A novel algorithm of MGWO-based PI controller for a single-stage grid-connected flyback inverter with ZVS

An effective approach on zero-voltage switching scheme for a single-stage grid-connected flyback inverter along with the introduction of Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer technique based on the proportional integral controller is proposed. A focus on soft-switching is attained by means of permitting the grid-side negative current along the bidirectional switches held in the transformer’s secondary side. Consequently, there is a discharge of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor’s output capacitor. This function led the primary switch to turn ON at the condition of zero voltage. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the reactive current level for attaining zero-voltage switching. Generally, the basic Grey Wolf Optimization has some more disadvantages of accuracy-solving and less capability of finding the fitness solutions. Hence, to overcome this, optimizer can be modified for further enhancement in the optimization process. Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer based on the proportional integral controller with pulse width modulation technique is used for controlling the switches; thereby zero-voltage switching triggering takes place which results in decreased total harmonic distortion. Finally, the simulations can be carried out based on the total harmonic distortion which helps to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm. A 24-V, 325-W prototype has been carried out to verify the proposed system

Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Agility (With Special Reference to Financial Institution)

Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research

Morphometric Analysis of Atlas in Western Tamilnadu Population

INTRODUCTION : Atlas was the primodial titan who held up the celastian sphere. Atlas veretbra holds the head like a globe. The knowledge of the morphometry and the morphology of the atlas veretbrawas necessary for the neurosurgeons, orthopedicians and radiologist. The presence of ponticuli was studied in order to avoid iatrogenic injury to vertebral artery groove. The study was focussed on the morphometry and morphology on dry atlas vertebra and in atlas images from CT images of Brain and Cervical spine. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : To study the Morphometry and morphology of atlas veretbra in both dry boneand in CT images of Head and Neck region. MATERIALS AND METHODS : The study was conducted in 50 dry atlas vertebras and in 200 CT images which included 100 male and 100 female. The Morphometry parameters are measured using Vernier caliper in dry atlas bone and in 2D CT images by using special tool bar. The distribution of the ponticuli in our population was observed in both dry bone and in 3D CT images. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS : Dry bone : The most common shape of foramen transversarium was type 2. The mean antero posterior and transverse diameter of foramen transversarium was 7.53mm and 5.51mm respectively. The mean inner groove length of vertebral artery groove was 7.02mm ± 1.20mm. The mean outer groove length was 11.35mm ± 1.97mm. The mean width and thickness of the vertebral artery groove was 8.59mm ± 1.29mm and 3.93mm ± 0.93mm respectively. The mean values of D1, D2, D3 and D4 of vertebral artery grooves were 12.22mm ± 1.85mm, 16.67mm ± 2.79mm, 18.94mm ±2.54mm and 26.11mm ± 2.53mm respectively the most common shape of superior articulating facet was irregular type. The mean value of the antero posterior and transverse diameter of the superior articulating facet was 21.84±2.43mm and 11.61±1.66mm respectively. The mean value of the antero posterior and transverse diameter of the inferior articulating facet was 17.26±1.57mm and 14.71±1.24mm respectively. The mean value of the width of the atlas vertebra was 71.6±5.51mm. The mean value of the distance between the lateral most edge of right and left foramen transversarium was 57±4.28mm. The mean value of the distance between the medial most edge of the right and left foramen transversarium was 48.18±3.28mm. The mean value of the external antero posterior diameter was 40.67±3.73mm. The mean value of the internal antero posterior diameter was 27.8±2.41mm. The mean value of the intertubercular distance was 16.16±1.92mm. The frequency of ponticuli posterior and ponticuli lateralis among 50 dry atlas vertebras was 16% and 6% respectively. CT images : The mean anteroposterior dimension and transverse diameter of foramen transversarium was 7.06 mm ± 1.11 mm and 5.80 mm ± 1.16 mm respectively. The mean inner and outer length of the vertebral artery groove was 8.53±1.60 mmand 13.80±2.15mm respectively. The mean value of the width of the vertebral artery groove was 6.89±1.38 mm. The mean value of D1, D2, D3,and D4 of the vertebral artery groove was 11.56±2.17 mm, 15.2±2.74mm, 18.34±3.43mm and 26.25±4.18mm respectively. . The mean value of β1and β2 of the vertebral artery groove was 48.22±6.17degrees and 63.94±5.33degrees respectively. The mean value of the width of the atlas vertebra was 72.91±5.55mm. The mean value of the distance between the lateral most edge of the right and left side of the foramen transversarium was 55.89±4.67mm. The mean value of the distance between the medial most edge of the right and left side of the foramen transversarium was 44.16±3.53mm. The mean value of the external antero posterior diameter was 40.37±3.22mm. The mean value of the internal antero posterior diameter of the atlas vertebra was 29.64±2.57mm. The mean value of the inter-tubercular distance of 200 atlas image was 16.11±2.06mm. . The frequency of ponticuli posterior, ponticuli lateralis and posterolateral ponticuli was 18.5%, 1% and 1.5% respectively. CONCLUSION : The knowledge based on the morphometry and morphology are applied clinically during posterior dissection of neck. The presence of ponticuli should be assessed before any cervical surgeries and in cervical spine traumas to avoid vertebral artery rupture

