KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF DAN REPRODUKTIF HIBRIDA JAGUNG PERSILANGAN GALUR INBRIDA MUTAN (M4) PADA LATOSOL DARMAGA

[VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF MAIZE HYBRIDS GENERATED FROM INBRED MUTANTS (M4) ON DARMAGA LATOSOL]. The development of hybrids from local germplasms are extensively done as alternative to the expensive imported hybrid seeds. The farthest genetic distance of parental lines is required to develop the best hybrids. The objective of this study was to compare the vegetative and reproductive performances of hybrids generated from crosses of M4 inbred lines, generated from the selected gamma irradiated mutants. Twenty eight hybrids derived from diallel crosses of M4 inbred lines and a check hybrid variety (NK33) were evaluated on Darmaga latosol. The results showed that all hybrids had lower performances on vegetative and reproductive characters compared to NK33. However, based on the selection index involving all characters, hybrids of G3 x G8, G6 x G8, and G8 x G6  with the index values of   9.45, 7.85, and 6.72, respectively,  performed better than or similar to  NK33

Sustainable Development Model of Geothermal Energy (A Case Study at Darajat Geothermal Power Plant, Garut-Indonesia)

World consumption of energy from fossil fuels has continued to increase with the increasing world population growth.  In Indonesia, the average growth of energy consumption is 8.5% per year due to economic and population growth. The majority of national energy demand is fulfilled by fossil fuels, but their reserves are decreasing. These situations have forced the government of Indonesia (GOI) to perform efficiency use of fossil fuels and find new alternative energies which are relatively cheaper and environmentally friendly. One of the new alternative energies that meets this criteria is geothermal, which is considered as a renewable energy, has ample reserve, and low CO2 emission. GOI has established the 2006-2025 geothermal development roadmap targeting 9,500 MW in 2025 or a contribution of 5% to national energy consumption. However, current use of geothermal in 2012 is only 1,226 MW or 4% of Indonesia’s geothermal potential (29,215 MW), therefore, this is considered a challenging target for Indonesia to achieve (Sukarna, 2012).This paper describes a conceptual model to develop sustainable geothermal energy to help achieve the GOI challenging target, based on a case study at a Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) in Darajat near Garut, Indonesia. It is intended to provide support for decision makers to accelerate sustainable development of geothermal energy based on social, environmental, and economic aspects. Therefore, some analyses are required to be performed and synthesized so that an optimal, comprehensive and an integrated model of sustainable geothermal development can be obtained. Various analysis conducted are based on a system approach, both hard and soft system approaches. The hard system approach is an analysis of economic investment feasibility of geothermal development at GPP Darajat Garut by calculating Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The soft system approach is a compilation result of the sustainable analysis of MDS (Multi-Dimensional Scaling), legal/regulation review, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), and ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling). These analysis results become inputs in designing a conceptual model of sustainable geothermal energy development. The financial analysis result indicates that investment for geothermal energy development is economically feasible with positive NPV and IRR. The MDS analysis result shows that geothermal energy development at GPP Darajat is relatively sustained. A regulation review indicates that there are government regulation inconsistencies and overlaps, and that permitting requirements need to be improved. The AHP analysis result indicates that the government policy consistency is the most important factor that influences improvement to other factors.  The ISM analysis result indicates that 3 (three) elements have to be considered for sustainable geothermal development: 1) central government as an actor is the strongest driving power and influence for others, 2) government policy consistency is considered as a main obstacle, and (3) developing a long term strategy and policy are the key elements and main drivers that influence others. Based on those analyses results a conceptual model of sustainable geothermal energy development has been developed which consists of a management system, funding/budget support, actor to manage, and regulation management. Keywords: Conceptual model, geothermal energy development, Darajat Garut, MDS, AHP, ISM.

