microbiome

The data contains tables in txt format with read counts for bacterial phyla (Phylum_level_readsCountTable.txt) and families (Family_level_readsCountTable.txt) in pooled samples from five different environments (nematodes, beetle gut, decaying beetle, native soil, and decaying beetle). Zero read counts (no reads mapping to a taxonomic group) has been replaced by a value of 1e-5 to facilitate downstream analysis, such as taking the logarithm. We pooled the reads of technical replicates into one single sample by adding up the read counts, including 1e-5 values. For this reason some entries are floating point values rather than integers. Tables contain detailed information about each sample such as environment, sequencing year, decaying status, species and beetle parts information for nematode gut samples

Data from: Succession and dynamics of Pristionchus nematodes and their microbiome during decomposition of Oryctes beetles on La Réunion Island

Insects and nematodes represent the most species-rich animal taxa and they occur together in a variety of associations. Necromenic nematodes of the genus Pristionchus are found on scarab beetles with more than 30 species known from worldwide samplings. However, little is known about the dynamics and succession of nematodes and bacteria during the decomposition of beetle carcasses. Here, we study nematode and bacterial succession of the decomposing rhinoceros beetle Oryctes borbonicus on La Réunion Island. We show that Pristionchus pacificus exits the arrested dauer stage seven days after the beetles´ deaths. Surprisingly, new dauers are seen after 11 days, suggesting that some worms return to the dauer stage after one reproductive cycle. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of decaying beetles, beetle guts and nematodes to study bacterial communities in comparison to soil. We find that soil environments have the most diverse bacterial communities. The bacterial community of living and decaying beetles are more stable but one single bacterial family dominates the microbiome of decaying beetles. In contrast, the microbiome of nematodes is relatively similar even across different families. This study represents the first characterization of the dynamics of nematode-bacterial interactions during the decomposition of insects

Prenatal alcohol prevention in the UK: Mapping the landscape through systematic collaborative review

BACKGROUND: UK policy makers have called for urgent action to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but evidence on what is effective is scarce. We aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesise evidence on content, process aspects, and effectiveness of UK PAE prevention initiatives. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of published and grey literature on UK PAE prevention (PROSPERO: CRD42020209460); consultations with 61 academic, practice, policy, third sector, and public stakeholders; and semi-structured 12 interviews with pregnant people (who were aged ≥18 years and ≥12 weeks' gestation) and service providers to discuss experiences of PAE prevention. Participants were purposively sampled to cover each UK region and identified through maternity sites, social media and, for stakeholder consultees, researcher networks. Information from relevant PAE prevention initiatives from the literature was independently extracted by two reviewers. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained for interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Qualitative evidence was synthesised using thematic analysis. Quantitative data will be summarised using descriptive statistics and meta-analysis. FINDINGS: We identified 14 PAE prevention initiatives through literature searches (22 of 4064 results were eligible), stakeholder consultation, and interviews. Initiatives included screening and intervention, campaigns, and education or training. Seven initiatives were identified in the north of England. Two initiatives were identified in Scotland and two in Wales. The East of England, West Midlands, and South East of England had one each. None were identified in Southwest of England or Northern Ireland. Barriers to prevention included absence of resources, excessive workload, concerns around blame, and COVID-19. Enablers included workforce training and trust between pregnant people and service providers. Effectiveness of evidence was scarce. INTERPRETATION: Key strengths include extensive searches and multidisciplinary consultation. Data collection and analyses are ongoing and will be finalised before November, 2022. This research will provide a comprehensive analysis of current provision, providing crucial evidence to inform research and practice. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health and Care Research