Neuroprotective effects of arbutin against oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rat cortical neurons

In this study, the neuroprotective potential of arbutin (100 µmol L–1) pre-treatment and post-treatment against oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (R) induced ischemic injury in cultured rat cortical neurons was explored. The OGD (60 min) and reoxygenation (24 h) treatment significantly (p < 0.001) compromised the antioxidant defence in cultured neurons. Subsequently, an increase (p < 0.001) in lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor kappa-B) declined neuron survival. In pre- and post-condition experiments, treatment with arbutin enhanced both survival (p < 0.01) and integrity (p < 0.05) of cultured neurons. Results showed that arbutin protects (p < 0.05) against peroxidative changes, inflammation, and enhanced the antioxidant activity (e.g., glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase) in cultured neurons subjected to OGD/R. It can be inferred that arbutin could protect against ischemic injuries and stroke. The anti-ischemic activity of arbutin can arrest post-stroke damage to the brain

Adult Onset Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy: A Case Report

Introduction: Best disease or vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with bilateral presentation characterized by subretinal accumulation of yellowish material in the macular area. Macular findings range from a small yellow spot, multiple vitelliform or atrophic lesions to a chorio-retinal scar. Case report: A 35 years male presented to our outpatient department with chief complaint of blurring of vision of both eyes for the past three months. His visual acuity was 6/12 in both right and left eyes. On slit-lamp bio-examination anterior segments of both eyes were normal. On fundus examination, both eyes revealed a single, circular, yellow-opaque egg yolk-like macular lesion with no other abnormalities. Optical coherence tomography of both eyes revealed deposits of homogenous hyper- reflective material beneath retinal pigment epithelium at fovea. Fundus fluorescence angiography showed blocked fluorescence at the site of vitelliform lesion of both eyes. Conclusion: Best vitelliform macular dystrophy is a rare genetic disorder with incomplete penetrance. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescence angiography support the diagnosis

Topographic Distribution of Carious Lesion on Young Permanent Mandibular Molars and Its Relation to Periapical Index Score of Apical Periodontitis: A Radiographic Analysis

INTRODUCTION: Caries in young permanent teeth progress rapidly resulting in early pulp involvement which further progresses into loss of mineralized tissue and severe periapical pathologies. The Periapical Index scoring system (PAI) proposed by Ørstavik et al. in 1986 is an invaluable diagnostic tool used to evaluate periapical lesion extent and severity by 2D digital intraoral periapical radiographic analysis with minimal radiation exposure and hence treatment planning.AIM: To evaluate the relationship of the surface distribution of caries in young permanent molars, pulpal involvement and periapical index (PAI) score with respect to individual root forming young permanent mandibular molars. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this retrospective single-centre study, 100 pulpally involved carious young permanent mandibular molars were included, selected from the departmental records between August 2018-2019. Topographic distribution of caries and radiographic analysis (using PAI) was evaluated to see the effect of anatomical site of caries, individual anatomical form of root, and extent &amp; severity of apical periodontitis developed.RESULT: No significant correlation between the site of caries involvement and PAI score was observed. PAI score for distal roots was higher(PAI&gt; 2) as compared to mesial root for pulpally involved carious young permanent first molars (p-value mesial root-0.576 , distal root-0.591)CONCLUSION: PAI score is independent of the topographic distribution of caries and no correlation was observed. Periapical radiolucency does not depend on caries distribution, either it is mesial, distal or occlusal

Vision Loss following Small Incision Cataract Surgery: A Case Report

Introduction: Retro-bulbar block is still safe and widely employed anesthetic technique in large volume routine cataract surgery. Nevertheless, the procedure is not free of complication. Case report: A 48 years old man who had small incision cataract surgery of left eye under retro-bulbar block, had vision of hand movement close to face on his first postoperative day. He was given intracameral cefuroxime and subconjunctival gentamycin at the end of the surgery. Fundoscopy of the operated eye showed marked retinal whitening with cherry-red spot in the posterior pole suggestive of cilio-retinal artery occlusion. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were done to support and confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion: Retinal artery occlusion secondary to retro-bulbar block or drug induced toxicity following routine cataract surgery is unusual and sometimes dreadful vision threatening complication can occur