An analytical paper on privacy issues of consumers in unsolicited marketing campaign

E-commerce privacy being vital issue that has been resulting in negative or adverse effects on the additional development and growth of e-commerce. With the speedy growth and use of Ecommerce, privacy has become associate degree in progress and increasing concern for the users, providers, applied scientist still because the policy manufacturers. whereas it's tough to finish a dealing in e-commerce by a user while not providing personal data, protective that data from proliferating is another tough issue for the suppliers, applied scientist and also the policy manufacturers. Psychologically, users’ of e-commerce are unwilling to produce personal data or perhaps to browse on-line if they believe their privacy isn't protected. As luck would have it, there are technologies still as policies are in impact, still as are in development stages to assist shield privacy at current and in future. TRUSTe, BBBonline and WebTrust are a number of the businesses providing services for standardized privacy protection technology and policy. However, there's a necessity to grasp a lot of concerning the privacy problems so as to make usable and effective mechanisms for those firms and different privacy protection technologies and policies. This paper presents previous, existing and future privacy problems and their solutions in respect privacy concern in unsolicited marketing campaign

ENHANCEMENT OF QoS IN MULTIMEDIA TRANSMISSION THROUGH OPTIMAL DELAY BASED FRAGMENTATION

ABSTRACT With the growth of different networking technology and multimedia technology the real time delivery of multimedia content becomes an imperative field. Most of the applications such as video conferencing need multimedia transmission techniques that send multimedia data from one end to another with enhanced efficiency in quality and minimized delay. Conventional packet fragmentation schemes shed a packet if all its fragments are not received correctly. But video data is loss tolerant and delay-sensitive. In this paper we propose a new family of delay based fragmentation algorithm which reduces the packet loss and delay thereby attain Quality of service in Multimedia applications

Non Traumatic Abdominal Surgical Emergencies

INTRODUCTION: An acute abdomen is best defined as a short-term occurrence of abdominal symptoms that suggest disease, which definitely or possibly threatens life, and may or may not demand immediate operative interference. The majority of emergency admissions to surgical wards are patients complaining of acute abdominal pain. Acute abdominal pain continues to provide a large work load for the general surgeon and also many diagnostic and management problems. Different techniques have been introduced over the past to help in the management of acute abdomen. An accurate diagnosis is essential for the correct treatment, which in many cases will prevent the death of the patient. The natural history of acute abdomen depends on the pathological process involved, which is some instances may resolve spontaneously with or without treatment and at other time may progress to generalised peritonitis and death. Hasty decisions are rarely necessary and if carried out may be incorrect or misleading. The history and physical examination done by an unhurried surgeon remains the cornerstones of the diagnosis, which is confirmed by laboratory data and or when necessary, by radiographic studies. If this information is unnecessary, the periodic reexamination helps document the progression of the disease and often avoids unnecessary surgical intervention. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the peritoneal cavity as well as the pathological process that occur is essential for an accurate diagnosis and treatment. Today the combination of improved diagnostic procedures, antibiotics and better anaesthesia and preoperative and post operative patient care has led to a decrease in morbidity and mortality of patients with acute abdomen. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To determine the common causes of acute abdomen and their incidence in our hospital. 2. To study the age and sex distribution of these condition. 3. To findout the various types of the above causes of non traumatic abdominal emergencies and discuss their incidence, age and sex distribution of each. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient Selection criteria: 1. All the patients presenting as acute abdomen who are taken up for surgery during the period from June 2004 to May 2005 at Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital were included in my study. All patients with trauma induced abdominal injuries were excluded from the study. 2. Patients treated by conservative management were excluded from this study. METHODOLOGY: A total of 390 patients were studied during this period. On admission a detailed history was taken and a thorough physical examination was done. Necessary emergency investigations were done for all the patient. A methodical diagnosis was arrived at and treated accordingly. CONCLUSION: 1. Our study shows that appendicectomy still remains the commonest non traumatic abdominal emergency. 2. The age incidence of appendicitis in my study show a definite shift to patients between 15 and 30 yrs. accounting for almost 77% of all cases. 3. There was a definite male preponderance of cases studied. 4. Duodenal perforation was the commonest hollow viscus perforation. 5. Our study showed a decrease in the average age of peptic ulcer perforation with an overwhelming majority of male patients. 6. Ileal perforation was the next commonest cause of perforations almost all being due to typhoid. 7. Inguinal hernias were the commonest herniae to become obstructed. The age and sex incidence conferred to the previous studies. 8. Small bowel obstruction seems to be disease of the young as shown by our series. There was almost equal incidence among both sexes. 9. Adhesions were the first commonest cause of intestinal obstruction, only after obstructed inguinal hernias. 10. Large bowel obstruction with an average age incidence of 50 yrs. and a male predominance seems to be a disease of the middle aged. Volvulus and malignancies accounted for all the cases. This conforms to the general view

Management of Cutaneous Lesions - Head and Neck.

