Reflections on the Application of Global Shared Economy to Colleges and Universities

With the Internet + era, a new economic model - shared economy gradually into the people\u27s vision, began sweeping the world, it changed people\u27s way of life, and is with its revolutionary power to subvert the traditional industry, economic model, this paper aims at trying to apply the theory of shared economic business model to the theoretical guidance of future university practice exploration

Explainable and Safe Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Air Mobility

Increasing traffic demands, higher levels of automation, and communication enhancements provide novel design opportunities for future air traffic controllers (ATCs). This article presents a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller to aid conflict resolution for autonomous free flight. Although DRL has achieved important advancements in this field, the existing works pay little attention to the explainability and safety issues related to DRL controllers, particularly the safety under adversarial attacks. To address those two issues, we design a fully explainable DRL framework wherein we: 1) decompose the coupled Q value learning model into a safety-awareness and efficiency (reach the target) one; and 2) use information from surrounding intruders as inputs, eliminating the needs of central controllers. In our simulated experiments, we show that by decoupling the safety-awareness and efficiency, we can exceed performance on free flight control tasks while dramatically improving explainability on practical. In addition, the safety Q learning module provides rich information about the safety situation of environments. To study the safety under adversarial attacks, we additionally propose an adversarial attack strategy that can impose both safety-oriented and efficiency-oriented attacks. The adversarial aims to minimize safety/efficiency by only attacking the agent at a few time steps. In the experiments, our attack strategy increases as many collisions as the uniform attack (i.e., attacking at every time step) by only attacking the agent four times less often, which provide insights into the capabilities and restrictions of the DRL in future ATC designs. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/WLeiiiii/Gym-ATC-Attack-Project

HBV infection-induced liver cirrhosis development in dual-humanized mice with human bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation

疾病动物模型是现代医学发展的基石，尤其是重大、突发传染病暴发时，适宜的疾病动物模型可为及时发现病原体、制定防控策略提供强大保障，原创的疾病动物模型已成为衡量一个国家生物医药科研水平的标志。我校夏宁邵教授团队和浙江大学附属第一医院李君教授团队历经5年的协同攻关，终于建立了国际上首个高度模拟人类乙肝病毒（HBV）自然感染诱发的慢乙肝肝硬化小鼠模型。厦门大学公共卫生学院袁伦志博士生、浙江大学医学院附属第一医院江静博士和厦门大学公共卫生学院刘旋博士生为该论文共同第一作者。厦门大学夏宁邵教授、浙江大学附属第一医院李君教授和厦门大学程通副教授为该论文共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Objective： Developing a small animal model that accurately delineates the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunopathophysiology is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of host-virus interactions and to identify intervention strategies for HBV-related liver diseases. This study aimed to develop an HBV-induced chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis mouse model through transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Design： Transplantation of hBMSCs into Fah -/- Rag2 -/- IL-2Rγc -/- SCID (FRGS) mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) induced by hamster-anti-mouse CD95 antibody JO2 generated a liver and immune cell dual-humanized (hBMSC-FRGS) mouse. The generated hBMSC-FRGS mice were subjected to assessments of sustained viremia, specific immune and inflammatory responses and liver pathophysiological injury to characterize the progression of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis after HBV infection. Results： The implantation of hBMSCs rescued FHF mice, as demonstrated by robust proliferation and transdifferentiation of functional human hepatocytes and multiple immune cell lineages, including B cells, T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and immune cell lineages, including B cells, T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and viremia and specific immune and inflammatory responses and showed progression to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis at a frequency of 55% after 54 weeks. Conclusion： This new humanized mouse model recapitulates the liver cirrhosis induced by human HBV infection, thus providing research opportunities for understanding viral immune pathophysiology and testing antiviral therapies in vivo.this work was supported by the national Science and technology Major Project (grant nos. 2017ZX10304402, 2017ZX10203201 and 2018ZX09711003-005-003), the national natural Science Foundation of china(grant nos. 81672023, 81571818 and 81771996), the Scientific research Foundation of the State Key laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (grant no 2016ZY005), Zhejiang Province and State's Key Project of the research and Development Plan of china (grant nos 2017c01026 and 2016YFc1101304/3).该研究获得了传染病防治国家科技重大专项、新药创制国家科技重大专项和国家自然科学基金的资助

