Perkecambahan Biji Anggrek Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum Pada Media MS dengan Penambahan BAP Secara In Vitro

 AbstrakGrammatophyllum stapeliiflorum merupakan jenis anggrek epifit dengan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif yang relatif lambat. Anggrek ini termasuk ke dalam kelompok CITES Apendiks II. Kultur in vitro merupakan usaha perbanyakan paling efektif untuk tanaman anggrek. Penggunaan media kultur dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) yang tepat akan meningkatkan keberhasilan perkecambahan biji anggrek secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi media MS dan penambahan BAP terbaik terhadap perkecambahan anggrek G. stapeliiflorum secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan berupa variasi konsentrasi media MS dan BAP, yaitu: MS penuh; MS ½ hara makro; MS ¼ hara makro; MS penuh + 1 ppm BAP; MS ½ hara makro + 1 ppm BAP; dan MS ¼ hara makro + 1 ppm BAP. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini, yaitu waktu muncul protokorm dan persentase tahap perkecambahan biji. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan New Multiple Range Test dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BAP mampu mempercepat waktu muncul protokorm. Konsentrasi media MS ¼ hara makro + 1 ppm BAP merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk perkecambahan biji anggrek tahap 0 hingga tahap 3, sedangkan konsentrasi media MS ¼ hara makro merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk mencapai tahap 4 perkecambahan biji anggrek G. stapeliiflorum secara in vitro.AbstractGrammatophyllum stapeliiflorum is a type of epiphytic orchid with relatively slow vegetative and generative growth. This orchid is included in the CITES Appendix II group. In vitro culture is the most effective propagation method for orchid plants. The use of appropriate culture media and growth regulators will increase the success of orchid seed germination in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of the best concentration of MS media and the addition of BAP on the germination of G. stapeliiflorum orchids in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of varying concentrations of MS and BAP media, namely: full MS; MS ½ macro nutrients; MS ¼ macro nutrients; full MS + 1 ppm BAP; MS ½ macro nutrients + 1 ppm BAP; and MS ¼ macro nutrients + 1 ppm BAP. The parameters observed in this study were the time when the protocorm appeared and the percentage of seed germination stages. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and the Duncan New Multiple Range Test with a level of 5%. The results of the study showed that administration of BAP was able to speed up the time when protocorm appeared. MS media concentration ¼ macro nutrients + 1 ppm BAP is the best concentration for stage 0 to stage 3 orchid seed germination, while MS media concentration ¼ macro nutrients is the best concentration for achieving stage 4 germination of G. stapeliiflorum orchid seeds in vitro.

Application of Centella asiatica extract as Biostimulant on Growth of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC)

Research on the effect of pegagan (Centella asiatica) extract as a biostimulant on the growth of kale plants (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC) was conducted from April 2022 to August 2022 in the Greenhouse and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Padang. This study aims to determine the effect of giving Pegagan extract as a biostimulant that can improve the quality of kale plant leaves and the concentration of Pegagan extract that can increase the growth of kale plants. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replicates. Treatments included the following amounts of Pegagan extract: A. (0 mg/l), B. (12.5 mg/l), C. (25 mg/l), D. (50 mg/l), and E. (100 mg/l). The results showed that several concentrations of Pegagan extract had different effects on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll of kale plants. However, it did not give different effects on plant growth parameters, namely plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet weight, and dry weight of kale plants. Based on the proximate analysis, the application of Pegagan extract has not been able to influence the quality of the kale plant's water, ash, fat, carbohydrate, and vitamin C. Still, it can affect kale plants' protein and crude fiber content

Pengaruh Cara Aplikasi dan Konsentrasi Ekstrak Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Kubis Singgalang (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