A Review on Current Status of Blood Disorder: Thalassemia and its Treatment

The most prevalent hereditary monogenic disorders that claim millions of lives globally are thalassemic syndromes. A thalassemia is an inherited condition, at least one parent must carry the disease's gene. Perhaps a genetic mutation/ defective globin chain or the loss of specific important gene segments is the main cause. Thalassemic illnesses started to strain the healthcare systems of several nations worldwide. Management of thalassemia is now seen as a lifelong treatment that requires continuous monitoring. In this review, we seek to compile and analyze recent research on thalassemia diagnosis and treatment, including papers, studies, and clinical trials. We also intend to present a concise yet comprehensive study. A thalassemia is an inherited condition, at least one parent must carry the disease's gene. Perhaps a genetic mutation/ defective globin chain or the loss of specific important gene segments is the main cause

Methionine-functionalized graphene oxide/sodium alginate bio-polymer nanocomposite hydrogel beads: Synthesis, isotherm and kinetic studies for an adsorptive removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics

This work was supported by Pt. Ravishankar Research Fellowship Scheme, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India (grant number V.R. No. 3114/4/Fin./Sch.//2018). This work was also supported by national funds through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call (CEECINST/00102/2018) and by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020).In spite of the growing demand for new antibiotics, in the recent years, the occurrence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (as a curative agent for urinary tract disorders and respiratory problems) in wastewater have drawn immense attention. Traces of antibiotic left-overs are present in the water system, causing noxious impact on human health and ecological environments, being a global concern. Our present work aims at tackling the major challenge of toxicity caused by antibiotics. This study deals with the efficient adsorption of two commonly used fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics, i.e., Ofloxacin (OFX) and Moxifloxacin (MOX) on spherical hydrogel beads generated from methionine‒functionalized graphene oxide/ sodium alginate polymer (abbreviated Met-GO/SA) from aqueous solutions. The composition, morphology and crystal phase of prepared adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG). Batch adsorption tests are followed to optimize the conditions required for adsorption process. Both functionalized and non-functionalized adsorbents were compared to understand the influence of several experimental parameters, such as, the solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature and initial concentration of OFX and MOX on adsorption. The obtained results indicated that the functionalized adsorbent (Met-GO/SA) showed a better adsorption efficiency when compared to non-functionalized (GO/SA) adsorbent. Further, the Langmuir isotherm was validated as the best fitting model to describe adsorption equilibrium and pseudo second-order-kinetic model fitted well for both types of adsorbate. The maximum adsorption capacities of Met-GO/SA were 4.11 mg/g for MOX and 3.43 mg/g for OFX. Thermodynamic parameters, i.e., ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S° were also calculated. It was shown that the overall adsorption process was thermodynamically favorable, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The adsorbents were successfully regenerated up to four cycles with 0.005 M NaCl solutions. Overall, our work showed that the novel Met-GO/SA nanocomposite could better contribute to the removal of MOX and OFX from the liquid media. The gel beads prepared have adequate features, such as simple handling, eco-friendliness and easy recovery. Hence, polymer gel beads are promising candidates as adsorbents for large-scale water remediation.publishersversionpublishe

Solochrome dark blue azo dye removal by sonophotocatalysis using mn2+ doped zns quantum dots

Funding Information: Funding: J.P. is thankful to DST, New Delhi, India for Research fellowship under Women Scientist Scheme (SR/WOS-A/CS-82/2018). This work has also been supported by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call (CEEC-INST/00102/2018) and the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020). Funding Information: J.P. is thankful to DST, New Delhi, India for Research fellowship under Women Scientist Scheme (SR/WOS-A/CS-82/2018). This work has also been supported by FCT?Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call (CEEC-INST/00102/2018) and the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work investigates the degradation of the azo dye solochrome dark blue (SDB) by measurement of the photocatalytic, sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic activities, under low ultrasonic frequency (40 kHz) and UV-C (254 nm) light, using Mn-doped ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (Mn2+:ZnS Qds) as catalysts, prepared by a simple chemical precipitation procedure. In order to study the different morphological and optical crystal properties, various characterization techniques were used, such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption at −196 °C and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The average particle size of the semiconductor Qds was in the range of 3–4 nm. The optimal parameters affecting dye degradation, such as the catalyst loading, solution pH, time of irradiation, initial concentration of dye, dopant concentration, ultrasonic power and frequency effect were evaluated. The synthesized catalytic material exhibited a high activity for sonophotocatalytic degradation of SDB (89%), larger than that observed for sonocatalysis (69.7%) or photocatalysis (55.2%) alone, which was due to the improved electron-holes separation, formation of more reactive radicals and enhancement of the active surface area. Qds showed good stability and reusability after five repeated cycles. Finally, the degradation products were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).publishersversionpublishe