INDUKSI MUTASI PLANLET ANGGREK Spathoglottis plicata Blume. MENGGUNAKAN IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA DAN KARAKTERISASI BERDASARKAN KARAKTER VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF DI RUMAH KAWAT

Spathoglottis plicata Blume is one type of orchids with low level of genetic diversity, especially in flower color compared to the other ochids. The experiment aimed was to induce the genetic diversity of S. plicata accession Bengkulu using gamma irradiation to plantlets. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with 11 doses gamma irradiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 Gy). The result showed that the increase of genetic variability of orchid plantlets after gamma-ray irradiation treatment with doses ranged 30-100 Gy. The LD50 of percentage of plantlet survival was 50.74 Gy, seven months after gamma irradiated. The LD30 of percentage of new plantlet formation was 33.78 Gy. There were 7 plant mutants base on shape and color of flower diffrences and 2 plant mutan base on morphological vegetative characteristic

Penyediaan Perumahan Dan Infrastruktur Dasar Di Lingkungan Permukiman Kumuh Perkotaan (Studi Kasus Di Kota Bandung)

. Bandung as one of the growing metropolitan in Indonesia did not escape from the problems of slums emerging. The problem of slums is characterized by such as a decrease in environmental conditions such as lack of raw water availability and pollution. Based oh those facts, this study aimed to calculate the resource gap in terms of quantity and quality of water and land, for people living in the slums in Bandung city based on minimum service standards and environment quality standards, and determining the form of basic infrastructure as a substitute provider of natural resources water and land that most appropriate. The study was conducted in three kelurahan which represent the three typologies of slums that are heavy is Kelurahan Tamansari, moderate is Kelurahan Babakan Ciamis, and light is Kelurahan Cihargeulis. The results showed that in terms of quantity water in the three kelurahans are met from the ground water and piped water from PDAM. As for the existing land for housing in the three kelurahans are sufficient. In terms of water quality in the three kelurahans is seen that the quality from PDAM have met the environment standards but the quality from ground water have not. Then for soil quality with reference to Soil Quality Index of BPS was seen that the Land Quality Index in the Kelurahan Tamansari is the lowest, and Kelurahan Cihargeulis is the highest. The shape of the priority infrastructure for Kelurahan Tamansari for water is piping from PDAM or local surface water treatment, for wastewater is MCK Communal for black water and local wastewater instalation treatment plant for grey water, for solid waste is anorganic waste bank and composting for organic waste, and multistorey housing. The shape of the priority infrastructure for Kelurahan Babakan Ciamis for water is piping from PDAM, for wastewater is MCK Communal for black water and local wastewater instalation treatment plant for grey water, for solid waste is anorganic waste bank and composting for organic waste, and multistorey housing. The shape of the priority infrastructure for Kelurahan Cihargeulis for water is piping from PDAM, for wastewater is city level wastewater installation treatment, for solid waste is anorganic waste bank and composting for organic waste, landed housin

Sustainable Management Analysis of Biodiesel Utilization in Jakarta and it’s Surrounding

Analysis of MDS (multi dimensional scaling) is performed to determine the level of sustainability of Biodiesel as Biofuel Utilization in Jakarta and its surrounding area. Sustainability assessment based on scoring by the experts for each attribute in each dimension of sustainability assessment. Dimensions of sustainability are considered consists of the environmental dimension, the economic, social, technological, and policy. The results showed that the five dimensions of sustainability, only environmental and technological dimensions beyond the sustainability index. While the other three dimensions, namely social, economic, and policy do not meet the sustainability index. So that the overall average value of the sustainability of Biodiesel as Biosolar (mixing between automotive diesel engine and biodiesel or FAME) utilization in such area also has not met the required sustainability index. However the counter measures can be applied to leverage these problems is to increase socialization and education, simultaneously the technical regulations that could encourage greater variety of sensitive attributes in each dimension, and make the application of policy incentives and disincentives to support it. The first priority step can be started from the improvement in the social dimension attributes through efforts to raise public awareness of the use of Biodiesel as biofuel. This will indirectly encourage the improvement that will attribute the economic dimension with the increasing value-added agro-industry products. In order to facilitate the operation, the necessary attributes is the improvements in policy dimension, especially at the local level policy. All these efforts can be maximized by encouraging better sensitive attributes, such as environmental and technology attributes. Means Improvement is to increase the utilization ratio of biodiesel in biosolar and increasing the availability of human resources in supporting using Biodiesel as biofuel. The entire steps were expected to raise the level of sustainability of Biodiesel utilization in Jakarta as a whole. Keywords: utilization, biofuel, biodiesel, sustainability, multidimensional scaling (MDS)