Sporadic ALS has compartment-specific aberrant exon splicing and altered cell–matrix adhesion biology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive weakness from loss of motor neurons. The fundamental pathogenic mechanisms are unknown and recent evidence is implicating a significant role for abnormal exon splicing and RNA processing. Using new comprehensive genomic technologies, we studied exon splicing directly in 12 sporadic ALS and 10 control lumbar spinal cords acquired by a rapid autopsy system that processed nervous systems specifically for genomic studies. ALS patients had rostral onset and caudally advancing disease and abundant residual motor neurons in this region. We created two RNA pools, one from motor neurons collected by laser capture microdissection and one from the surrounding anterior horns. From each, we isolated RNA, amplified mRNA, profiled whole-genome exon splicing, and applied advanced bioinformatics. We employed rigorous quality control measures at all steps and validated findings by qPCR. In the motor neuron enriched mRNA pool, we found two distinct cohorts of mRNA signals, most of which were up-regulated: 148 differentially expressed genes (P ≤ 10−3) and 411 aberrantly spliced genes (P ≤ 10−5). The aberrantly spliced genes were highly enriched in cell adhesion (P ≤ 10−57), especially cell–matrix as opposed to cell–cell adhesion. Most of the enriching genes encode transmembrane or secreted as opposed to nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins. The differentially expressed genes were not biologically enriched. In the anterior horn enriched mRNA pool, we could not clearly identify mRNA signals or biological enrichment. These findings, perturbed and up-regulated cell–matrix adhesion, suggest possible mechanisms for the contiguously progressive nature of motor neuron degeneration. Data deposition: GeneChip raw data (CEL-files) have been deposited for public access in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo, accession number GSE18920

A new approach to assessing the health benefit from obesity interventions in children and adolescents: the assessing cost-effectiveness in obesity project

OBJECTIVE: To report on a new modelling approach developed for the assessing cost-effectiveness in obesity (ACE-Obesity) project and the likely population health benefit and strength of evidence for 13 potential obesity prevention interventions in children and adolescents in Australia. METHODS: We used the best available evidence, including evidence from non-traditional epidemiological study designs, to determine the health benefits as body mass index (BMI) units saved and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) saved. We developed new methods to model the impact of behaviours on BMI post-intervention where this was not measured and the impacts on DALYs over the child\u27s lifetime (on the assumption that changes in BMI were maintained into adulthood). A working group of stakeholders provided input into decisions on the selection of interventions, the assumptions for modelling and the strength of the evidence. RESULTS: The likely health benefit varied considerably, as did the strength of the evidence from which that health benefit was calculated. The greatest health benefit is likely to be achieved by the \u27Reduction of TV advertising of high fat and/or high sugar foods and drinks to children\u27, \u27Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding\u27 and the \u27multi-faceted school-based programme with an active physical education component\u27 interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of consistent methods and common health outcome measures enables valid comparison of the potential impact of interventions, but comparisons must take into account the strength of the evidence used. Other considerations, including cost-effectiveness and acceptability to stakeholders, will be presented in future ACE-Obesity papers. Information gaps identified include the need for new and more effective initiatives for the prevention of overweight and obesity and for better evaluations of public health interventions

Feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to reduce overweight and obesity in children: The electronic games to aid motivation to exercise (eGAME) study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in developed countries. Sedentary screen-based activities such as video gaming are thought to displace active behaviors and are independently associated with obesity. Active video games, where players physically interact with images onscreen, may have utility as a novel intervention to increase physical activity and improve body composition in children. The aim of the Electronic Games to Aid Motivation to Exercise (eGAME) study is to determine the effects of an active video game intervention over 6 months on: body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, waist circumference, cardio-respiratory fitness, and physical activity levels in overweight children.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Three hundred and thirty participants aged 10–14 years will be randomized to receive either an active video game upgrade package or to a control group (no intervention).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>An overview of the eGAME study is presented, providing an example of a large, pragmatic randomized controlled trial in a community setting. Reflection is offered on key issues encountered during the course of the study. In particular, investigation into the feasibility of the proposed intervention, as well as robust testing of proposed study procedures is a critical step prior to implementation of a large-scale trial.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12607000632493</p