INTRODUCTION: The patients with cutaneous lesions in head and neck region seek reconstruction to cover the defect with good result. The priority of reconstruction is complete tumor resection at the first instant and followed with possible reconstruction. Tumor biology is understood to get the best possible anatomic functional and aesthetic results. Face and it’s features have been subjects of poetic and artistic endeavors throughout the ages. Because a person’s face is highly visible and difficult to camouflage any lesions, scars or imperfections which are obvious to others may be distressing to the affected individual. Surgical planning and skill will have physical and psychological implications for the patients. So in these patients, a surgeon’s goal is to achieve tumor free margin, to avoid unsightly scar while using the simplest and most effective reconstructive approach. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To identify the various cutaneous lesions of the head and neck reporting to our department. 2. To analyse the various treatment and reconstructive options available and their applications in the above patients. 3. To analyse the outcome of the surgical procedure. Study Period: September 2009 to February 2012 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work includes the study of patients with the diagnosis of cutaneous lesions of head and neck who were subjected to surgical management and their defects reconstructed. Inpatients and outpatients in all age groups were studied. METHODOLOGY: This includes obtaining information from patients, thorough clinical examinations, necessary investigation, preoperative assessment and operability. No grants or external funds were used for this study. Permission to carry out the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee. FOLLOW UP: The patients were discharged after surgical management and advised to follow up after fifteen days, one month, three months, six months and one year. RESULT: In the cutaneous lesions of head and neck region seen in our study majority were benign (88%) and malignant lesions were only 12%. Benign lesions occur in the age group of 10 – 40 years (72%) and malignant lesions were above 40 years. Majority of the malignant cutaneous lesions were basel cell carcinoma and majority occurs between 40 – 70 years with female preponderance. Overall surgical procedures done for benign and malignant lesions were as follows. 75% of patients had excision and primary closure. 8% of the patients had excision and local flap cover. 2% of the patients had excision and regional flap cover. 2% of the patients had excision and skin grafting. 4% of patients had diathermy excision for wart. 5% of the patients had intralesional sclerosant injection for hemangiomas and 4% of the patients had intralesional steroids for keloid of earlobule. OUTCOME: Satisfactory aesthetic outcome observed in 88% of patients and unsatisfactory in 12 patients. CONCLUSION: In the cutaneous lesions of head and neck region seen in our study majority were benign (88%) and malignant lesions were only 12%. In the benign cases aetiology of the lesions in the order of incidence were: post traumatic keloid 40%, congenital nevi and vascular malformations 16%, infective sebaceous cyst and pyogenic granuloma 16%, inflammatory wart 11%, papilloma 2%, trichoepithelioma 1% and vitiligo 1%. Benign lesions occur in the age group of 10 – 40 years (72%) and malignant lesions were above 40 years. Females with benign lesions were a majority (54) and 34 were males. Majority of the malignant cutaneous lesions were basel cell carcinoma and majority occurs between 40 – 70 years with female preponderance. Overall surgical procedures done for benign and malignant lesions were as follows. 75% of patients had excision and primary closure. 8% of the patients had excision and local flap cover. 2% of the patients had excision and regional flap cover. 2% of the patients had excision and skin grafting. 4% of patients had diathermy excision for wart. 5% of the patients had intralesional sclerosant injection for hemangiomas and 4% of the patients had intralesional steroids for keloid of earlobule. In the outcome analysis, 4 patients had tumor margin positive. They underwent secondary surgical procedures. Recurrence in 3 patients of malignant lesions had further resection and reconstruction done. Satisfactory aesthetic outcome observed in 88% of patients and unsatisfactory in 12 patients. Keloid patients were advised to follow scar massage therapy, steroid injection in suture lines or silicon gel sheeting after intralesional excision of keloids

Characterization and identification of isolated bacteria from ice-ice disease infected seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii

1286-1290Ice-ice disease occurs in cultivated algal seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii due to pathogenic bacterial infections. This seaweed has rich source of carrageenan widely known as the kappa carrageenan. Generally, ice-ice disease leads to whitening of the branches initiated with colour changes of the thalli, which become transparent in the end. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the bacteria based on morphology and biochemical characterization on ice-ice diseased K. alvarezii from three different places, namely, Kottapatinam, Thondi and Rameswaram. The bacterium was isolated in Zobell Marine Agar (ZMA) and thiosulfate-citrate-bile saltsucrose (TCBS) agar. Morphological and biochemical characterizations revealed that the isolated bacteria causing ice-ice disease were closely related to the genera Bacillus in ZMA and Vibrio species in TCBS. Total viability count, physical and chemical properties of the bacteria by gram staining and morphological analysis were done for all species isolated from three places