Analisis Keberlanjutan USAhatani Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Soreang Kabupaten Bandung

Rice farming in Soreang district of Bandung Regency face problems that pose a threat to the sustainability of food security. This research objectives is to analyse and assess the sustainability of rice farming in Soreang District with Rapid Appraisal Usahatani Padi (RAP-FARM) using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method. Results shows rice farming in Soreang District assessment using RAP-FARM yield 49.07 in sustainability index which can be categorized as less sustainable. Leverage analysis results showed that out of 48 existing attributes, 21 sensitive attributes proven to have influence on the rice farming sustainability index. The perspective analysis shows that there are 6 key factors that have significant influence on wetland rice farming which are: (1) conformity of land USAge to the land properties, (2) farmers motivation, (3) organic material USAge and utilization of farm waste, (4) freedom from pest infestations and diseases, (5) land fertility, and (6) USAge of chemical pesticides. The efforts for improving rice farming in Soreang Regency require a sustainability index value by way of managing and repairing sensitive attributes with attribute 21 focus on improvements of the sensitive 6 key factors attribute against the rice farming

Sustainability Analysis of Superior Horticulture Agribusiness Development in East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

The objectives of this study were (1) to identify superior horticulture commodities, (2) to calculate the magnitude of multiplier effects of superior horticulture commodities, (3) to determine the status of the sustainability of horticulture agribusiness development and (4) to determine the dominant attributes influencing the sustainability in East Sumba Regency. The analysis methods used in this study were superior commodities analysis, multiplier analysis and Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS). The results showed that (1) the superior horticulture commodities in East Sumba were mango and cucumber, (2) the multiplier effect values for mango and cucumber were 2.10 and 2.01; (3) the multidimension status of superior horticulture agribusiness development in East Sumba was in the less sustainable category with an index value of 49.37 while the status of social and institutional dimensions were in quite sustainable with index value of 50.23 and 50.76, but was less sustainable of the ecology, economy and technology dimensions with index value of 42.92, 49.01 and 46.76 and (4) the attributes which were dominant on the sustainability of superior horticulture agribusiness development in East Sumba Regency were the use of fertilizer and pesticides, cultivated land area, utilization of loan, extention and training intensity, exsistence of government service, community compherensive of green technology, land processing technic, conflic between farmer groups and the existence of farmer group. Keywords: sustainability, agribusiness, horticulture, multi dimension scallin

Pembangunan Perdesaan Berkelanjutan melalui Model Pengembangan Agropolitan

The development implemented throughoutall this time still reveals an unbalanced development between the urban andrural area. This has occured due to the development policy that is lessfavorable toward the development of rural areas causing various problems of imbalances (inequalities) ofwelfares among the regions. In addition, the failures of development in therural areas have caused backwash effect, and the domination of capital marketand welfares have been mostly possesed by the urban dwellers. The conditionof rural communities have become moredeteriorated, poorer, and the level of unemployment becoming higher. Thedevelopment of agropolitan (agro-based area development) is expected to providepositive impact in the effort to empowering the rural community, reducingpoverty, and supporting rural economic activities that are environmentallyoriented. This study aims to develop a sustainable rural policy through theagropolitan development model, based on regional analysis, insitutional analysis(ISM), and dynamic system. The agropolitan development is relatively able toimprove the income per capita of the rural population. Dynamic system analysisshowed that the agropolitan model follows the basic pattern of Archetype Limitto Success, with production growth as a leverage factor of the dynamic model.Thus, the policy orientation to improve people's welfare is a policy that ableto improve the quantity and quality of products in a sustainable manner. Theresult of analysis of institutional aspect showed key factors that supportsuccessful agropolitan development which are skilled human resources, businesspartnership and marketing, and the performance of institutions that provideinput. The major constraints faced are small size land ownership and productiveagriculture land conversion, extension services agencies that are not yeteffective, low quality of human resources, business behavior change not easy,and low support of capital institution