Biostimulan alami adalah salah satu teknologi paling menjanjikan yang baru-baru ini diterapkan dalam sistem pertanian modern yang bertujuan menuju keberlanjutan. Biostimulan didefinisikan sebagai setiap produk yang merangsang efisiensi nutrisi tanaman secara independen dari kandungan nutrisinya dengan tujuan tunggal untuk meningkatkan satu atau lebih karakteristik tanaman atau rizosfer berikut, efisiensi penggunaan nutrisi, toleransi cekaman abiotik, atribut kualitas dan ketersediaan nutrisi. Moringa oleifera mengandung unsur makro dan mikro, zat pengatur tumbuh seperti sitokinin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak kelor dan cara aplikasi ekstrak serta interaksi antara konsentrasi dan cara aplikasi ekstrak yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan umur panen kubis Singgalang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor A merupakan taraf konsentrasi (kontrol, 1:64 (v/v), 1:32 (v/v) dan 1:16 (v/v)) dan faktor B merupakan cara aplikasi (daun, tanah dan gabungan daun dan tanah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kelor dengan  konsentrasi 1:32 (v/v) mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun dan panjang akar kubis Singgalang. Cara aplikasi ekstrak tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata serta tidak terjadi interaksi antara konsentrasi dan cara aplikasi ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan dan umur panen kubis Singgalang.  

The Growth of Coastal Cottonwood (Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.) Seedlings by Inoculating Arbuscular Mychorrhiza Fungi (AMF) on Sand Beach Planting Media

Hibiscus tiliaceus L. is a seaside plant that has several benefits, one of which is as a producer of paper fiber. H. tiliaceus need a better nutrient to grow on coastal land that is still constrained by the high level of salinity. By this, a special treatment is needed to support its growth. One of them is the application of mycorrhizal inoculants. Mycorrhizae is known as one of the fungi that can help plants tolerate salinity. The aims of the research were to determine the effect of AMF inoculants and determine the best doses of AMF to the seedling growth. The research used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were (A) without AMF (control), (B) inoculation AMF 10 g/plant, (C) inoculation AMF 15 g/plant, (D) inoculation AMF 20 g/plant and (E) inoculation AMF 25 g/plant. The result showed that AMF can infect the roots of hibiscus seedlings with an infection degree of 18-34%. However, it has not been able to have a significant effect on shoot length, number of leaves, dry weight of root, and dry weight of shoot

Pengaruh Air Lindi Sisa Pakan Maggot (Hermetia illucens) terhadap Pertumbuhan Sawi Pagoda (Brassica rapa var. narinosa L.) dengan Sistem Hidroponik

Air lindi sisa pakan maggot merupakan salah satu pupuk organik cair yang berasal dari larutan hasil pembusukan bahan organik oleh lalat tentara hitam, penggunaan air lindi sisa pakan maggot yang dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan serta ketergantungan dari pemakaian pupuk anorganik pada sistem hidroponik. Air lindi sisa pakan maggot mengandung unsur hara alami yang telah terurai sehingga lebih mudah diserap oleh tanaman serta dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian air lindi sisa pakan maggot sebagai pengganti AB mix pada pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pagoda dengan sistem hidroponik, mendapatkan konsentrasi air lindi sisa pakan maggot terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pagoda, dan mengetahui efektivitas pemberian air lindi sisa pakan maggot dalam mengurangi pemakaian pupuk anorganik. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan  terdiri dari AB mix (Kontrol), kombinasi AB mix dan air lindi sisa pakan maggot dengan perbandingan (3:1), (1:1), (1:3), dan air lindi sisa pakan maggot tanpa AB mix. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian kombinasi AB mix dan air lindi sisa pakan maggot memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata secara statistik dan memberikan pengaruh yang sama dengan kontrol pada parameter berat segar tanaman dan berat kering tanaman. Pemberian hanya air lindi sisa pakan maggot tidak dapat menggantikan pemakaian AB mix. Perlakuan (1:1) merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pagoda dan dapat meminimalkan pemakaian pupuk anorganik sebesar 50%

Pertumbuhan Bibit Surian (Toona Sinensis (Juss,) M. Roem) Yang Diinokulasi Mikoriza Pada Media Tanam Tanah Ultisol

Penelitian tentang pertumbuhan bibit surian (Toona sinensis (Juss,) M. Roem) yang diinokulasi mikoriza pada media tanam tanah ultisol telah dilakukan dari bulan November 2014 sampai Februari 2015 di rumah kaca dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit surian yang diinokulasi dengan beberapa dosis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada tanah ultisol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang diberikan adalah tanpa inokulasi; inokulan 5 g/tanaman; inokulan 10 g/tanaman; inokulan 15 g/tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis FMA sebanyak 15 g/tanaman pada media tanah ultisol memperlihatkan pengaruh yang nyata pada pertambahan jumlah daun tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertambahan tinggi dan diameter batang serta berat kering tanaman selama 12 minggu pengamatan