The relationship between uncertainty and acute procedure anxiety among surgical patients in Chinese mainland: the mediating role of resilience

Abstract Background Surgery, as one of the main diagnostic and treatment methods, is a routine work in medical settings. Patients undergoing surgery often experience acute procedure anxiety due to uncertainty. There is ample evidence showing that uncertainty is a risk factor for the acute procedure anxiety in surgical patients. However, little is known about the psychological processes mediating this relationship. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate resilience as a mediator of the association between uncertainty and anxiety. Methods A population-based cross-sectional survey with a convenience sampling method was conducted, involving 243 surgical patients in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province of China was carried out. Relevant data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires, including demographic characteristics questionnaire, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS-C), Mishel’s Illness Uncertainty Scale (MUIS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine correlations between various variables. A path model was used to assess the mediation effect of resilience with respect to uncertainty and acute procedure anxiety. Results In the path model, uncertainty have an indirect effect on acute procedure anxiety through resilience. The results suggest that resilience has a mediating role in uncertainty and acute procedure anxiety among surgical patients. Conclusions These findings call for the development of interventions targeting the role of resilience in effectively predicting and preventing acute procedure anxiety and uncertainty among surgical patients

Response of water and photosynthetic physiological characteristics to leaf humidification in Calligonum ebinuricum.

Foliar water uptake (FWU) has increasingly been regarded as a common approach for plants to obtain water under water-limited conditions. At present, the research on FWU has mostly focused on short-term experiments; the long-term FWU plant response remains unclear; Methods: Through a field in-situ humidification control experiment, the leaves of Calligonum ebinuricum N. A. Ivanova ex Soskov were humidified, and the changes of leaf water potential, gas exchange parameters and fluorescence physiological parameters of plants after long-term and short-term FWU were discussed; The main results were as follows: (1) After short-term humidification, the water potential of Calligonum ebinuricum decreased, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased, and the plant produced photoinhibition phenomenon, indicating that short-term FWU could not alleviate drought stress. (2) After long-term humidification, the leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased significantly. That is to say, after long-term FWU, the improvement of plant water status promoted the occurrence of light reaction and carbon reaction, and then increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn); Therefore, long-term FWU is of great significance to alleviate drought stress and promote Calligonum ebinuricum growth. This study will be helpful to deepen our understanding of the drought-tolerant survival mechanism of plants in arid areas

Soliton microcombs in whispering gallery mode crystalline resonators with dispersive intermode interactions

Soliton microcombs have shown great potential in a variety of applications ranging from chip scale frequency metrology to optical communications and photonic data center, in which light coupling among cavity transverse modes, termed as intermode interactions, are long-existing and usually give rise to localized impacts on the soliton state. Of particular interest are whispering gallery mode based crystalline resonators, which with dense mode families, potentially feature interactions of all kind. While effects of narrow-band interactions such as spectral power spikes have been well recognized in crystalline resonators, that of broadband interactions remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate soliton microcombs with broadband and dispersive intermode interactions, in home-developed magnesium fluoride microresonators with an intrinsic $\mathbf{Q}$-factor approaching 10 billion. Soliton combs with broadband spectral tailoring effect have been observed. Remarkably, footprints of both constructive and destructive interference on solitons have been observed, which as confirmed by simulations, are connected to the dispersive effects of the coupled mode family. The ultra-high-Q magnesium fluoride microresonator could also support high efficient soliton microcomb via intermode interactions, as well as rich Raman lasing dynamics. Our results not only contribute to the understanding of dissipative soliton dynamics in multi-mode or coupled resonator systems, but also extend the access to stable soliton combs in crystalline microresonators where mode control and dispersion engineering are usually challenging