Fremdheit - ganz anders! Möglichkeiten struktureller Kooperation von Studienwerkstätten und Auswirkungen auf die Handlungsebene anhand eines Beispiels zum Thema Fremdheit

In diesem Beitrag wird die Kooperation der Studienwerkstätten an der Universität Kassel im Rahmen des Projekts „Verzahnung der Studienwerkstätten“ in den Fokus genommen. Darin wurde das Thema Fremdheit gemeinsam er- und aus unterschiedlichen fachspezifischen Perspektiven bearbeitet. Am Beispiel von zwei kooperierenden Studienwerkstätten werden unterschiedliche Herangehensweisen an das Thema vorgestellt, deren Zusammenarbeit auf der Struktur- und Handlungsebene betrachtet und das Konzept theoriebasiert und unter Einbezug der erhobenen Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse der Studierenden reflektiert. (DIPF/Orig.

Enteroviruses in Respiratory Samples from Paediatric Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany

Enteroviruses are associated with various diseases accompanied by rare but severe complications. In recent years, outbreaks of enterovirus D68 and enterovirus A71 associated with severe respiratory infections and neurological complications have been reported worldwide. Since information on molecular epidemiology in respiratory samples is still limited, the genetic diversity of enteroviruses was retrospectively analysed over a 4-year period (2013–2016) in respiratory samples from paediatric patients. Partial viral major capsid protein gene (VP1) sequences were determined for genotyping. Enteroviruses were detected in 255 (6.1%) of 4187 specimens. Phylogenetic analyses of 233 (91.4%) strains revealed 25 different genotypes distributed to Enterovirus A (39.1%), Enterovirus B (34.3%), and Enterovirus D (26.6%). The most frequently detected genotypes were enterovirus D68 (26.6%), coxsackievirus A6 (15.9%), and enterovirus A71 (7.3%). Enterovirus D68 detections were associated with lower respiratory tract infections and increased oxygen demand. Meningitis/encephalitis and other neurological symptoms were related to enterovirus A71, while coxsackievirus A6 was associated with upper respiratory diseases. Prematurity turned out as a potential risk factor for increased oxygen demand during enterovirus infections. The detailed analysis of epidemiological and clinical data contributes to the non-polio enterovirus surveillance in Europe and showed high and rapidly changing genetic diversity of circulating enteroviruses, including different enterovirus D68 variants

ATRT–SHH comprises three molecular subgroups with characteristic clinical and histopathological features and prognostic significance

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor characterized by loss of SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression and comprises three distinct molecular groups, ATRT–TYR, ATRT–MYC and ATRT–SHH. ATRT–SHH represents the largest molecular group and is heterogeneous with regard to age, tumor location and epigenetic profile. We, therefore, aimed to investigate if heterogeneity within ATRT–SHH might also have biological and clinical importance. Consensus clustering of DNA methylation profiles and confirmatory t-SNE analysis of 65 ATRT–SHH yielded three robust molecular subgroups, i.e., SHH-1A, SHH-1B and SHH-2. These subgroups differed by median age of onset (SHH-1A: 18 months, SHH-1B: 107 months, SHH-2: 13 months) and tumor location (SHH-1A: 88% supratentorial; SHH-1B: 85% supratentorial; SHH-2: 93% infratentorial, often extending to the pineal region). Subgroups showed comparable SMARCB1 mutational profiles, but pathogenic/likely pathogenic SMARCB1 germline variants were over-represented in SHH-2 (63%) as compared to SHH-1A (20%) and SHH-1B (0%). Protein expression of proneural marker ASCL1 (enriched in SHH-1B) and glial markers OLIG2 and GFAP (absent in SHH-2) as well as global mRNA expression patterns differed, but all subgroups were characterized by overexpression of SHH as well as Notch pathway members. In a Drosophila model, knockdown of Snr1 (the fly homologue of SMARCB1) in hedgehog activated cells not only altered hedgehog signaling, but also caused aberrant Notch signaling and formation of tumor-like structures. Finally, on survival analysis, molecular subgroup and age of onset (but not ASCL1 staining status) were independently associated with overall survival, older patients (> 3 years) harboring SHH-1B experiencing relatively favorable outcome. In conclusion, ATRT–SHH comprises three subgroups characterized by SHH and Notch pathway activation, but divergent molecular and clinical features. Our data suggest that molecular subgrouping of ATRT–SHH has prognostic relevance and might aid to stratify patients within future clinical trials. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00401-022-02424-5

Das Bielefelder Projekt "Schule für alle": Prävention von Selektion und Förderung benachteiligter Kinder durch Studierende.

Kottmann B. Das Bielefelder Projekt "Schule für alle": Prävention von Selektion und Förderung benachteiligter Kinder durch Studierende. In: Heinzel F, Garlichs A, Pietsch S, eds. Lernbegleitung und Patenschaften. Reflexive Fallarbeit in der universitären Lehrerausbildung. Bad Heinbrunn: Klinkhardt; 2007: 32-42

Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Commercial Fish Feed : an Initial Study

The control of mycotoxins is a global challenge not only in human consumptionbut also in nutrition of farm animals including aquatic species. Fusarium toxins, such asdeoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), are common contaminants of animal feedbut no study reported the occurrence of both mycotoxins in fish feed so far. Here, we reportfor the first time the occurrence of DON and ZEN in samples of commercial fish feeddesigned for nutrition of cyprinids collected from central Europe. A maximal DONconcentration of 825 μg kg−1 feed was found in one feed whereas average values of289 μg kg−1 feed were noted. ZEN was the more prevalent mycotoxin but theconcentrations were lower showing an average level of 67.9 μg kg−1 feed

Kinetics of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the presence of acetonitrile

Markus Pietsch, Leonie Christian, Therese Inhester, Susanne Petzold and Michael Gütscho

Relaxation dynamics of the mass-​selected hydrated auride ion (Au^-​)

By using time-​resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, decay of optically excited states of hydrated Au-​ mass-​selected in the gas phase was studied. Probably the pump-​photon can induce injection of an electron from auride chromophore to the H2O solvent. The cluster with 3 H2O mols. (Au-​(H2O)​3) showed a long-​living excited state with a lifetime of ∼19 ± 3 ps, whereas that of Au-​(H2O)​2 is only ∼3 ± 1 ps. The fate of an optically excited state of an ionic species can be significantly changed by the no. of H2O (solvent) mols. attached

Superhalogens beget superhalogens : a case study of (BO₂)_n oligomers

Superhalogens belong to a class of molecules that not only mimic the chemistry of halogen atoms but also possess electron affinities that are much larger than that of chlorine, the element with the highest electron affinity in the periodic table. Using BO2 as an example and the synergy between density functional theory-based calculations and photoelectron spectroscopy experiments we demonstrate another unusual property of superhalogens. Unlike halogens, whose ability to accept an electron falls upon dimerization, B2O4, the dimer of BO2, has an electron affinity larger than that of the BO2 building block. This ability of (BO2)2 and subsequent, higher oligomers (BO2)n (n = 3 and 4), to retain their superhalogen characteristics can be traced to the enhanced bonding interactions between oxygen and boron atoms and due to the delocalization of the charge of the extra-electron over the terminal oxygen atoms. These results open the door to the design and synthesis of a new class of metal-free highly negative ions with potential for novel applications.publishe