Inhibition of fish bacteria pathogen in tilapia using a concoction three of Borneo plant extracts

This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of concoction Solanum ferox, Boesenbergia pandurata and Zingimber zerumbetextract (SF, BP, and ZZ) to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in tilapia with the each concentrations 600 ppm BP, 900 ppm SF and 200 ppm ZZ. Antibacterial activity was measured by testing the concoction of three plants extract against single isolate Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. and combined both bacteria (105 colony-forming units per milliliter). In this research, oxytetracycline was used as a control. Clear zone inhibition was observed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after incubation at 30 °C. The results showed that the different concoction of BP: SF: ZZ have inhibitory zones against both single and joint isolate bacteria. The ratio of3:3:4 and 1:8:1 had higher antibacterial activity towards Pseudomonas sp. and 1:1:3 ratios both inhibit joint bacteria. The ZI% higher of concoction extracts against A.hydrophila is 1:1:8; 1:3:1; 3:4:3. The ZI% concoction extracts against Pseudomonas sp. ware 3:3:4 and 1:8:1 ratio. While the two bacteria combined, just 1:1:3 ratio had higher Z%. The conclusion is that a concoction of SF:BP:ZZ is effective to inhibit the growth of A.hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp., even its antibacterial ability is similar to the effectiveness of antibiotic oxytetracycline

Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Indonesian Lai, Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk) Becc] Fruit Extract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] fruit extract.Methods: The fruit flesh of D. kutejensis was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, and ethanol/EtOH at room temperature repeatedly. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to yield their residues. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while anti-melanogensis activity was evaluated by tyrosinase enzyme activity and B16 melanoma cell assays (melanin inhibition and cytotoxicity).Results: The extract (200 μg/mL) showed melanin inhibition by inhibiting melanin formation in B16 melanoma cell by 47 % without cytotoxicity but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The extract (1 - 1000 μg/mL) also exhibited some level of antioxidant activity including ORAC (0.04 ± 0.00 μmol TE/mg at 950 μg/mL), ABTS (1.0 ± 0.2 % at 100.8 μg/mL), SOD (IC50, 76.00 ± 14.6 μg/mL, and DPPH (21.5 ± 0.7 % at 97.39 μg/mL extract concentration).Conclusion: The fruit extract of Durio kutejensis has antioxidant properties with a potential for treating hyperpigmentation and for use as a skin-lightening agent.Keywords: Durio kutejensis, Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, B16 Melanoma cell Hyperpigmentation, Skin-lightening agen

Aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri dari ekstrak bee pollen lebah kelulut (Tetragonula sarawaknensis)

Pemanfaatan produk propolis dan bee pollen madu tanpa sengat atau Kelulut masih sangat terbatas, demikian juga penelitiannya belum banyak dilakukan bahkan bisa dikatakan masih sangat terbatas termasuk kandungan zat ekstraktif pada bee pollen tersebut. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk skirining manfaat bee pollen sebagai produk kecantikan dan produk yang mengandung bahan yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Kemajuan teknologi dan gaya hidup manusia dimasa sekarang cenderung mudah menimbulkan banyak penyakit baru. Hal ini menimbulkan rasa penasaran akan bee pollen sebagai produk dari alam yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan dan menghambat pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi dingin etanol 98% selama 3 x 24 jam, dilanjutkan dengan uji fitokimia, dan analisis antioksidan dengan uji DPPH dan penghambatan Propionibacterium acnes dengan metode difusi agar. Ekstrak bee pollen T. sarawakensis mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, kumarin dan tanin. Ekstrak T. sarawakensis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai konsentrasi hambatan 39% pada 100 mg/mL. Ekstrak memiliki penghambatan terkuat dari Propionibacterium acnes (42% pada 500 µg/well). Hasil ini menunjukkan adanya potensi ekstrak etanol T. sarawakensis untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan kosmetik dan jamu, namun diperlukan percobaan lebih lanjut untuk membuktikan fungsinya

A Study on the Production Method of Kenaf High Fiber Strength

Kenaf bast fiber from 58 varieties grown in Zhejiang province, China, was treated using three treatments. First treatment used ammonium oxalate, sodium hydroxide and acidic chlorite (AT3), second treatment used ammonium oxalate and sodium hydroxide (AT0) and the third one was retting treatment (RET). Some parameters such as diameter, height and weight of stalk, and also fiber strength were measured for screening method.Treatment AT3 show much better strength than the other two. It means the single fiber which belongs to AT3 is stronger than the bundle fiber of AT0 and RET. Moreover the chemical treatment of AT0 has much stronger bundle fiber than RET. The best-8 varieties (kenaf sample number 8, 11, 12, 30, 32, 48, 52 and 58) were selected based on the fiber strength and kenaf sample number 12 and 32 reached the superior two if evaluated with other factors