Callus Induction of Aerides odorata Lour. by Adding 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

The research about callus induction of Aerides odorata L. by adding 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D), has been done from August to October 2018 in Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The aim of this research was found the effective consentration of 2,4-D to induce somatic embryo of A.odorata. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were: 0 mg/L 2,4-D; 0,25 mg/L 2,4-D; 0,5 mg/L 2,4-D; 0,75 mg/L 2,4-D; 1 mg/L 2,4-D. The result showed that the treatmeant were able induction callus of A.odorata, with compact until the friable texture, color of the resulting callus is yellowish green and greenish yellow. 2,4-D 1 mg/L was the best concentration to increase fresh weight of callus

Induksi PLB Anggrek Vanda sumatrana Schltr. Liar Pada Media MS dengan Penambahan BAP dan NAA serta Ploidisasi dengan Kolkisin

The study about PLB induction of wild Vanda sumatrana Schltr. on MS media suplement with BAP and NAA and ploidisation by colchicine treatment was conducted from December 2014 until November 2015 at the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Biology department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang. The study aimed to 1) knowing the best concentration of 6-Benzyl amino purin (BAP) and α-Naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) for Protocorm Like Bodies (PLB)  induction from shoot tip of V. sumatrana, 2) knowing the PLB response of V. sumatrana to concentrations and soak period of colchicine and 3) find the effective concentrations and soak period of colchicine to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana. Shoot tips from in-vitro cultured of V. sumatrana  were subcultured on Murashinge and Skoog (MS) medium supplement with 3 mg/l BAP + 0,5 mg/l NAA, 3 mg/l BAP and 1,5 mg/l BAP. PLB of diploid V. sumatrana from the best treatment were soaked in 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine for 24 and 48 hours respectively in MS liquid medium, as control were set PLB without colchicine treatment. The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP was the best formula to induce PLB. The highest percentage of survival rate of PLB and percentage of survived PLB regenerated shoot was obtained from 0.05% colchicine with 24 hours soak period treatment. The effective treatment to induce tetraploid on PLB of V. sumatrana Schltr. was obtained from 0.05% colchicine solution for 24 hours soak period

Growth of Andalas (Morus macroura Miq.) seedlings from shoot cutting inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi

Andalas is the mascot flora of West Sumatera because its closely related to Minangkabau’s Culture. Andalas stems are used as a material for “Rumah Gadang’s pole” which is a traditional house of Minangkabau. Exploitation and its nature as a dioecious plant cause the population to be increasingly threatened. Shoot cutting is an alternative to multiply this plant and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi is commonly used to increase roots growth in cuttings. The research about the growth of Andalas (Morus macroura Miq.) seedlings from shoot cutting inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi was conducted from March to August 2016 at green house and Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Andalas university, Padang. The aim of this research was to found the compatible types of AMF to increase the growth of Andalas seedlings from shoot cutting. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were without inoculant (control), Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp. The result showed that Acaulospora sp. significantly increased the height of plant, the length of root and very high criteria of mycorrhiza dependency.     Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi, Morus macroura Miq., Shoot cuttin

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Mikania micrantha Kunth. (Invasif) dan Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (Non Invasif) Terhadap Perkecambahan Jagung (Zea mays L.)

The Research about the effects of extract from the invasive plant leaves of Mikania micrantha Kunth. and non-invasive plant leaves of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. on the germination of corn (Zea mays L.) has been conducted in July 2016 in Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biology Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Andalas University, Padang. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of extract from the leaves of plants M. micrantha and C. sulphureus with several concentrations on the germination of corn. The research used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) on Nested, 9 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were factor A (type of plants, a1= Mikania micrantha and a2= Cosmos sulphureus) and factor B (leaf extract concentration, b0= 0%, b1= 20%, b= 40%, b3= 60%, b4= 80%). The results showed that the extract of the leaves from M. micrantha affected to reduced the fresh weight plants at concentration of 20%, where as in leaf extract of C. sulphureus affected to reduced the fresh weight plants at concentration of 40%