Users opinion about synthetic, bio- and nano-biopesticides

As authors, we would like to convey our sincere thanks to Department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, for their valuable technical support given in this project. We would like to express our earnest thanks Dr. Poonrathi (Chief Medical Officer in charge - Kodai Govt. Hospital), Dr. Tamilselvan (Junior doctor- Krishnagiri Govt. Medical Health Unit), Ms. N.V. Ratana (Department of Agriculture – Telangana), Dr. Thirupurasundari (Dietician – USA), Ms. Tan (Organic Activist – KL), and Ms. Krithika Lakshmi (HR – Advisor, KL) for their valuable comments, timely advice, and suggestions. We also would like to thank all participants for devoting their precious time by helping us in this survey. We would like to share our humble gratitude to Dr. R. Senthil Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Chennai, for his timely help and advice for statistical evaluation. SACC is grateful to Fundaç ão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal for Scientific Employment Stimulus-Institutional Call (CEEC-INST/00102/2018) and to the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDP/5006/2020). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Govt. V. Y. T. PG Autonomous College, Durg (protocol code IEC/GVYTPGACI 19 /DURG. Date- 30/10/2021) for studies involving humans. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsWith a growing global population, the demand for food, clothing and shelter became crucial for sustaining life. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic/endemic, along with the threat of other endemics, posed significant challenges in ensuring the delivery of nutritionally rich food. To address this, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the ban of some highly toxic chemical pesticides. Excessive consumption and exposure to pesticides possibly contributed to a decline in the human immunity levels making our fight against the pandemics more difficult and challenging. During the lockdown COVID-19 crisis, we conducted a survey to gather insights from farm landers (FLs), garden lovers (GLs), domestic front users (DFUs) predominantly from India, but also from other regions worldwide. The survey aimed at better understanding the usage of pesticides, both chemicals (CPs), bio-pesticides (BPs) or both, and their global utilization. A statistical survey with seven rudimentary sections was designed to receive the inputs (elementary inputs, awareness and perception, pesticide utility, health, ecology, and alternatives for safer trials) with fairness and care. The data was statistically analyzed within each group of population, revealing significant variations within the groups. Our study indicated that FLs (44.7 %) predominantly used BPs, GLs (18.8 %) relied on CPs, while DFUs (100.0 %) used a combination of both without any specific intention. Correlation analysis, given by R (correlation coefficient) and p (probability of obtaining an equal or more extreme effect than the found considering the null hypothesis as true) values revealed the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the selected variables, such as level of education (LOE) and gender, with the adoption of new alternatives (2loglikelihood = 64.743, with χ2 = 128.4, degrees of freedom (df) = 24, p<*0.05, **0.01, and *** 0.001) through multinomial regression analysis, indicating the fitness of the model. Likewise, our study primarily focused on exploring the insights for the development of nano-biopesticides, as improved alternatives to the existing solutions.publishersversionpublishe

Evaluating the Impact of Various Seed Priming Agents (SPAs) on Germination and Development Parameters of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The present study has been conducted to study the effect of various primer treatments i.e., PEG (5%), PEG (10%), NaCl (2%), KCl (2%), CuSO4•5H2O (2%), NaOH (2%) and control on germination and growth of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) varieties (var. Arka Anamika and Clemson). Growth parameters were measured at 10, 20, and 30 DAS, while germination parameters were recorded over a period of seven days. Compared to Arka Anamika, Clemson showed better germination and growth metrics, which also showed significant differences in seed priming treatments. The use of different concentrations of PEG solution for seed priming proved to be particularly effective as evidenced by the highest germination percentage (79%), speed (95.95%), energy (76%), and Vigor index (2037.94 cm). Growth parameters also showed significant differences with these treatments. Similarly, seed priming with 2% NaOH and 2% CuSO4•5H2O had the lowest results for growth and germination metrics. The results highlight how priming can significantly improve the germination and growth of okra seedlings; the Clemson and PEG solution treatments stand out as particularly successful techniques. This highlights the potential for improved okra production through the use of these priming methods