycling of tungsten from cemented carbide tools by the molten carbonate method was investigated using simulated hard and soft scrap (carbide tool tips and WC powder, respectively). The oxidative dissolution of tungsten was examined in molten Na₂CO₃ under Ar–O₂–CO₂ atmospheres at 1173 K. Based on the immersion potentials of Cu, W, Co, C, and WC–Co, Cu₂O was suggested to work as an oxidizing agent for tungsten dissolution. The oxidative dissolution rate for carbide tool tips with 12.8 mol% Cu₂O addition reached 57 mg h⁻¹ for the reaction time of 2.5 h, equivalent to 0.32 mm h⁻¹. The decrease in the dissolution rate after 2.5 h was attributed to the decrease in the Cu(I) ion concentration in the melt and the inhibition of ion diffusion by the deposited metallic Cu. No violent reaction leading to explosion was observed, even for the oxidative dissolution of fine WC powder with a large surface area. Thus, this method provides significant safety improvements compared to the molten nitrate method

コソダテ シエンイン ケンシュウ セイド ニオケル シャカイテキ ヨウゴ コース ソウセツ ト ソノ イギ

本研究ノートにおいては，平成27年４月から始まった子育て支援員研修制度の創設について紹介し，その意義について検討した。特に，子育て支援員研修（社会的養護コース）は，現在喫緊の課題とされる社会的養護における支援人材の確保・育成・定着をいかに促進するかということに対して考察した。This research notebook introduces the establishment of a course on the alternative care of children in the training system for child care support personnel, and investigates the significance of this.In particular, the course on the alternative care of children in the training system for child care support personnel considers what is currently considered an urgent issue: How to promote the cultivation, training, and establishment of support for those in human resources in the alternative care system

Morphological changes in the meibomian glands of patients with phlyctenular keratitis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Summary of 13 patients with phlyctenular keratitis. (XLSX 11 kb

Diabetes-Mediated Exacerbation of Neuronal Damage and Inflammation After Cerebral Ischemia in Rat: Protective Effects of Water-Soluble Extract from Culture Medium of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelia

"Advances in the Preclinical Study of Ischemic Stroke, Chapter 11", Edited by Maurizio Balestrino, ISBN 978-953-51-0290-8, Published: March 16, 2012. Open Acess

Increased Tear Fluid Production as a Compensatory Response to Meibomian Gland Loss A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study

PurposeTo compare tear film parameters as well as meibomian gland morphologic features and function among patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), those with non–Sjögren syndrome aqueous-deficient dry eye (non-SS ADDE), those with non-SS ADDE and MGD, and normal subjects.DesignMulticenter, cross-sectional, observational case series.ParticipantsForty-one eyes of 41 patients (all women; mean age ± standard deviation, 62.1±9.9 years) with non-SS ADDE, 70 eyes of 70 patients (all women; 66.0±8.7 years) with MGD, 17 eyes of 17 patients (all women; 72.4±7.8 years) with non-SS ADDE and MGD, and 70 eyes of 70 normal control subjects (all women; 65.0±7.1 years).MethodsOcular symptoms were scored from 0 to 14 and lid margin abnormalities from 0 to 4 according to their respective number. Meibomian gland changes were scored from 0 to 6 (meiboscore) on the basis of noncontact meibography findings, and meibum was graded from 0 to 3 depending on its volume and quality. Conjunctival and corneal epithelial damage were scored from 0 to 9 (fluorescein score). Tear film break-up time (TBUT) was measured as an index of tear film stability, and tear fluid production was evaluated with Schirmer's test.Main Outcome MeasuresOcular symptom score, lid margin abnormality score, meiboscore, meibum grade, fluorescein score, TBUT, and Schirmer's test value.ResultsThe ocular symptom score did not differ significantly between the MGD and non-SS ADDE groups (P = 0.762). The lid margin abnormality score, meiboscore, and meibum grade were significantly higher in the MGD group than in the non-SS ADDE group (P = 0.0012, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). The fluorescein score, TBUT, and Schirmer's test value were significantly worse in the non-SS ADDE group than in the MGD group (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0061, and P < 0.0001, respectively). The meiboscore correlated significantly with Schirmer's test value only in the MGD group (ρ = 0.508, P = 8.3×10−6).ConclusionsAn increase in tear fluid production likely compensates for loss of meibomian glands in individuals with MGD